scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cell Model of In Vitro Adipocyte Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1837-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Turner ◽  
Yi Tang ◽  
Stephen J. Weiss ◽  
Amol V. Janorkar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals An optimised GAS-pharyngeal cell biofilm model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heema K. N. Vyas ◽  
Jason D. McArthur ◽  
Martina L. Sanderson-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

AbstractGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) causes 700 million infections and accounts for half a million deaths per year. Biofilm formation has been implicated in both pharyngeal and dermal GAS infections. In vitro, plate-based assays have shown that several GAS M-types form biofilms, and multiple GAS virulence factors have been linked to biofilm formation. Although the contributions of these plate-based studies have been valuable, most have failed to mimic the host environment, with many studies utilising abiotic surfaces. GAS is a human specific pathogen, and colonisation and subsequent biofilm formation is likely facilitated by distinct interactions with host tissue surfaces. As such, a host cell-GAS model has been optimised to support and grow GAS biofilms of a variety of GAS M-types. Improvements and adjustments to the crystal violet biofilm biomass assay have also been tailored to reproducibly detect delicate GAS biofilms. We propose 72 h as an optimal growth period for yielding detectable biofilm biomass. GAS biofilms formed are robust and durable, and can be reproducibly assessed via staining/washing intensive assays such as crystal violet with the aid of methanol fixation prior to staining. Lastly, SEM imaging of GAS biofilms formed by this model revealed GAS cocci chains arranged into three-dimensional aggregated structures with EPS matrix material. Taken together, we outline an efficacious GAS biofilm pharyngeal cell model that can support long-term GAS biofilm formation, with biofilms formed closely resembling those seen in vivo.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic effects of FGFR1 on cell proliferation, survival, and migration in a 3D mammary epithelial cell model

2005 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wa Xian ◽  
Kathryn L. Schwertfeger ◽  
Tracy Vargo-Gogola ◽  
Jeffrey M. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 3

Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family and the FGF receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in mediating various aspects of mammary gland development and transformation. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of FGFR1 action in a context that mimics polarized epithelial cells, we have developed an in vitro three-dimensional HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cell culture model expressing a drug-inducible FGFR1 (iFGFR1). Using this conditional model, iFGFR1 activation in these growth-arrested and polarized mammary acini initially led to reinitiation of cell proliferation, increased survival of luminal cells, and loss of cell polarity, resulting in the disruption of acinar structures characterized by the absence of an empty lumen. iFGFR1 activation also resulted in a gain of invasive properties and the induction of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), causing the cleavage of E-cadherin and increased expression of smooth muscle actin and vimentin. The addition of a pan MMP inhibitor abolished these phenotypes but did not prevent the effects of iFGFR1 on cell proliferation or survival.

scholarly journals Self-Organogenesis from 2D Micropatterns to 3D Biomimetic Biliary Trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Gontran ◽  
Lorena Loarca ◽  
Cyrille El Khassis ◽  
Latifa Bouzhir ◽  
Dmitry Ayollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Biliary Duct ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Normal Rat

Background & Aims: Globally, liver diseases account for 2 million deaths per year. For those with advanced liver disease the only curative approach is liver transplantation. However, less than 10% of those in need get a liver transplant due to limited organ availability. To circumvent this challenge, there has been a great focus in generating a bioengineered liver. Despite its essential role in liver functions, a functional biliary system has not yet been developed. In this framework, exploration of epithelial cell self-organogenesis and microengineering-driven geometrical cell confinement allow to envision the bioengineering of a functional biomimetic intrahepatic biliary tract. Approach: Three-dimensional (3D) bile ducts were built in vitro by restricting cell adhesion to two-dimensional (2D) patterns to guide cell self-organization. Tree shapes mimicking the configuration of the human biliary system were micropatterned on glass slides, restricting cell attachment to these areas. Different tree geometries and culture conditions were explored to stimulate self-organogenesis of normal rat cholangiocytes (NRCs) used as a biliary cell model, either alone or in coculture with human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: Pre-seeding the micropatterns with HUVECs promoted luminogenesis with higher efficiency to yield functional branched biliary tubes. Lumen formation, apico-basal polarity, and preservation of the cholangiocyte phenotype were confirmed. Moreover, intact and functional biliary structures were detached from the micropatterns for further manipulation. Conclusion: This study presents physiologically relevant 3D biliary duct networks built in vitro from 2D micropatterns. This opens opportunities for investigating bile duct organogenesis, physiopathology, and drug testing.

scholarly journals Self-Organogenesis from 2D Micropatterns to 3D Biomimetic Biliary Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Emilie Gontran ◽  
Lorena Loarca ◽  
Cyrille El Kassis ◽  
Latifa Bouzhir ◽  
Dmitry Ayollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Biliary Duct ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Normal Rat

Background and Aims: Globally, liver diseases account for 2 million deaths per year. For those with advanced liver disease the only curative approach is liver transplantation. However, less than 10% of those in need get a liver transplant due to limited organ availability. To circumvent this challenge, there has been a great focus in generating a bioengineered liver. Despite its essential role in liver functions, a functional biliary system has not yet been developed. In this framework, exploration of epithelial cell self-organogenesis and microengineering-driven geometrical cell confinement allow to envision the bioengineering of a functional biomimetic intrahepatic biliary tract. Approach: three-dimensional (3D) bile ducts were built in vitro by restricting cell adhesion to two-dimensional (2D) patterns to guide cell self-organization. Tree shapes mimicking the configuration of the human biliary system were micropatterned on glass slides, restricting cell attachment to these areas. Different tree geometries and culture conditions were explored to stimulate self-organogenesis of normal rat cholangiocytes (NRCs) used as a biliary cell model, either alone or in co-culture with human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: Pre-seeding the micropatterns with HUVECs promoted luminogenesis with higher efficiency to yield functional branched biliary tubes. Lumen formation, apico-basal polarity, and preservation of the cholangiocyte phenotype were confirmed. Moreover, intact and functional biliary structures were detached from the micropatterns for further manipulation. Conclusion: This study presents physiologically relevant 3D biliary duct networks built in vitro from 2D micropatterns. This opens opportunities for investigating bile duct organogenesis, physiopathology, and drug testing.

scholarly journals Members of Prevotella Genus Distinctively Modulate Innate Immune and Barrier Functions in a Human Three-Dimensional Endometrial Epithelial Cell Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (12) ◽  
pp. 2082-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehra Esra Ilhan ◽  
Paweł Łaniewski ◽  
Adriana Tonachio ◽  
Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cell ◽  
Muc4 Expression ◽  
Prevotella Species ◽  
Endometrial Epithelium ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Prevotella species are commonly isolated from the reproductive tract of women with obstetric/gynecologic health complications. However, contributions of this genus to changes in local microenvironment are not well characterized. Our objective was to evaluate species-specific effects of Prevotella on the human endometrial epithelium. Methods Thirteen Prevotella strains, originally isolated from the human oral cavity, amniotic fluid, endometrium, or vagina (including women with bacterial vaginosis), were obtained from BEI and ATCC resources. Bacteria were evaluated in silico and in vitro using human endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) grown as monolayers or a 3-dimensional (3D) model. Results Genomic characterization illustrated metabolic and phylogenetic diversity of Prevotella genus. Among tested species, P. disiens exhibited cytotoxicity. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the 3D EEC model revealed species-specific colonization patterns and alterations of ultracellular structures. Infection with sialidase-producing P. timonensis resulted in elongated microvilli, and increased MUC3 and MUC4 expression. Infections with Prevotella species, including P. bivia, did not result in significant proinflammatory activation of EEC. Conclusions Collectively, findings indicate that Prevotella species are metabolically diverse and overall not cytotoxic or overtly inflammatory in EEC; however, these bacteria can form biofilms, alter barrier properties of the endometrial epithelium, and ultimately impact colonization of secondary colonizers.

THE CREATING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR MODELS TO SOLVE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN ONCOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-637
Author(s):  
Yelizaveta Prosekina ◽  
Anna Danilova ◽  
Tatyana Nekhaeva ◽  
Irina Baldueva
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Cell Modeling ◽  
Testing Potential ◽  
Biological Patterns ◽  
Dimensional Cell

A tumor is a multicomponent, spatially difficult organi-zated system, which is characterized by individual characteristics for each patient. In vitro cell model creating that is close in structure and properties to the natural tumor system will promotes to solving such practical and theoretical problems of modern oncology as identifying the biological patterns of tumor growth, the behavior of cells of the immune system, testing potential antitumor drugs, determining the effectiveness of methods chemo-, radio-, photodynamic, targeted and immunotherapy. Such model can be three-dimensional cellular structures - spheroids (tumoroids). The review presents data about the features of three-dimensional cell modeling, the characteristics of existing 3D models and their application in experimental and clinical studies.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

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