Indigenous Men in the Argentine Military

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Indigenous Nations ◽  
Chaco Region ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

In Argentina, tensions between the military and Indigenous People have been present since the formation of the nation-state in the late 19th century. During the so-called “Campañas al desierto” (Desert Campaigns), when the Argentine military occupied the northern and southern sovereign Indigenous territories, Indigenous Nations were seen as the main opponents to the military project of building a civilized nation. The confrontation between the military and Indigenous nations were seen as the main opponents to a civilized nation. Against analysis that regards relations between the military and Indigenous People as inherently violent, a new line in historiographical studies traces too the trajectories of Indigenous troops joining the military. The 19th-century relations between the military and Indigenous People were therefore more complex than an opposition between contrary nations. During the colonization of Indigenous lands in Pampa and Patagonia region to the south and in the Chaco region to the north west, Indigenous groups were both enemies and allies and necessary for the success of the nation-state’s advance. Within these alliances and relations of proximity, military officers produced a specific racialization of Indigenous bodies related to positive perceptions of them as strong and skillful soldiers. These sets of ideas, present in military memoirs in the 19th century, re-emerge in how Toba Indigenous men experience being racialized during the Mandatory Military Service in the mid- and late 20th century.

RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVE FORCES OF DAGESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY - 1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Bashir B. Bulatov ◽  
Medzhid Sh. Huseynov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Great Work ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article examines the great work of Russian scientists in Dagestan since the middle of the 19th century. Despite the military actions taking place in the North Caucasus, scientists conducted exploration work of oil fields and other productive forces here. During this period, Professor and then Academician G. Abikh wrote scientific works on the natural resources of Dagestan. Subsequently, his discoveries were confirmed by the most prominent scientists. In the article, we note the great work carried out by professors D. V. Golubyatnikov, K. P. Kalitsky and other scientists in the investigation of the oil-bearing regions of Dagestan. As a result of their activities, the “Dagestanskiye Ogni” plant appeared, new oil regions in the Republic.

scholarly journals Notes on the 14th-century Ya'qubiyya Complex in Tlemcen, Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Péter T. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Region I ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper discusses the Islamic funerary complex in central Tlemcen, Algeria, built in 1362–1363, recorded in historical sources as "the Ya'qubiyya", and today known by the name of Sidi Ibrahim al-Masmudi. During the late middle ages, the north-west corner of Africa was shared between two related Berber dynasties, the Marinids of Fez (Morocco) and the Zayyanids of Tlemcen, who were in constant conflict with one another. The Ya'qubiyya complex was erected by the Zayyanid sultan Abu Hammu Musa II (r. 1359–1389) to commemorate his father and two of his uncles, who were praised in coeval sources as heroes of the war against the Marinids. In this article, I shall describe how the Ya'qubiyya was discovered in the 19th century, study the relevant sources in Arabic, discuss the extant buildings indicating their original parts, and touch upon the complex’s relations with other sites in the region. I shall conclude that, although the Ya'qubiyya commemorated members of the Zayyanid family who had fought successfully against the Marinids, its basic concept was adopted from the earlier shrine of the Marinid dynasty at Shalla (Rabat-Salé, Morocco).

scholarly journals THE COURSE OF THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION STRUGGLE UNDER MUHAMMAD-AMIN’S COMMAND IN THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS IN THE 50s OF THE 19th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
D S Kidirniyazov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
North West ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The 19Th Century

Liberation struggle of mountaineers of the North Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century has always been one of the most topical problems in Russian historiography, since an integral, truthful and genuinely scientific concept of the events, which played an important role in the destinies of the peoples of the region, has not been created yet. It is known that the assessment of the Caucasian War has been changed many times. The researchers have misrepresented events and slanted a number of problems in the history of the local peoples and their relationship with Russia. The history of long heroic and at the same time tragic struggle of the mountaineers for freedom and independence is complex and unique. The people’s liberation movement arose due to socio-economic and political situation in the region, although intrigues of emissaries of other states also influenced the mountaineers’ struggle. The main reasons for the people’s liberation struggle appeared in the North-East Caucasus when the socio-political situation in the region had considerably changed. Basing on archival materials and special historical literature, the author of the article analyzes the liberation struggle of the mountaineers of the North-West Caucasus against the tsarist autocracy under the command of Shamil’s Naib Muhammad-Amin. The goal of the article is to trace the course of the people’s liberation struggle in the North-West Caucasus and its legal aspects in terms of both positive and negative sides. The author focuses on administrative and commanding talent of Muhammad-Amin, who managed to rally the mountaineers and organize the people’s liberation movement.

scholarly journals Liverpool English

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Watson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Phonological System

Liverpool English (LE) is the variety of English spoken in Liverpool and much of the surrounding county of Merseyside, in the north-west of England. After London, the north-west of England is the most densely populated of all regions in England and Wales, with the population of Liverpool standing at around 450,000. LE itself is said to have developed in the middle of the 19th century, after rapid immigration from Ireland during the Irish potato famines of 1845–1847 (see Knowles 1973). Arguably as a result of this immigration, as we will see, there are some similarities between LE's phonological system and those of Irish Englishes. Of course, as we might expect, the phonological system of LE maintains its connection with other northern Englishes, too.

scholarly journals Old Believer Sketes and Almshouses of the Novgorod Gubernia in the Second Half of the 18th – 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1058-1069
Author(s):  
Ilya A. Melnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
North West ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The article attempts to summarize the information on the Old Believer sketes, monasteries, and almshouses of the Novgorod gubernia in the second half of the 18th – 19th century. It strives to highlight the development of the Old Believer monasticism of the period, as well as to identify types of monastic settlements peculiar to Old Believers. The main sources are documents from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and from the Russian State Historical Archive, as well as newly discovered Old Believer manuscript and letters of the 19th century stored in the fonds of the Novgorod State Integrated Museum Reserve. Most sources are being introduced into the scientific use for the first time. Documents show that Old Believer monasteries and almshouses formed a network of self-organization, united Old Believers of neighboring regions, and were their centers of spiritual life. In a way, they were an alternative for monasteries of the official church. The sketes and almshouses were supported by local and metropolitan merchants; they also had patrons among nobility, which disproves the notion that in the 19th century Old Believers were entirely from taxed estates and merchantry. The documents show that representatives of the nobility could be not just benefactors, but monks and founders of the Old Believer monasteries. Adherence to monastic tradition made the Novgorod gubernia one of the centers of the Old Rite, closely connected with Olonets, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Chernihiv, and Baltic communities. In conclusions the author offers a typology of monastic life organization peculiar to Old Believers of the North-West region: reclusory, secluded skete, skete compound, and cemetery almshouse.

Transformation of Adyghe Society in the 19th Century as Shown by the Subethnos of the Abadzekhs

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Anzhela Cheucheva
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article discusses the transformation of the life of Adyghe society throughout the 19th century. The object of the study is the Adyghe Abadzekhs, who lived in the historical region of the North-West Caucasus, called Abadzekhia. In the 19th century, these people turned to be at the center of the conquest policy of the Russian Empire. The publication attempts to analyze the changes that occurred with part of the Adyghe ethnic group — the Abadzekhs, as well as the influence of the Caucasian War. The research shows that constant military operations contributed to a change in the life of Adyghe society, having a destructive influence on it. At the end of the Caucasian War, part of the Adyghe population died, part emigrated, and the remaining part moved to other regions of the North Caucasus. The Russian administration established new rules and restrictions that related to the organization of management, land allocation. The introduction of new rules caused protests that were suppressed, which complicated the integration of part of the Adyghes into the Russian Empire. Gradually experience was developed that contributed to the regulation of the behavior of the Adyghes through the introduction of new rules and norms of life within the framework of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals The evolution of German Cut Fencing in the 19th century viewed through the works of Friedrich August Wilhelm Ludwig Roux

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-102
Author(s):  
Alex Kiermayer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Contemporary Method ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

This article takes a look at the characteristics of German civilian fencing with cutting swords in the 19th century, especially the style taught by the Roux family of fencing masters. One of the most prominent members of this family was Friedrich August Wilhelm Ludwig Roux. By comparing his early work Anweisung zum Hiebfechten mit graden und krummen Klingen and his later work Deutsches Paukbuch one is able to discern some of the changes in German Hiebfechten or fencing with cutting weapons during the 19th century, in particular on the students’ duelling ground. Fencing in 19th century Germany was practiced for a number of different reasons. These included military service, physical education and the civilian duel. A particular form of the civilian duel in Germany was the student’s Mensur. The works of the Roux family naturally revolve mostly but not exclusively around thissubject as most of them were employed as University fencing masters. In the military and in physical education the contemporary method of the “Berliner Turnschule” was more popular.

scholarly journals ON THE PERSPECTIVES OF CREATING A DICTIONARY OF THE BESERMAN DIALECT OF THE UDMURT LANGUAGE (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF T. I. TEPLYASHINA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
S.A. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Small Fragment ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Active Researcher ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Besermans are a small people of the north-west of Udmurtia who speak one of the dialects of the Udmurt language. In recent years, the Beserman dialect has become the object of close attention of linguists. The results of these field studies were embodied in the publication of two dictionaries, a monograph and separate articles. An active researcher of the Beserman language was T. I. Teplyashina back in the 60s of the last century. She published a monograph primarily devoted to the description of the phonetics and morphology of the Beserman dialect. However, better part of her card-file with Beserman words, expressions and examples of their using in speech remained unused. This card-file is a unique linguistic heritage, representing the Beserman language of informants who were born at the beginning of the 20th and even at the end of the 19th century. It is waiting for processing of materials and creating a dictionary. In this article, a small fragment of a future dictionary is given as an example.

scholarly journals A vanishing raptor in a Mediterranean island: an updated picture of Red kite (Milvus milvus) in Sardinia, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Davide De Rosa ◽  
Ilaria Fozzi ◽  
Alberto Fozzi ◽  
Mauro Sanna ◽  
Jan Škrábal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Milvus Milvus ◽  
Historical Range

In the 19th century, Red kite (Milvus milvus) was very common and widespread in Sardinia, but in the mid-900 an important decline occurred. Since the 1970s the species has been studied more continuously, but in recent years the published data seem contradictory. In 2018-2020, authors carried out specific research to collect data on the population of the Red kite in Sardinia exploring both the historical range of the species and areas where the species was reported in the past. In 2018-2020, we estimated 10-13 breeding pairs in an area of about 3,440 km2 located in the north west of Sardinia. As regard wintering, we estimated 30-40 birds in winters 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, whereas 90-110 birds were counted in winter 2020-2021.

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