5. Nomads, nation-states, borders

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Robert J. C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Similar Function ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
European Nation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Nomadic People ◽  
The Creation

‘Nomads, nation-states, borders’ describes the concepts of nomadism, nation-states, and borders. Nomadic people in the Americas, Australasia, and elsewhere never owned or possessed land in a European sense, so European colonists declared their land empty. Colonial appropriation and confiscation of land can be conceptualized as ‘territorialization’ and ‘deterritorialization’. Ultimately, a consequence of colonial rule was the reorganization of the whole world from empires into nation-states. Historically, colonialism formed an intrinsic part of the creation of European nation-states; today global migration from the newer decolonized states fulfils a similar function. Notwithstanding the claims for the cultural identity of its people, nothing really defines a nation like its borders since all nation-states are heterogeneous.

The Japanese Factor in the Making of North Korean Socialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-251
Author(s):  
Ernest Ming-Tak Leung
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Juche Ideology

This article explores a commonly ignored aspect of Japan–North Korean relations: the Japanese factor in the making of Korean socialism. Korea was indirectly influenced by the Japanese Jiyuminken Movement, in the 1910s–1920s serving as a stepping-stone for the creation of a Japanese Communist Party. Wartime mobilization policies under Japanese rule were continued and expanded beyond the colonial era. The Juche ideology built on tendencies first exhibited in the 1942 Overcoming Modernity Conference in Japan, and in the 1970s some Japanese leftists viewed Juche as a humanist Marxism. Trade between Japan and North Korea expanded from 1961 onwards, culminating in North Korea’s default in 1976, from which point on relations soured between the two countries. Yet leaders with direct experience of colonial rule governed North Korea through to the late 1990s.

Archiving the British Raj

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Central Archive

The archives are generally sites where historians conduct research into our past. Seldom are they objects of research. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya traces the path that led to the creation of a central archive in India, from the setting up of the Imperial Record Department, the precursor of the National Archives of India, and the Indian Historical Records Commission, to the framing of archival policies and the change in those policies over the years. In the last two decades of colonial rule in India, there were anticipations of freedom in many areas of the public sphere. These were felt in the domain of archiving as well, chiefly in the form of reversal of earlier policies. From this perspective, Bhattacharya explores the relation between knowledge and power and discusses how the World Wars and the decline of Britain, among other factors, effected a transition from a Eurocentric and disparaging approach to India towards a more liberal and less ethnocentric one.

scholarly journals ‘DIVINE KINGS’: SEX, DEATH AND ANTHROPOLOGY IN INTER-WAR EAST/CENTRAL AFRICA

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEGAN VAUGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
East Central ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protection Of Life

ABSTRACTThe elaborate mortuary rites of the Chitimukulu (the paramount chief of the Bemba people) attracted the attention of both colonial administrators and anthropologists in inter-war Northern Rhodesia. This paper examines the political and symbolic significance of these rites before turning to an analysis of accounts, by the anthropologist Audrey Richards, of the deaths of two ‘commoners’ in the 1930s. The paper argues that chiefly power resided less in the threat of death which was enacted spectacularly in the Chitimukulu's mortuary rituals than in the promise to create and protect life, located in the practices of quotidian life. This promise of the creation and protection of life was being progressively undermined by the conditions of colonial rule.

Conceptions of Community in Colonial Southeast Asia

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 337-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Asian Values ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Shared Commitment

It is a commonplace that European rule contributed both to the consolidation of the nation-states of Southeast Asia and to the aggravation of disputes within them. Since their independence, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam have all faced the upheavals of secessionism or irredentism or communalism. Governments have responded to threats of fragmentation by appeals to national ideologies like Sukarno's pancasila (five principles) or Ne Win's ‘Burmese way to socialism’. In attempting to realise unity in diversity, they have paraded a common experience of the struggle for independence from colonial rule as well as a shared commitment to post-colonial modernisation. They have also ruthlessly repressed internal opposition or blamed their problems upon the foreign forces of neocolonialism, world communism, western materialism, and other threats to Asian values. Yet, because its effects were uneven and inconsistent while the reactions to it were varied and frequently equivocal, the part played by colonialism in shaping the affiliations and identities of Southeast Asian peoples was by no means clear-cut.

scholarly journals State of Exception: The Birthplace of Kafka’s Narrative Authority

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Biti
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
The Political ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Narrative Authority ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
European Nation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Collateral Effects

Across the postimperial East Central Europe, whose geopolitical space was reconfigured on the model of West European nation-states, unprocessed human residues proliferated as the collateral effects of politically guided national homogenizations. These positional outsiders, who were prevented from becoming legible within the newly established political spaces, take center stage in Kafka’s narratives, not only in the form of their characters but also their narrators and ultimate authority. They passionately attach themselves to the zones of indistinction, which the modern societies’ “egalitarian discrimination” has doomed them to, thus trying to turn their enforced dispossession into a chosen self-dispossession. I argue that Kafka’s narratives owe their elusive ultimate authority precisely to this persistent translation of the political state of exception of his agencies into their literary state of exemption. They are at constant pains to transfigure the imposed state of exception through its peculiar fictional adoption, but Kafka’s ultimate narrative authority nevertheless takes care to keep an edge over their efforts. It is precisely this never-ending gradation of subversive mimicry in Kafka’s works that his postcolonial successor J. M. Coetzee most admired.

scholarly journals CULT PLACES OF MARI AS A SYMBOL OF CULTURAL IDENTITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-687
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gennadyevich Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The People ◽  
National Movements ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Local Traditions

The article is devoted to the study of places of worship in traditional Mari culture, which are in varying degrees of sacredness. They have so far preserved artifacts and symbols that form the cultural identity of the people. The Mari religion in the most complete local traditions preserves the system of pagan cults and rites. The trend towards the revival of pagan religion and the creation of religious organizations and communities is associated with a general upsurge in national identity. This became necessary in the context of national movements as a means of ethnic self-defense and a factor of ethnocultural revival. Original ethnocultural traditions and formative elements of folk architecture are relevant and important in the design of modern architectural complexes and the creation of small architectural forms in folk architecture, landscape design, and the formation of an ethnocultural environment. Further sacralization of places of worship will contribute to the preservation of natural monuments and the manifestation of artifacts and symbols of cultural identity.

Evolutions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Sasges
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The Creation

The remains of the Indochina’s alcohol regime dot the landscape of today’s Indochina today. From the Revolutionary Museum in Hanoi, housed in the former headquarters of the reviled Department of Customs and Monopolies, to the French embassy that occupies the SFDIC’s former headquarters, to the Khmer Distilleries Company producing “Super Whisky” at US$1.00 per bottle, legacies of the long-ago monopoly endure. Yet while colonial rule has long since ended and the SFDIC is a footnote to French economic history, the same convergence of science, state, and industry that drove the creation of the monopoly a century ago continues to operate in the present day.

9. Union Citizenship

2019 ◽  
pp. 318-381
Author(s):  
Catherine Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Political Activities ◽  
European Nation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Union Citizenship ◽  
Territorial Boundaries

This chapter examines the concept of Union citizenship and the rights EU citizens enjoy. European citizenship allows individuals a variety of associative relations based on economic, social, cultural, scholarly, and even political activities, irrespective of the traditional territorial boundaries of the European nation states, without binding individuals to a particular nationality. In particular, this chapter examines the rights enjoyed by citizens under the Citizens’ Rights Directive 2004/38, including family rights and what rights citizens enjoy independent of being economically active.

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