Digital Resources: Colonial Brazilian History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica da Silva Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Colonial Brazil ◽  
Brazilian History ◽  
Political Economic

Research on questions related to colonial Brazil has always been a challenge for historians of the period. In addition to the habitual adversities of historiographic research, studies of the colony have presented some specific difficulties as it involves documentation with at least three centuries of existence. For this reason, these primary sources have often seriously deteriorated due to the actions of time, environmental factors, or bad conservation. In addition to these problems, there exists the question that these documents are scattered among various archives in different regions of Brazil and on the other side of the Atlantic in Portugal, since the central administrative bodies of the Portuguese Empire were concentrated there, from where they communicated with their colonies and conquests. To shorten these distances, preserve the sources, and allow wide-ranging democratic access, websites have emerged to host the digitalized documentation of archives, libraries, and research collections. Since the 2000s, websites with both specific and more general subjects have been created, covering a wide range of content related to colonial Brazil, organized in digital collections. Various types of sources, such as cartographic, iconographic, and textual which allow aspects from social, political, economic, and cultural history to be dealt with, among others, can currently be found and analyzed without researchers having to physically visit institutions, which can be many kilometers from their residence. Much work which previously was either not done or which was limited due to the lack, or even the complete absence, of documents can now be carried out, which above all collaborates with the growth of the area.

scholarly journals BOCA DO INFERNO : REAVENDO A HISTÓRIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (26) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseana Nunes Bacarat de Souz Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Colonial Brazil ◽  
Brazilian History

<p>O presente artigo trata da importância da História para a Literatura e busca retratar uma obra cujo espírito foi justamente esse, o de resgatar a história muitas vezes esquecida ou desprezada. A obra <em>Boca do Inferno</em>, da autora Ana Miranda faz uma reconstituição do Brasil colônia do século XVII e aborda temas políticos e literários com perfeita verossimilhança, ou seja, ela mistura verdade com ficção de tal forma que não se chega a saber quando uma termina para o início da outra. A obra trata de um ponto da vida do poeta Gregário de Matos Guerra e do Padre Antônio Vieira, eles são personagens da própria história que ajudaram a fazer, além de narrar fatos políticos da época. Assim, mesclando história e ficção, Ana Miranda dá vida a uma das melhores obras literárias dos últimos anos que trata daquele começo de história brasileira.</p> <p>The present article talks about the importance of history to the literature and tries to show a work whose spirit waqnted to get back the History, most of the time forgotten or despised. The work “Boca do Inferno”, by the author Ana Miranda made a reconstitution Colonial Brazil in the seventeenth century and talks about political and literary themes with a perfect like hood (verisimilitude), or better, she mixes the reality with fiction in a way that it’s hard to say when one ends and the other begins. The work talks about a point of Gregório de Matos Guerra and Padre Antonio Vieira’s life; They are caracters of the history who helped to do something, besides relating political facts of the time they lived in. This way, mixing History and fiction, Ana Miranda gives life to one of the best literary works of the latest years which talks about the begining of the Brazilian History.</p>

Digital Resources: Getty Research Institute Digital Exhibitions and Portals for Mexico

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Saxon
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Mexican Art ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
Research Institute

The Getty Research Institute (GRI) has an extensive collection of online digital resources, with two portals that focus on Mexico. The first portal discussed in this article is A Nation Emerges: Sixty-five Years of Photography in Mexico, and the second portal discussed is Obsidian Mirror-Travels: Refracting Mexican Art and Archaeology. These portals are the online versions of GRI exhibitions. Viewers of A Nation Emerges: Sixty-five Years of Photography in Mexico will find numerous primary sources, mostly photographs, related to major historical events from 1857 to 1923. This will serve as a useful resource for scholars and students interested in photohistory. The online exhibition Obsidian Mirror-Travels: Refracting Mexican Art and Archaeology offers a wealth of online digitized images related to Aztec art, culture, and archaeology. Although A Nation Emerges: Sixty-five Years of Photography in Mexico contains superb resources, the site is difficult to navigate and can result in viewers missing much of what it offers. Therefore, this article provides a road map of sorts with the goal of helping scholars and students save valuable time during the research process. This guide will greatly streamline the user experience for those navigating A Nation Emerges: Sixty-five Years of Photography in Mexico. In fact, readers may want to consider having access to this article while they are navigating the particular portal. On the other hand, viewers will find Obsidian Mirror-Travels: Refracting Mexican Art and Archaeology much easier to navigate. As such, a general overview, rather than a detailed guide is provided for this portal to allow users to direct their research with efficiency and accuracy when navigating the site. The article concludes with a brief discussion in the “Digitized Resources” section, of the literature, methodology, and historiography of photohistory.

Peter M. Beattie, The Tribute of Blood: Army, Honor, Race, and Nation in Brazil, 1864–1945. Durham: Duke University Press, 2001. xxiv + 390 pp. $64.95 cloth; $19.95 paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 213-215
Author(s):  
James P. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Military Recruitment ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Duke University ◽  
Brazilian History

The Tribute of Blood has already earned an audience among historians of nineteenth and twentieth-century Brazil, who have found in Peter M. Beattie's analysis of military recruitment and enlisted service an innovative and often compelling exploration of a neglected facet of Brazilian history. But the book deserves a wider audience, not least because of Beattie's stated ambition of providing the first book-length study, “that explicitly focuses on impressment and conscription as transatlantic tribute labor systems intricately linked to other labor practices and relations in broader society” (14). Prospective members of such an audience not only stand to learn a great deal about Brazil (indeed, the novice might read The Tribute of Blood as an introduction to the socio-cultural history of Brazil during a “long nineteenth century” of its own). They also might be forced to rethink some of their own assumptions regarding military service in particular and institutional modernization more generally, and draw inspiration from Beattie's impressive command of a wide range of Brazilian sources and his willingness to extend comparisons to and borrow approaches from fields situated at some remove—geographic and otherwise—from his own.

Digital Resources: Researching Coffee in Latin American History

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Samper Kutschbach
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Data Mining ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of

Given its historical and present roles in Latin American societies, coffee has generated substantial interest and information. Documents up to the mid-20th century have been partly digitized by researchers or generated in electronic format by inter/national organizations after 1960. Digitized information at first primarily focused on time series, censuses, and other quantitative data to address economic and technological aspects, and on other primary and secondary sources for social and political ones. Historical and cultural geography and environmental and rural history of coffee-producing areas have resorted to scanned or digital maps and geographical information systems (GIS), together with aerial photography after mid-century and satellite images since the 1990s, as well as datasets on climate and diseases, and scientific or technical reports. Digital collections of audio/video recordings, paintings, and photographs expanded the range of sources and topics. Digitizing research involves critical and creative source work; it is also more than digitizing sources. Creating and linking databases containing nominal information, together with archival sources and oral history, has allowed researchers to further integrate quantitative and qualitative methods. Software for network or content analysis, genealogy, and timelines has been used increasingly. Machine-learning, exploration of big data, and historical/spatial data mining are still incipient for Latin American coffee. Digital resources—combined with other sources and methods, guided by appropriate research questions in a theoretical/epistemological framework—are key for meaningful and systematic comparative discussions of national/local processes within a regional/global context. However, many digital resources are not publicly accessible or require payment; historical datasets should be public goods. Much work is yet required to digitize documents such as accounting of coffee estates, customs records, and associations’ minutes, as well as multiple secondary sources. Digitalizing historical research on coffee is a learning process and requires additional expertise; convergent and cross-disciplinary methodological approaches are needed to comprehensively address the economic, environmental, social, political, and cultural history of coffee.

scholarly journals Web Archive as a Source for Studying Contemporary History

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Povroznik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Web Archiving ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Web Archive ◽  
The Web

Web archives contain information about political, economic, social, and cultural history, and they can be the basis for the reconstruction of the history of the information society. Contemporary web archiving initiatives aim to preserve the web globally, nationally, and locally and to build a wide range of thematical collections. The paper focuses on the possibilities of using web archival materials in historical research and provides examples of such research projects.

scholarly journals Causes, Manifestations and Nature of Indigenous Wars in Upper Bakweri Land, 1880-1939

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Rose Frii-Manyi Anjoh ◽  
Adolf Ngundu Lyonga
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ritualized Combat ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Unpublished Works

The pursuit to control the villages of Upper Bakweri Land (UBL) by the villages of Soppo Mokongo (Great Soppo) and Gbea (Buea Town) led to a series of wars which erupted in the area between 1880 and 1939. The desire for domination resulted to the formation of two main groups which aligned the other villages of UBL under the leadership of either Soppo Mokongo or Gbea. The creation of competing blocs culminated to the upsurge of indigenous wars among the villages of UBL that dragged the two lead villages to support one side or the other. This paper examines the reasons for, the manifestation and the nature of indigenous wars in UBL between 1880 and 1939.  To attain the goals of the paper, the chronological and thematic methods were employed in analyzing and synthesizing data obtained from primary and secondary sources. Information from primary sources came from the National Archives Buea (NAB) and oral interviews. Material gotten from secondary sources was from both published and unpublished works. The findings show that political, economic and socio-cultural factors were the driving force behind indigenous wars in the area. That ritualized combat, the cutting of the head of the leader illustrated the nature of warfare. That the weapons of war used were dane guns, cutlasses and clubs. Although, the wars were classified as either “just” or “unjust’; they never succeeded in establishing a lead village in UBL.

Digital Resources: The José Guadalupe Posada Collection at the Ibero-American Institute

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Musser
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
Popular Piety ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
The One

The Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz (IAI; Ibero-American Institute at the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation) owns a collection of some 750 works of Mexican popular culture, the majority of which were illustrated by the printmaker and engraver José Guadalupe Posada (1851–1913) and printed by Antonio Vanegas Arroyo (1850–1917), whose company operated from the 1880s to the 1940s. The collection is comprised of a broad range of media, from chapbooks and magazines to Hojas sueltas (broadsheets). The texts of the published works cover a broad range of topics, on the one hand drawing on themes from Ibero-American—and especially Mexican—oral traditions and popular piety; and on the other hand, covering current affairs in Mexico and, to a lesser extent, abroad. The majority of the texts are in prose. Various forms of poetry, above all corridos (ballads), are also featured. The Posada Collection continues to be systematically enlarged and forms part of the Ibero-American Institute’s exceptionally rich collections of popular culture around 1900 from Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. Completely in open access, it is one of the IAI’s most consulted digital collections.

In the Shadow of the Rising Sun: Shanghai under Japanese Occupation. Edited by Christian Henriot and Wen-Hsin Yeh. [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. xii +392 pp. £50.00. ISBN 0-521-82221-1.]

2004 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 1109-1110
Author(s):  
Rana Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central China ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Communist Revolution ◽  
The City

Henriot and Yeh have produced a rich and highly readable volume on Shanghai during the 1937–1945 Japanese occupation period. Many of the path-breaking essays are based on primary sources from newly accessible Shanghai archives.The volume is divided into three sections, broadly on economic, political and cultural history. In the first section, Christian Henriot and Parks Coble both demonstrate that the Shanghai capitalists left in the city were caught in a tight situation: they had little choice but to co-operate with the Japanese, who wanted to make Shanghai into another economic powerhouse in their Co-Prosperity Sphere but who were also exploitative and driven by military rather than commercial needs. On the other hand, the exiled Nationalists considered Chinese businessmen who co-operated with Japan to be collaborators, rendering them vulnerable to assassination during the war and condemnation after it. Frederic Wakeman explores the way in which smuggling became part of the economic and cultural landscape in supplying wartime Shanghai, and Sherman Cochran looks at a “fixer,” Xu Guanqun, who played for high stakes selling medicines across enemy lines, demonstrating that the neutral “island” of the foreign concessions in Shanghai from 1937 to 1941 was hardly an impermeable one. Allison Rottmann completes this section by rethinking the rural narrative of Communist Revolution, showing that Shanghai helped to supply and shape the politics of the central China base area.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

p-Sulfonic acid calix[n]arene catalyzed synthesis of bioactive heterocycles: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bubun Banerjee ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Navdeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Chemistry ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Bioactive Scaffolds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Bioactive Heterocycles

: Metal-free organocatalysts are becoming an important tool for the sustainable developments of various bioactive heterocycles. On the other hand, during last two decades, calix[n]arenes have been gaining considerable attention due to their wide range of applicability in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Recently, sulfonic acid functionalized calix[n] arenes are being employed as an efficient alternative catalyst for the synthesis of various bioactive scaffolds. In this review we have summarized the catalytic efficiency of p-sulfonic acid calix[n]arenes for the synthesis of diverse biologically promising scaffolds under various reaction conditions. There is no such review available in the literature showing the catalytic applicability of p-sulfonic acid calix[n]arenes. Therefore, we strongly believe that this review will surely attract those researchers who are interested about this fascinating organocatalyst.

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