Smoking and early pregnancy thyroid hormone and antibody levels in euthyroid mothers of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986

AbstractThyroid hormone reference intervals are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy, and the dynamic change trend of thyroid hormones during pregnancy can assist clinicians to assess the thyroid function of pregnant women. This study aims to establish early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models and reference intervals for pregnant women. We established two derived databases: derived database* and derived database#. Reference individuals in database* were used to establish gestational age-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones and early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models for pregnant women. Individuals in database# were apparently healthy non-pregnant women. The thyroid hormones levels of individuals in database# were compared with that of individuals in database* using nonparametric methods and the comparative confidence interval method. The differences in thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine between early pregnant and non-pregnant women were statistically significant (p<0.0001). The reference intervals of thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine for early pregnant women were 0.052–3.393 μIU/ml, 1.01–1.54 ng/dl, and 2.51–3.66 pg/ml, respectively. Results concerning thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine reference intervals of early pregnancy are comparable with those from other studies using the same detection platform. Early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models showed various change patterns with gestational age for thyroid hormones. Early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models and reference intervals for pregnant women were established, so as to provide accurate and reliable reference basis for the diagnosing and monitoring of maternal thyroid disfunction in early pregnancy.

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Thyroid hormone as a biological amplifier of differentiated trophoblast function in early pregnancy

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1250058 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 58-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Takeshi Maruo ◽

Hiroya Matsuo ◽

Matsuto Mochizuki

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Aromatase Activity ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Stimulatory Action ◽

Endocrine Activity ◽

Estradiol 17Β

Abstract. Direct effects of T3 or T4 on the trophoblast function were investigated in vitro using an organ culture system of human placental tissues. Explants of trophoblastic tissues obtained from normal early and term placentas were cultured with or without graded doses of T3 or T4 for 5 days in a serum-free condition. Addition of T3 (10−8 mol/l) resulted in the maximum increase in daily secretion of progesterone, estradiol-17β as well as hCGα, hCGβ, hCG and hPL by cultured early placental tissues. Increases in progesterone and estradiol-17β secretion caused by the addition of T3 were further augmented in response to concomitant addition of pregnenolone and testosterone, respectively, suggesting that T3 (10−8 mol/l) enhances 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and aromatase activity in the placenta. These stimulatory effects of T3 (10−8 mol/l) on the trophoblast endocrine function were also found with the use of T4 (10−7 mol/l). Addition of higher or lower concentrations of T3 or T4 gave attenuated effects. These results suggest that the optimal concentration of thyroid hormone is needed for it to exert its maximally stimulatory action on trophoblast endocrine function. Unlike early placental tissues, cultured term placental tissues did not respond to the addition of T3 or T4 with increased endocrine activity. Thus, the frequent occurrence of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy during the state of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may represent a direct consequence of inadequate thyroid hormone availability at the level of placental trophoblasts, followed by diminished expression of trophoblast endocrine function.

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Iron-Related Factors in Early Pregnancy and Subsequent Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) Study

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-018-1595-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 191 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Beibei Zhu ◽

Chunmei Liang ◽

Xun Xia ◽

Kun Huang ◽

Shuangqin Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Related Factors ◽

Subsequent Risk

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Snus in pregnancy and infant birth size: a mother–child birth cohort study

ERJ Open Research ◽

10.1183/23120541.00255-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 00255-2019

Author(s):

Ina Kreyberg ◽

Katarina Hilde ◽

Karen Eline S. Bains ◽

Kai-Håkon Carlsen ◽

Berit Granum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Population Based ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Birth Size ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Child Birth ◽

Gestational Age At Birth ◽

Infant Birth

RationaleWhile recent studies show that maternal use of snus during pregnancy is increasing, the potential effects on infant birth size is less investigated, with conflicting results.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if maternal use of snus during pregnancy influences the infant anthropometric and proportional size measures at birth.MethodsIn 2313 mother–child pairs from the population-based, mother–child birth cohort PreventADALL (Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies) in Norway and Sweden, we assessed nicotine exposure by electronic questionnaire(s) at 18 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, and anthropometric measurements at birth. Associations between snus exposure and birth size outcomes were analysed by general linear regression.ResultsBirthweight was not significantly different in infants exposed to snus in general, and up to 18 weeks of pregnancy in particular, when adjusting for relevant confounders including maternal age, gestational age at birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, fetal sex and maternal gestational weight gain up to 18 weeks. We found no significant effect of snus use on the other anthropometric or proportional size measures in multivariable linear regression models. Most women stopped snus use in early pregnancy.ConclusionExposure to snus use in early pregnancy, with most women stopping when knowing about their pregnancy, was not associated with birth size. We were unable to conclude on effects of continued snus use during pregnancy because of lack of exposure in our cohort.

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Association between serum thallium in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Ma’anshan birth cohort study

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.12.011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Beibei Zhu ◽

Chunmei Liang ◽

Shuangqin Yan ◽

Zhijuan Li ◽

Kun Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Birth Cohort Study

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VDR Variants rather than Early Pregnancy Vitamin D Concentrations Are Associated with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes: The Ma’anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) Study

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/8313901 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beibei Zhu ◽

Kun Huang ◽

Shuangqin Yan ◽

Jiahu Hao ◽

Peng Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Interaction Model ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Vdr Gene ◽

Metabolic Gene

Aim. This study investigated the associations among early pregnancy vitamin D concentrations, seasonality, and vitamin D metabolic gene variants and how these variables related alone and in interaction with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. Research participants were women from the Ma’anshan birth cohort study in China. The overall study included 3110 women to explore the association between early pregnancy vitamin D concentrations and the risk of GDM. In the current analysis, a nested case-control study of 274 GDM cases and 380 controls was conducted to investigate seven vitamin D metabolic gene variants and the risk of GDM. Vitamin D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Genotypes were determined by improved multiple ligase detection reaction. Interactions between genetic variants and vitamin D as predictors of the risk of GDM were evaluated by a pair-wise analysis under a multiplicative interaction model. Results. Vitamin D concentrations were not significantly associated with the risk of GDM (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.55-1.13) after adjusting for seasonality. Fall-winter conceptions had a 37% decreased risk of GDM compared with spring-summer conceptions (OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.49-0.81), independent of vitamin D concentrations. Two VDR gene variants rs1544410 (OR=2.03, 95% CI=1.17-3.51 for CT versus CC) and rs731236 (OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.29-4.55 for GA versus AA) were significantly associated with the risk of GDM. No interactions among genetic variants and vitamin D concentrations were detected. Conclusion. Early pregnancy vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was not significantly associated with the risk of GDM. The results of this study emphasize the importance of genetic variants in VDR and conception season as factors that affect the risk of GDM.

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