Data Privacy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Cowhey ◽  
Jonathan D. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Political ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Privacy Risks ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The U.S

Chapter 8 lays out the political economic trade-offs in privacy protection designs and their implications for the types of privacy risks and constraints on innovations. To delve more deeply, it then contrasts the U.S. and EU approaches. This leads into an analysis of the protracted U.S.–EU disputes on privacy safeguards and the efforts to forge international agreements on privacy protection forged at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The most promising initiatives will require a significant role for global civil society in governance. The three issues examined in Part III are interlinked. A robust trade regime for the cloud ecosystem requires that common international understandings about cybersecurity and digital privacy also be developed. However, tidy grand bargains are unnecessary to make progress on these linked issues.

South Korea in 2004: Peninsular Flux

Asian Survey ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor D. Cha
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Global War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The U.S

The variables presaging fundamental change on the Korean Peninsula are many. This assessment of South Korea seeks to lay out the political, economic, and military events of 2004 and their relationship to South Korean grand strategy. It also seeks to analyze the linkages between Seoul's grand strategy and the U.S.-led global war on terror.

scholarly journals Voices of the Governed: towards a theory of the translocal

Organization ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Political ◽  
Market State ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Development State ◽  
Political Economic

In this article I want to interrogate the political, economic, and social conditions that enable the extraction of natural and mineral resources from Indigenous and rural communities in Africa, the Americas, and the Asia-Pacific. The end of direct colonialism and the emergence of the development state did not necessarily translate into forms of local sovereignty for these communities who bore the brunt of development. I describe the emergence of resource wars in the postcolonial era and how organizational technologies of extraction, exclusion and expulsion lead to dispossession and death. I conclude by discussing possibilities of resistance and develop the notion of translocal resistance where local actors most affected by development are able to forge a series of temporary coalitions with international and national groups in an attempt to promote some form of participatory democracy. The article advance debates on postcolonialism by developing theoretical insights from translocal modes of resistance that open up new analytical spaces marked by particular configurations of market, state and civil society actors.

Corporate Market and Nonmarket Strategies in Asia: A Conceptual Framework

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Currency Crises ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Political ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Firm Strategies ◽  
Positional Analysis ◽  
Nonmarket Strategies ◽  
Political Economic

Despite recent currency crises, most of the Asia-Pacific economies continue to be among the most attractive markets in the world and now appear to be recovering rapidly. An important element in understanding the dynamics of firm strategies in Asia is the nature of nonmarket strategies, which concern efforts to respond to and influence the political-economic-social environment. To examine such nonmarket strategies and how they fit with other firm tasks, this article first focuses on “positional analysis”—that is, how market forces, firm competencies, and the nonmarket environment influence the choice of trade, investment, or some mix, at the national, regional, or global level. It then considers the nature of “strategic analysis,” consisting of a firm's choices of market arena, a transaction cost analysis of organization forms for market penetration, and a distributive politics analysis of nonmarket issues. These factors combine to influence the firm's integrated strategic choice. Implementation of this choice is based on “tactical analysis” that focuses on the market, organizational, and nonmarket tactics that firms must pursue to succeed with their chosen strategy.

scholarly journals Privacy-preserving data sharing infrastructures for medical research: systematization and comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Nikolaus Wirth ◽  
Thierry Meurers ◽  
Marco Johns ◽  
Fabian Prasser
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Background Data sharing is considered a crucial part of modern medical research. Unfortunately, despite its advantages, it often faces obstacles, especially data privacy challenges. As a result, various approaches and infrastructures have been developed that aim to ensure that patients and research participants remain anonymous when data is shared. However, privacy protection typically comes at a cost, e.g. restrictions regarding the types of analyses that can be performed on shared data. What is lacking is a systematization making the trade-offs taken by different approaches transparent. The aim of the work described in this paper was to develop a systematization for the degree of privacy protection provided and the trade-offs taken by different data sharing methods. Based on this contribution, we categorized popular data sharing approaches and identified research gaps by analyzing combinations of promising properties and features that are not yet supported by existing approaches. Methods The systematization consists of different axes. Three axes relate to privacy protection aspects and were adopted from the popular Five Safes Framework: (1) safe data, addressing privacy at the input level, (2) safe settings, addressing privacy during shared processing, and (3) safe outputs, addressing privacy protection of analysis results. Three additional axes address the usefulness of approaches: (4) support for de-duplication, to enable the reconciliation of data belonging to the same individuals, (5) flexibility, to be able to adapt to different data analysis requirements, and (6) scalability, to maintain performance with increasing complexity of shared data or common analysis processes. Results Using the systematization, we identified three different categories of approaches: distributed data analyses, which exchange anonymous aggregated data, secure multi-party computation protocols, which exchange encrypted data, and data enclaves, which store pooled individual-level data in secure environments for access for analysis purposes. We identified important research gaps, including a lack of approaches enabling the de-duplication of horizontally distributed data or providing a high degree of flexibility. Conclusions There are fundamental differences between different data sharing approaches and several gaps in their functionality that may be interesting to investigate in future work. Our systematization can make the properties of privacy-preserving data sharing infrastructures more transparent and support decision makers and regulatory authorities with a better understanding of the trade-offs taken.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of a Small Group of Filipino Immigrants

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-141
Author(s):  
Karen Thomas-Brown ◽  
Annalie L. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Political ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Migrant Groups ◽  
The U.S

Demographers have forecasted that the U.S. is rapidly moving closer to becoming a majority-minority country, this fact and the politically divisive nature of recent debates and attempts at immigration reform have fostered increased conversations about citizenship, diversity, assimilation/s, and other im/ migration discourses. Often these dialogues surround boarder-crossings and the political, economic, and social implications of im/migration. One unfortunate outcome is frequently the perpetuation of stereotypes and the “othering” of many migrant groups to which this research offers a counter narrative. This counter narrative is built on the lived citizenship of a small group of Filipino im/migrants in the U.S. The paper demonstrates that—contextually—working abroad is common practice in the Philippines; this phenomenon is woven into the political, social, and economic jurisdictions of the country. This research fills one gap in im/migration studies as it chronicles the stories of these Filipino im/ migrants while examining their perceptions about their identity, sense of belonging, right to place, and the legitimacy of their citizenship socio-culturally. The paper places these and other narratives from this group of im/migrants within the theoretical framework of Critical Theory, hence offering a voice to a group of individuals not frequently heard in academia.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effectiveness of cooperation between China and the African Union within the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Rogozhina ◽  
Natal'ya Mikhailovna Morozova ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Solodovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
African Union ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Regional Interests ◽  
Humanitarian Work ◽  
The U.S

The authors study the cooperation between China and the African Union during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic within the Forum on China-Africa cooperation, and consider the peculiarities of relations between China and the African continent. The article studies China’s regional interests before and during the pandemic. Using the analysis of China’s humanitarian work in Africa and its comparison with the assistance of the U.S., Europe, and Russia, the authors detect the obvious interest of Beijing in the cooperation with the countries of the continent, and its urge to press the U.S.’s hegemony in Africa and strengthen China’s positions in the region through cooperation within the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation bypassing other global actors. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the analysis of cooperation between Beijing and the African continent in the context of the Forum on China-Africa in the coronavirus period. In the pre-COVID epoch, China’s activities in Africa, its political, economic and imperial ambitions have been actively studied; the economic, political and military perversion of China through the Forum on China-Africa, ASEAN, the Asia-Pacific Region and China’s initiatives like “One belt and one road” have been studied thoroughly. However, the assessment of the COVID period has become possible only recently when the results of new cooperation concepts became visible. The authors formulate the following conclusions. The effectiveness of cooperation between China and Africa in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic is still high and is further deepening. The Forum on China-Africa, in which each country of the African Union is represented and has a voting right on the equal basis with other member-states, plays a significant role in cooperation strengthening. The authors believe that it is early days yet to speak about China’ supremacy over the U.S. and Europe in Africa, but Beijing is moving in this direction.   

A Political Economy Model of a Research University

2009 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
K. Sonin ◽  
I. Khovanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Research University ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Optimal Incentives

Hiring decisions are typically made by committees members of which have different capacity to estimate the quality of candidates. Organizational structure and voting rules in the committees determine the incentives and strategies of applicants; thus, construction of a modern university requires a political structure that provides committee members and applicants with optimal incentives. The existing political-economic model of informative voting typically lacks any degree of variance in the organizational structure, while political-economic models of organization typically assume a parsimonious information structure. In this paper, we propose a simple framework to analyze trade-offs in optimal subdivision of universities into departments and subdepartments, and allocation of political power.

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