The European Union Space Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Sigalas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Space Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Space Programs ◽  
The Eu

The European Union Space Policy (EUSP) is one of the lesser known and, consequently, little understood policies of the European Union (EU). Although the EU added outer space as one of its competences in 2009 with the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, the EUSP roots go back decades earlier.Officially at least, there is no EUSP as such, but rather a European Space Policy (ESP). The ESP combines in principle space programs and competences that cut across three levels of governance: the supranational (EU), the international (intergovernmental), and the national. However, since the EU acquired treaty competences on outer space, it is clear that a nascent EUSP has emerged, even if no one yet dares calling it by its name.Currently, three EU space programs stand out: Galileo, Copernicus, and EGNOS. Galileo is probably the better known and more controversial of the three. Meant to secure European independence from the U.S. global positioning system by putting in orbit a constellation of European satellites, Galileo has been plagued by several problems. One of them was the collapse of the public–private partnership funding scheme in 2006, which nearly killed it. However, instead of marking the end of EUSP, the termination of the public–private partnership served as a catalyst in its favor. Furthermore, research findings indicate that the European Parliament envisioned an EUSP long before the European Commission published its first communication in this regard. This is a surprising yet highly interesting finding because it highlights the fact that in addition to the Commission or the European Court of Justice, the European Parliament is a thus far neglected policy entrepreneur. Overall, the development of the EUSP is an almost ideal case study of European integration by stealth, largely in line with the main principles of two related European integration theories: neofunctionalism and historical institutionalism.Since EUSP is a relatively new policy, the existing academic literature on this policy is also limited. This has also to do with the degree of public interest in outer space in general. Outer space’s popularity reached its heyday during the Cold War era. Today space, in Europe and in other continents, has to compete harder than ever for public attention and investment. Still, research on European space cooperation is growing, and there are reasons to be optimistic about its future.

scholarly journals The new European Union space policy in order to maintain Europe’s position among space leaders

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Piotr Kolczynski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Space Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Right

This paper analyzes the current EU space strategy and confronts it with existing global challenges in the space sector. The ultimate aim of this research is to recommend a well-adjusted space policy for the European Commission to ensure effective and sustainable exploration and use of outer space for the benefit of all EU member-states. In order to draft the most efficient space policy, the uniqueness of Europe’s space sector is studied. This paper argues that the EU space policy has to focus on guaranteeing European autonomy in access and use of outer space. The author extensively analyzes the challenges and opportunities related to dynamic development of private space sector’s activities. Emphasis is made on the significance of symbiotic cooperation between the public institutions and private companies regarding mutual benefits. The paper concludes that it is the right time for the European Union to build a bold and prospective space policy.

scholarly journals Communicating European Archives: Challenges, Strategies and Tools

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Dieter Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
The Eu

This article outlines the insights gained during the establishment of a communications strategy for the Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU) in Florence. The article reflects on how key messages of a unique transnational European archives are construed from its mission, legal framework and in close collaboration with EU institutional archives services. It also sheds light on how to identify a specific European target audience for the Archives and other key elements of a communications strategy for a European archives.The HAEU is the official home for the historical documents of the European Union Institutions, Bodies and Agencies. It is part of the European University Institute, a unique academic hub for doctoral and post-doctoral European studies. It houses, at Villa Salviati in Florence, seven kilometres of paper and digital archives as well as rich audio-visual and oral history collections documenting the historical process of European integration and cooperation. The EU-institutional archives are made accessible to the public after 30 years.The HAEU also hosts 160 deposits of private papers from eminent European political leaders, EU officials and pioneers in the European integration process, and a unique collection of archives of pro-Eu-ropean movements and non-EU organisations with a European scope, such as the European Space Agen-cy and the European Free Trade Association.

In Search of Acceptance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Grimm
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Eu

This chapter argues that the European Union suffers from a legitimacy deficit and explains how it can gain acceptance from its citizens. In the beginning, there were good reasons for European integration. Approval was high, but that high approval has been lost. With respect to integration, the 1992 Maastricht Treaty marked the beginning of the EU’s weak acceptance. In the long run it fostered the spread of anti-European political parties. This chapter considers the various proposals aimed at bringing the EU closer to its citizens, including a full parliamentarization of the EU, before making its own recommendations: first, the European Parliament must be brought closer to the public; second, there must be clearer limits on communalization; and third, decisions with significant political implications must be re-politicized. The point is not to abandon constitutionalization, but to draw proper conclusions from the constitutionalization that has already taken place.

scholarly journals The Historical Archives of the European Union in Florence: Research in a Multilingual and Transnational Archives

Atlanti ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Dieter Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Eu

The Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU) is a centre dedicated to the archival preservation and research on the history of European integration. In close cooperation with the Archives services of the EU Institutions, the HAEU preserves and make available to research the archival holdings of EU Institutions. Also, the Archives promotes research on the history of the EU Institutions, raises the public interest in the process of European integration and increases transparency in the EU Institutions’ work. Established following a decision by the European Communities in 1983 to open their historical archives to the public, the HAEU opened its doors in 1986. As part of the European University Institute, it is located in the historic Villa Salviati in Florence, Italy. The internet era and the modern information society have profoundly changed the research behaviour at the HAEU, in particular due to its unique character as transnational and multi-lingual archives. As central access point to EU institutional archives it is part of a network of more than 50 EU Institutions, Bodies and Agencies and seeks to respond, in close collaboration with its partners, to the challenges of the digital age. This paper outlines some key projects in terms of coping with research in an online archival database, the necessity to standardise and harmonise archival description, the added value of standardised vocabularies and the digitisation and online publication of paper archives.

Public-Private Partnership in the Agriculture of Russia and the European Union: Economic Problems and Prospects for Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Nikolai Ivanovich KUZNETSOV ◽  
Nadezhda Viktorovna UKOLOVA ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich MONAKHOV ◽  
Juliya Anatolyevna SHIKHANOVA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
The Eu

The authors of the article explore the specifics of the development of public-private partnership in the economy of Russia and the countries of the European Union. In the study, the authors identified the factors that affect the development of public-private partnerships in nowaday conditions. The authors’ interpretation of the concept of ‘public-private partnership’ is given in the article, the features of its use in agriculture are analyzed. The experience of development of public-private partnership in the EU countries and Russia is considered. The study presents extensive statistical material that characterizes the level of PPP development in the EU and Russia. The successful experience of using the PPP mechanism in the Russian agriculture is presented. The authors outline the priorities for the development of public-private partnership in Russia and the EU. The conclusion is made about the need for active development of PPP in the agriculture of Russia, the development directions in the EU are defined.

THE МEANING OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Sandra Risteska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Each country strives for growing economic development, but no country is able to implement it. Various experiences and projects from the countries of the European Union and other neighboring countries are taken and considered. Towards the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, economic movements are increasingly relying on public-private partnerships, which can lead to a rapid development process through the financing of infrastructure projects. Economic globalization, as well as the emergence of new opportunities for economic activity in the world, are aimed at cooperation of the authorities and businesses in the realization of the socio-economic policies. The implementation and realization of development projects through public-private partnerships is impossible without participation by the relevant institutions of the public and private sector. Above all, direct participation implies expertise, experience and education. Every project that will be realized through various forms of public-private partnership must fulfill certain conditions. Among the conditions for proper implementation of the project are: dialogue, transparency and monitoring. The main feature of PPP is the transfer of the risk to the financing, efficiency and quality of public services, which are usually the burden of the private partner. This paper analyzes and explores the essence of public-private partnership. The conceptual framework for public-private partnership, as well as its strengths and weaknesses, is set. With the application of PPP, the economic development of the infrastructure as a whole, and in particular the development of local infrastructure, is analyzed. The origin of PPPs, its characteristics, as well as the need and importance for their continuous implementation are explained. The application of PPP is considered through the experiences in certain countries of the European Union and the Republic of Macedonia. Then, the responses to previously hypothesized hypotheses are collected: what is the successful implementation of PPP, what is needed for PPPs and why. In the end, the data from the conducted research are collected, analyzed and determined the profile of certain activities, as well as the possible decisions for further strategies for the implementation of the PPPs.

'Poland Has Always Been in Europe'

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marysia Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
Meaningful Engagement ◽  
Global Imaginary ◽  
European Union Studies ◽  
The Eu ◽  
National Borders

The paper explores ways in which individuals make use of the opportunities and resources provided by the European Union (EU), and how such instrumentalities can make the concept of Europe more salient for citizens. This is important to European Union studies generally because careful observation and analysis of everyday engagements can help to reveal the basis upon which the EU gains legitimacy, or, alternatively, the grounds for resistance to further integration. Through an examination of Poles' experiences of mobility, and their reflections about crossing national borders to work and travel, the paper shows that instrumentality is not just motivated by economic interests, but also by the desire to advance culturally, socially and symbolically within a global imaginary of hierarchically ranked nations. As such, support for European integration tends to weaken in situations where ongoing inequalities and exclusions lead to perceptions of social demotion. Further, instrumentalities can deepen meaningful engagement with the EU in ways that also reassert national loyalties.

scholarly journals State industrial policy in conditions European integration of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Valeriі Rіeznikov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Market Surveillance ◽  
Mutual Recognition Agreement ◽  
The Eu

Since the beginning of 2020, there have been crisis phenomena around the world due to the global slowdown in economic growth and the introduction of quarantine due to the coronavirus pandemic. In this situation, the most vulnerable are developing countries with a small margin of safety, which, unfortunately, also applies to Ukraine, whose economy is open and highly dependent on external markets. Due to the slowdown in the growth of the global economy, the situation in one of the main export industries of Ukraine – industry is deteriorating first of all. The European Union has become one of the important export markets for Ukraine’s industrial products in recent years, which has raised the issue of shaping a relevant state industrial policy in today’s challenging environment. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of formation and implementation of state industrial policy in the conditions of European integration of Ukraine in modern conditions. In 2020, due to the economic crisis and the pandemic of the coronavirus, the Ukrainian industry may lose even more due to low demand for ferrous metals in world markets, including in EU countries. The Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance of Industrial Products is a way of eliminating technical barriers to trade between Ukraine and the EU. The Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance of Industrial Products is a type of mutual recognition agreement that requires a partner country to align its legislation, practices and infrastructure with EU rules.It is envisaged that in the sectors covered by this Agreement, Ukrainian exporters will be able to label their products with the CE mark and to sell them freely on the EU market without additional EU certification. Potentially, the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance of Industrial Products could cover up to a fifth of Ukraine’s exports to the EU, notably mechanical engineering products. The formation and implementation of state industrial policy in the conditions of European integration of Ukraine should take place using the following algorithm:1. Study of the new EU Regulation 2019/1020 of 20.06.2019 on market surveillance and conformity of products and elaboration of relevant amendments to the legislation of Ukraine.2. Concentration of the function of legal coordination of draft regulatory acts (including technical regulations) aimed at implementing the Association Agreement and preparation for the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance of Industrial Products in one state instance, equipped with specialized personnel with adequate knowledge of EU law and languages.3. Strengthening the requirements for the accreditation and oversight process for accredited bodies, as well as the process of designating and monitoring conformity assessment bodies to ensure that their technical competence is adequate and to prevent fraud and the use of fraudulent practices.4. In the absence of a rapid prospect of concluding an Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance of Industrial Products, the harmonization of procedures and requirements that are too burdensome for exporters and importers, first and foremost.5. Paying particular attention to capacity building of state market surveillance authorities.6. Raising awareness of business entities and enhancing the role of business associations in raising such awareness.7. Increasing the EU’s interest in providing Ukraine with effective technical assistance for the development of legislation and the proper functioning of quality infrastructure and market surveillance authorities. Introduce the position of Deputy Prime Minister for Industry and launch support programs for the real economy. Thus, Ukraine’s further integration with the European Union is largely linked to the formulation and implementation of relevant industrial policy, which should be to continue reforming all sectors of the economy, in particular, to modernize the industrial complex. And the signing of the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance of Industrial Products in the three priority sectors («industrial visa waiver») in the medium term should become one of the main foreign economic priorities of Ukraine’s European integration in the face of the current challenges of today.

scholarly journals Why Europe Does not Need a Constitution: On the Limits of Constituent Power as a Tool for Democratization

Res Publica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliénor Ballangé
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constituent Power ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Cautious Approach ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn this article, I question the use of the notion of ‘constituent power’ as a tool for the democratization of the European Union (EU). Rather than seeing the absence of a transnational constituent power as a cause of the EU’s ‘democratic deficit’, I identify it as an opportunity for unfettered democratic participation. Against the reification of power-in-action into a power-constituted-in-law, I argue that the democratization of the EU can only be achieved through the multiplication of ‘constituent moments’. I begin by deconstructing the normative justifications surrounding the concept of constituent power. Here I analyze the structural aporia of constituent power and question the autonomous and emancipatory dimension of this notion. I then test the theoretical hypothesis of this structural aporia of the popular constituent power by comparing it with the historical experiments of a European popular constituent power. Finally, based on these theoretical and empirical observations, I propose to replace the ambivalence of the concept of popular constituent power with a more cautious approach to the bottom-up democratization of European integration: that of a multiplication of transnational constituent moments.

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