A Political Economy Model of a Research University

2009 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
K. Sonin ◽  
I. Khovanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Research University ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Optimal Incentives

Hiring decisions are typically made by committees members of which have different capacity to estimate the quality of candidates. Organizational structure and voting rules in the committees determine the incentives and strategies of applicants; thus, construction of a modern university requires a political structure that provides committee members and applicants with optimal incentives. The existing political-economic model of informative voting typically lacks any degree of variance in the organizational structure, while political-economic models of organization typically assume a parsimonious information structure. In this paper, we propose a simple framework to analyze trade-offs in optimal subdivision of universities into departments and subdepartments, and allocation of political power.

Elementy współpracy polskich Wojsk Specjalnych i polskiego kontrwywiadu wojskowego w operacjach typu COIN. Casus Afganistanu

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Machniak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Local People ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Efficiency Criterion ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Political Economic

A COIN operation involves both insurgents and local people. Its main goal is to neutralize all conditions enabling the development of insurgent movements or conducive to their development. In COIN operations, the basic efficiency criterion is the destruction or significant reduction of the opponent’s effectiveness and its ability to use local people for its own purposes. Military counterintelligence is responsible for analyzing the capabilities and organizational structure of the enemy’s reconnaissance system, including terrorist organizations or rebels, and planning undertakings that neutralize enemy activities, achieved, among others by recognizing its capabilities and taking remedial action on this basis. Anti-partisan operations constitute a coordinated effort to combat guerrilla activities in the theatre of war of a varied military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and social character, aimed against insurgents and against their impact on the state and the society.

Political Finance Reforms: How to respond to today’s policy challenges?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiko Hamada ◽  
Khushbu Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Finance ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

Money is a necessary component of any democracy: it enables political participation, campaigning and representation. However, if it is not effectively regulated, it can undermine the integrity of political processes and institutions, and jeopardize the quality of democracy. Therefore, regulations related to the funding of political parties and election campaigns, commonly known as political finance, are a critical way to promote integrity, transparency and accountability in any democracy. Political finance regulations must adapt and adjust to political, economic and societal changes. This report contributes to the discussion of the future of political finance by exploring the following trends, opportunities and challenges related to money in politics that need to be taken into consideration when improving political finance systems: • mainstreaming political finance regulations into an overall anti-corruption framework; • supporting the implementation of existing political finance regulations and monitoring their performance; • harnessing digital technologies to ensure transparency and accountability in political finance; and • designing targeted political finance measures to encourage the inclusion of underrepresented groups in politics.

scholarly journals Characterizing Color Quality, Damage to Artwork, and Light Intensity of Multi-Primary LEDs for Museums

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Dorukalp Durmus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Trade Offs

Light causes damage when it is absorbed by sensitive artwork, such as oil paintings. However, light is needed to initiate vision and display artwork. The dilemma between visibility and damage, coupled with the inverse relationship between color quality and energy efficiency, poses a challenge for curators, conservators, and lighting designers in identifying optimal light sources. Multi-primary LEDs can provide great flexibility in terms of color quality, damage reduction, and energy efficiency for artwork illumination. However, there are no established metrics that quantify the output variability or highlight the trade-offs between different metrics. Here, various metrics related to museum lighting (damage, the color quality of paintings, illuminance, luminous efficacy of radiation) are analyzed using a voxelated 3-D volume. The continuous data in each dimension of the 3-D volume are converted to discrete data by identifying a significant minimum value (unit voxel). Resulting discretized 3-D volumes display the trade-offs between selected measures. It is possible to quantify the volume of the graph by summing unique voxels, which enables comparison of the performance of different light sources. The proposed representation model can be used for individual pigments or paintings with numerous pigments. The proposed method can be the foundation of a damage appearance model (DAM).

Improving the quality of disaggregated SDG indicators with cluster information for small area estimates

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-961
Author(s):  
Rizky Zulkarnain ◽  
Dwi Jayanti ◽  
Tri Listianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Research University ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
District Level ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Associate Dean ◽  
Development Goals

The increasing needs for more disaggregated data motivates National Statistical Offices (NSOs) to develop efficient methods for producing official statistics without compromising on quality. In Indonesia, regional autonomy requires that Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators are available up to the district level. However, several surveys such as the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey produce estimates up to the provincial level only. This generates gaps in support for district level policies. Small area estimation (SAE) techniques are often considered as alternatives for overcoming this issue. SAE enables more reliable estimation of the small areas by utilizing auxiliary information from other sources. However, the standard SAE approach has limitations in estimating non-sampled areas. This paper introduces an approach to estimating the non-sampled area random effect by utilizing cluster information. This model is demonstrated via the estimation of contraception prevalence rates at district levels in North Sumatera province. The results showed that small area estimates considering cluster information (SAE-cluster) produce more precise estimates than the direct method. The SAE-cluster approach revises the direct estimates upward or downward. This approach has important implications for improving the quality of disaggregated SDGs indicators without increasing cost. The paper was prepared under the kind mentorship of Professor James J. Cochran, Associate Dean for Research, Prof. of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Alabama.

scholarly journals Public Administration and Governance for the SDGs: Navigating between Change and Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5914
Author(s):  
Louis Meuleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Research And Policy

This article highlights four key reform challenges regarding the quality of public administration and governance (PAG), aimed at increasing ‘SDG-readiness’ at all levels of administration, in a nexus characterized by complexity, volatility, pluriformity and uncertainty. Based on others’ research into how EU Member States institutionalize the implementation of the SDGs, a critical review of SDG-governance approaches, as well as a review paper on the management of the SDGs, it is concluded that that four priority areas could guide research and policy development to accelerate implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Firstly, to recognize that creating an effective public administration and governance is an important strategic policy area. Secondly, to begin with mission-oriented public administration and governance reform for SDG implementation, replacing the efficiency-driven public sector reform of the past decades. Thirdly, to apply culturally sensitive metagovernance to design, define and manage trade-offs and achieving synergies between SDGs and their targets. Fourthly, to start concerted efforts to improve policy coherence with a mindset beyond political, institutional, and mental ‘silos’.

METHODOLOGY FOR CHOOSING THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2003-2012
Author(s):  
O.V. Karpets ◽  
◽  
A.V. Sinitsyn ◽  
A.V. Firsova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This article discusses the problem of choosing the correct and effective organizational structure of enterprise management for its correct functioning. The existing types of organizational structures of enterprise management, which are used in practice today, are analyzed, and their positive, negative sides and the type of enterprises for which they can be used are revealed. Along with this, this article discusses and describes methods for choosing an organizational structure for an enterprise. Also, during the study, internal and external factors were identified that affect the choice of an organizational structure. Based on the analysis, a methodology for choosing the most effective type of organizational structure for enterprises was drawn up. The question of choosing an organizational structure is acute for every manager at the very beginning of the operation of an enterprise, because the quality of performance of functions, both of individual divisions and of the entire enterprise as a whole, directly depends on this. Among many types of organizational structures in this study, the types of organizational structures that are most adaptable to changes in external and internal factors are identified. This study provides methods and tools for selecting the appropriate organizational structure for any enterprise. At the moment, some methods, be it goal structuring or computer modeling, are not widely used, which in turn makes it difficult to choose an effective organizational structure for enterprise management. The choice of an effective organizational structure is an extremely urgent problem today for every entrepreneur, who is interested in the stable economic activity of his or her enterprise.

Alternatives to solve SDG trade-offs and to enforce SDG synergies: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Boar ◽  
Erola Palau Pinyana ◽  
Marc Oliveras-Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs

PurposeThis paper takes a critical view of synergies and trade-offs and discloses the practices that countries and companies should apply to achieve sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachThis paper offers a systematic literature review of 408 papers to find models of sustainable development goals (SDGs) interaction with the aim of shedding light on the existing synergies and trade-offs and finding solutions to enhance these synergies and minimize the trade-offs.FindingsBoth rich and developing countries should follow multiple strategies to improve the quality of life of their citizens. Developing countries should focus on eradicating poverty. Rich countries should apply new economic models that are more likely to be environmental-friendly. Finally, the topic of SDGs should be revisited by the United Nations.Practical implicationsBoosting the quality of education and providing clean energy are two of the most relevant actions that should to be taken by countries, as they will accelerate the fulfilment of all the other SDGs. The use of circular economic models or new business models, such as the sharing economy, is essential to the achievement of sustained economic growth without negative environmental impact.Originality/valueThe paper analyzes SDG interactions and offers a critical vision of practices that countries and companies should adhere to for achieving sustainable development.

Growing controversy over “wise international water governance”

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
J.M. Trondalen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
External Power ◽  
International Water ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
Political Economic

This article takes the perspective that when political relationships are strained, there seem to be few examples of wise international water resources governance. The Middle East is a striking example. Much effort has been put into policy development and the design of international principles, but very little into the translation of those into concrete and lasting governance. One of the theses of the article is that politics - whether domestic or international- in most cases overrides these principles and standards. Moreover ready-made regional co-operation models of water managements are not directly applicable to every geographical, political, economic and social setting. Certain factors are often under-estimated in international water negotiations, such as:• the complexity of any hydro-political negotiations, and need to develop commonly accepted standards;• the difficulty of translating policy - either politically or legally - into an operational and realistic negotiations strategy;• the format of the procedures and meetings;• recognition that third parties should have a long-term perspective on any conflict they get involved in.With reservations, the lessons learned indicate that the following factors have an impact on grid locked situations, such as: new substantive information; new trade-offs between the parties; and changed political climate or relationship with external power-brokers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document