Communicative Competences of Civil Servants in Service State

The purpose of the paper is to specify the definition of communicative competence, civil servant essential to the service (customer-centered) state and methods of their formation. The authors analyze the scientific views as well as the advanced international and Russian experience of forming a customer-oriented communicative competence in the governmental agencies and business structures. It was revealed that the new communicative competence of the public officer is related to the providing of public services and expressed by the skills to identify and fulfill the needs of citizens in direct contact with them. The emotional and digital competencies are emphasized. The latter is expressed in the skill of consulting citizens with the newest digital technologies in front offices. The authors found that in foreign experience the formation of communicative competence is carried out largely by activity methods – in the workplace in real practice, whyle in Russia – by simulation methods that only imitate real conditions.

Influence of Legal Framework on Recruitment and Selection in Service State Corporations in Kenya

Retaining quality workers is challenging as a result of recent phenomena such as skills shortages, employee mobility and the expected retirement of baby boomers in the near future. These phenomena negatively affect organizations’ ability to create and maintain their competitive advantage in the labour market. Hiring the right persons requires legislation like employment equity which must be fulfilled and the survival of an organization usually depends on the caliber of its employees. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the influence legal framework has on recruitment and selection in service oriented State Corporation in Kenya. The study employed a descriptive cross sectional type of research design that enabled investigation of the various factors that influence recruitment and selection. The target sample was 154 executives of Service State Corporation in Kenya. A stratified random sampling technique was used to achieve desired representation. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. To analyze the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Statistical software used was SPSS version 20. Regression analysis between legal framework and recruitment and selection revealed a coefficient of determination (R squared) of 0.733, implying that legal framework accounts for 73.3% of the variation in recruitment and selection of employees in Service State Corporation in Kenya. The findings also revealed a positive and significant relationship between legal framework and recruitment and selection in Service State Corporations in Kenya (β=.872, p=.000<.05). The study concludes that legal framework has significant positive influence on recruitment and selection, then proper measured should be put in place on improving legal framework for proper recruitment and selection process to take place. The study recommends that the Kenyan government should enact policies that promote recruitment and selection which would in turn promote employee retention. The policy makers should enact polices that promote talent management aspects in state corporations in Kenya in order to ensure sustainable employee retention a good leadership and competitive advantage. Keywords: Legal Framework, Government policy and practice, Rules and regulations, Acts of parliaments, Recruitment and selection

Awarding Law Enforcement Officers of Soviet Republics During the Civil War in Russia (1917–1922)

This article analyses the practice of awarding law enforcement bodies during the Civil War in Russia. The abolition of awards of the Russian Empire in 1917 resulted in the need to establish a new award system simultaneously with the creation of law enforcement structures in the Soviet republics. The study is based on historical method, objectivity and systematic approach. To process quantitative data, the author used statistical analysis for calculating the results obtained by means of continuous sampling. On the basis of archive materials, published sources and memoirs, it is concluded that the award systems established in the Soviet republics were similar in many respects. With the RSFSR serving as a model, the other republics developed their own awards by analogy. During the Civil War, a significant award arsenal was created, which had both individual and collective status. Law enforcement officers were presented with republican awards as well as departmental decorations. The former were given by the republic’s highest authorities, while the latter by the command authorities of the Cheka–Internal Service–State Political Directorate. The analysis of the award practice indicates that the highest republican awards – orders – were used very rarely to distinguish law enforcement officers. The most common types of employee rewards were valuable gifts, certificates of acknowledgement, as well as material bonuses. The units of the Cheka–Internal Service–State Political Directorate were awarded with revolutionary banners, certificates of acknowledgement, and honorary names. The author concludes that the award system of law enforcement bodies was similar to that of the Armed Forces. The provisions of the established awards did not cover the service of Chekists and policemen. In order to stimulate the work of law enforcement bodies, special awards were introduced. However, their use began only after the formation of the USSR.

Concepts and signs of public administration

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept in the signs of public administration. It was found that the transition from the state-centric paradigm of state administration to the concept of a service state led to the renewal of the conceptual apparatus of administrative law. There was a need to substantiate the essence and characteristics of public administration, with the help of which the goals of the existence of a service state are realized.It is substantiated that the category “public administration” occupies an important place in modern scientific research. Scientists of public administration are mainly considered as: a) a way of realizing public interest as the interest of a certain social community, united within the territory of the state; b) as a mechanism for the implemen-tation of state policy; c) as the activity of public authorities (or state bodies and local self-government bodies) aimed at achieving socially important goals.It has been established that the definition of the concept of “public administration” in a broad sense depends to a certain extent on the level of development of democratic relations in society. If the state is characterized as democratic, then public administration can be defined as professional, paid, funded from the state and local budgets, the activities of state bodies and local self-government bodies, their officials, aimed at ensuring the rights, needs and interests of man and citizen, civil society, subjects objects of entrepreneurial activity and other participants in public relations within the framework of a unified state (public) policy. In a narrow, technocratic, understanding, public administration of any state can be considered as a set of actions of state-authorized bodies and their officials aimed at implementing public policy measures in all spheres of society.It has been proved that the signs of public administration are: a) the relationship between the direction of actions of persons directly carrying out public administration measures and state (public) policy; b) the professional nature of public administration; c) detailed legal regulation of most of the public administration activities; d) the presence of a distribution of competence between various subjects of public administration in order to avoid duplication of their functions.

Citizens’ content with the quality of public and municipal services rendered in multifunctional centers based on the online reviews

Citizens&rsquo; content with the quality and availability of the rendered public services is the key criterion for the efficiency of the service state. Satisfaction assessment is conducted through monitoring services using sociological surveys and &ldquo;Your Control&rdquo; platform. For revealing the customer&rsquo;s experience, the article offers to use opinions posted by the citizens on the independent websites for customer reviews. The subjective opinions of the customers about the conditions and nature of rendering services gives additional information on the problems faced by citizens in the process of receiving services in multifunctional centers would broaden the knowledge on the appropriate service from the perspective of customer expectations, as well as use the acquired information for quality control in the public sphere. Research methodology employs analytical and comparative methods, summary of customer reviews posted on the websites. This article is first to introduce the new type of source for assessing citizens&rsquo; content with the quality of rendered public services. The problematic areas in rendering public services in multifunctional centers are determined. The need is substantiated for further search of the methods to increase citizens&rsquo; satisfaction and efficiency of rendering public and municipal services. The acquired results of can be used in the activity of executive branches, local administrations, and multifunctional centers that provide public and municipal services.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF MARITIME ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND DECISIONS

The article characterizes the current state and problematic aspects of public administration of maritime and related port activities in Ukraine. The urgency of the issue is due to the ongoing crisis in the legal and administrative regulation of these areas. The aim of the article is to establish optimal models and tools for constructing a new system of public administration of the maritime industry, taking into account international standards and best practices. The methodological basis of the research is formed by a system of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific research (historical, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction and forecasting). The article draws special attention to the fact that the declared revival and maintenance of the status of Ukraine as a maritime state, the development of its maritime trade and naval potential can not occur only due to situational changes in response to crisis events or to accelerate the decision of problems which have not been resolved for decades. Here, a different, systemic approach to both legal regulation and the practice of implementing the adopted legal norms should be introduced, a new approach to public administration of the entire industry. The author classifies measures to overcome the port crisis in Ukraine into financial, infrastructural and operational ones. It is proposed to repurpose the legal regulation and law enforcement practices to support public sector entities and seafarers-citizens of Ukraine, as well as to simplify formalities in the ports of Ukraine. The relevance of the concepts of anthropocentrism, service state and “good governance”, taking into account risk management systems at all levels for the modernization of public administration of maritime and port activities in Ukraine, is emphasized. The priority is to analyze the steps taken and systematically update the current maritime and port legislation using a “package” approach to its development. This approach enables to ensure that the interests of most maritime and port stakeholders and the state are taken into account and balanced.

The concept and features of customs and service relations

Problem setting. In the article the authors analyse сustoms legal relations as one of the types of legal relations which have exclusive value in the field of implementation of public administration by customs bodies and observance of legality in our state. And although this type of legal relationship is only at the stage of formation and development, the study of this issue is becoming increasingly important, as in many developed countries «a service state» has already been formed, and it is one of the indicators of economic development of such a country. Target of research. The purpose of the study is analysis and study of such a special type of customs relations as customs and service relations, highlighting their main features. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The following scientists studied the issues of administrative and legal regulation of public service activities in Ukraine: Averyanov V. B., Kurylo V. I., Shopin I. M., Komzyuk A. T., Gaponyuk O. O., Zhuravel Y. V. and others. Article’s main body. Development of Ukraine as a service state involves the emergence of new types of legal relations. In particular, the emergence of customs and service relations is due to the fact that the customs policy of our country is going through processes of modernization and approximation to the standards of leading European countries. Customs policy is implemented by the system of executive authorities in accordance with sectoral competence, in exercising their powers, they should take into account that in the service state, the executive authorities must first ensure the implementation of the rights of citizens and representatives of foreign economic activity. At the same time, the direction of activity should change, as in the new type of state the customs authorities should provide not so much a control as a service function. Public service activities in the customs sphere are the activities of customs authorities in the field of public administration, related to the provision and realization of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals, which is carried out by providing services to such persons. Customs and service relations are legal relations that arise in connection with the exercise of their powers by the customs authorities, in particular, when they provide services at the request of the consumer of service services, which are governed by customs legislation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The issue of customs relations in general is not sufficiently studied in our country. This indicates the relevance and prospects of its study. In order to effectively implement and develop a service state, it is necessary to enshrine at the legislative level the concept of development of such a state. In this concept it is necessary to fix step by step, what reforms need to be carried out, what changes to introduce in the legislation, what institutes to implement and so on. This concept will help to create a truly service state in our country, focused on ensuring the rights and freedoms of individuals.

DOCTRINAL DEFINITIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF "PUBLIC SERVICES"

The article deals with the doctrinal approaches to the definition of "public services". The legal nature of the concept is determined and its definition is formulated. The author analyzes the current state of functioning of these services. The current legislation concerning the definition of "public service", "state service", and "administrative service" is investigated. The theoretical developments on the essence of the concepts "service", "public service", and "administrative service" are considered. Public services are a comprehensive and multifaceted phenomenon; they can be examined as welfare services, functions, legal relations, process, object of rights, market. Public services are considered as an activity performing a set of relationships that are implemented in the provision of public services. Public service is a mandatory law enforcement activity, legally established, which refers to the powers of the competent state executive bodies, aimed at exercising the rights or legitimate interests of the individual and legal entity that initiated it, financed from the relevant budget. The purpose of the doctrinal definition of the concept of "public services" will not be implemented effectively if the scientific study of key and related issues of the problem is not elaborated. Since the amendments to the legislation are significant and unquestionable, in the future it is advisable to establish the administrative and legal basis of public services that are not administrative, in the form of a special law. The content of the law shall include the concept of public services that can be formulated by distinguishing between types of publicly significant activities based on the mechanisms of organization of service provision; the composition of participants in legal relations; the recognition of the subjective public right of individuals to receive public services; principles of public services.