488 GRIP STRENGTH FROM MIDLIFE AS AN INDICATOR OF LATER-LIFE COGNITION AND BRAIN HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM A BRITISH BIRTH COHORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii5-ii7
Author(s):  
Q Dercon ◽  
J Nicholas ◽  
S-N James ◽  
J Schott ◽  
M Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Later Life ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Maximum Grip

Abstract Introduction Grip strength is an objective measure of physical function with potential predictive value for health in ageing populations. We aimed to assess whether levels and changes in grip strength from midlife predicted later-life brain health and cognition. Methods 446 participants in an ongoing British birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), had their maximum grip strength measured at ages 53, 60–64, and 69, and underwent neuroimaging as part of its neuroscience sub-study, Insight 46, at 69–71. A group-based trajectory model identified latent groups of individuals in the whole NSHD cohort with below- and above-average grip strength over time, plus a reference group. Trajectory group membership, plus standardised grip strength levels and change from age 53, were each related to MRI-derived measures of whole-brain volume (WBV) and white-matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), plus several cognitive tests. Models were adjusted for sex, body size, head size (where appropriate), sociodemographics, and behavioural and vascular risk factors. Results Consistently below-average grip strength from midlife was associated with lower WBV and non-verbal reasoning ability at age 69–71 (e.g. low group WBV vs. reference group β = −13.38 cm^3; 95% CI = (−24.12 cm^3, −2.64 cm^3); p = 0.015). There was some accompanying evidence that above-average maximum grip strength showed a positive association with WBV, which was more pronounced in female participants (high group female WBV vs. reference group β = 18.30 cm^3; 95% CI = (1.34 cm^3, 35.29 cm^3); p = 0.034). Steeper than average declines in grip strength between 53 and 69 were additionally weakly associated with an estimated 10% higher WMHV at age 69–71 (β = 1.10, 95% CI = (1.00, 1.22); p = 0.053). Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence that tests of maximum grip strength may have value in predicting brain health. Future work should assess how these observed differences relate to later-life negative health outcomes, and whether changes in grip strength reflect concurrent changes in brain structure and connectivity.

scholarly journals Grip strength from midlife as an indicator of later-life brain health and cognition: evidence from a British birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Dercon ◽  
Jennifer M. Nicholas ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Jonathan M. Schott ◽  
Marcus Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Maximum Grip

Abstract Background Grip strength is an indicator of physical function with potential predictive value for health in ageing populations. We assessed whether trends in grip strength from midlife predicted later-life brain health and cognition. Methods 446 participants in an ongoing British birth cohort study, the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), had their maximum grip strength measured at ages 53, 60–64, and 69, and subsequently underwent neuroimaging as part of a neuroscience sub-study, referred to as “Insight 46”, at age 69–71. A group-based trajectory model identified latent groups of individuals in the whole NSHD cohort with below- or above-average grip strength over time, plus a reference group. Group assignment, plus standardised grip strength levels and change from midlife were each related to measures of whole-brain volume (WBV) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), plus several cognitive tests. Models were adjusted for sex, body size, head size (where appropriate), sociodemographics, and behavioural and vascular risk factors. Results Lower grip strength from midlife was associated with smaller WBV and lower matrix reasoning scores at age 69–71, with findings consistent between analysis of individual time points and analysis of trajectory groups. There was little evidence of an association between grip strength and other cognitive test scores. Although greater declines in grip strength showed a weak association with higher WMHV at age 69–71, trends in the opposite direction were seen at individual time points with higher grip strength at ages 60–64, and 69 associated with higher WMHV. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that maximum grip strength may have value in predicting brain health. Future work should assess to what extent age-related declines in grip strength from midlife reflect concurrent changes in brain structure.

scholarly journals Correction to: Grip strength from midlife as an indicator of later-life brain health and cognition: evidence from a British birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Dercon ◽  
Jennifer M. Nicholas ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Jonathan M. Schott ◽  
Marcus Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Brain Health

Test–retest reliability of grip strength measurement in full elbow extension to evaluate maximum grip strength

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Savva ◽  
C. Karagiannis ◽  
A. Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Grip Strength Measurement ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Maximum Grip

The objective of this study was to investigate the test–retest reliability of measurement of grip strength in full elbow extension. The grip strengths of 19 healthy participants were measured using the Jamar dynamometer by the same rater on two occasions with an interval of 7 days between measures. Test–retest reliability of grip strength measurement was excellent in full elbow extension and associated with low values of standard error of measurement and small variations in the differences between the two measurements in both testing sessions.

scholarly journals Do the associations of body mass index and waist circumference with back pain change as people age? 32 years of follow-up in a British birth cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039197
Author(s):  
Stella Muthuri ◽  
Rachel Cooper ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Rebecca Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo investigate whether cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with back pain change with age and extend into later life.DesignBritish birth cohort study.SettingEngland, Scotland and Wales.ParticipantsUp to 3426 men and women from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development.Primary outcome measuresBack pain (sciatica, lumbago or recurring/severe backache all or most of the time) was self-reported during nurse interviews at ages 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years and in a postal questionnaire using a body manikin at age 68.ResultsFindings from mixed-effects logistic regression models indicated that higher BMI was consistently associated with increased odds of back pain across adulthood. Sex-adjusted ORs of back pain per 1 SD increase in BMI were: 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.26), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.23), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.30), 1.31 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.48) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.24) at ages 36, 43, 53, 60–64 and 68–69, respectively. Similar patterns of associations were observed for WC. These associations were maintained when potential confounders, including education, occupational class, height, cigarette smoking status, physical activity and symptoms of anxiety and depression were accounted for. BMI showed stronger associations than WC in models including both measures.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that higher BMI is a persistent risk factor for back pain across adulthood. This highlights the potential lifelong consequences on back pain of the rising prevalence of obesity within the population.

scholarly journals Developmental factors associated with decline in grip strength from midlife to old age: a British birth cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e025755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Joanna M Blodgett ◽  
Rachel Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Developmental Factors

ObjectivesTo test whether developmental factors are associated with grip strength trajectories between 53 and 69 years, and operate independently or on the same pathway/s as adult factors.DesignBritish birth cohort study.SettingEngland, Scotland and Wales.Participants3058 men and women.Main outcome measuresGrip strength (kg) at ages 53, 60–64 and 69 were analysed using multilevel models to estimate associations with developmental factors (birth weight, growth parameters, motor and cognitive development) and father’s social class, and investigate adult factors that could explain observed associations, testing for age and sex interactions.ResultsIn men, heavier birth weight, beginning to walk ‘on time’, later puberty and greater weight 0–26 years and in women, heavier birth weight and earlier age at first standing were independently associated with stronger grip but not with its decline. The slower decline in grip strength (by 0.07 kg/year, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.11 per 1 SD, p=0.003) in men of higher cognitive ability was attenuated by adjusting for adult verbal memory.ConclusionsPatterns of growth and motor development have persisting associations with grip strength between midlife and old age. The strengthening associations with cognition suggest that, at older ages, grip strength increasingly reflects neural ageing processes. Interventions across life that promote muscle development or maintain muscle strength should increase the chance of an independent old age.

Grip strength feigning is hard to detect: an exploratory study

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vollert ◽  
Carina Pasqualicchio ◽  
Mike Papenhoff ◽  
Burkhard Heitmann ◽  
Frank Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Rapid Exchange ◽  
Submaximal Effort ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Maximum Grip

Detecting submaximal effort when testing grip strength is difficult. Research so far has focused on the discrimination between sincere and feigning healthy participants, whereas the clinically relevant distinction is between injured patients and feigning participants. The aim of our study was to compare rapid exchange grip and isometric grip strength testing in 41 participants feigning weakness with 39 patients with decreased hand function. Various parameters that describe grip strength were recorded and tested for differences between the groups. Only the maximum grip strength during rapid exchange grip was found to be significantly higher in feigning participants compared with patients, but this cannot be used for decision-making on an individual basis. We found no parameters that are useful for the detection of feigned weakness in an individual case. Level of evidence: III

Fractionated Reaction Time as a Function of Magnitude of Force in Simple and Choice Conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanobu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Premotor Time ◽  
Force Reaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Maximum Grip

The present study examined whether varying magnitude of force required to perform an isometric response influences fractionated reaction time in simple and choice conditions and whether reaction time and premotor time to initiate the response are shorter when force is selected freely by the subject than when it is selected by the experimenter. 20 subjects were required to react and produce a designated peak force as quickly and accurately as possible by squeezing a handle after a reaction signal. Four different magnitudes of force were 30, 50, and 70% of the maximum grip strength of the subjects and subject-selected magnitude of force. Reaction time and premotor time did not change across the range of forces examined in both simple and choice reaction-time conditions regardless of whether a desired force was selected by the experimenter or by the subject These findings suggest that programming an isometric response may require a constant amount of time.

UTILITY OF THE POWERBALL® IN THE INVIGORATION OF THE MUSCULATURE OF THE FOREARM

Hand Surgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Axel Balan ◽  
Marc Garcia-Elias
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Forearm Muscle ◽  
Jamar Dynamometer ◽  
Resting Period ◽  
Maximum Grip

In order to ascertain the utility of a 250 Hz NSD Powerball® gyroscope in increasing the maximum grip force and muscular endurance of the forearm, ten adults without pathology in their upper limbs exercised one forearm with the device during a period of one month. We evaluated grip strength and forearm muscle endurance with a Jamar dynamometer both at the end of the month as well as after a resting period of one month. There was a tendency (not statistically significant p = 0.054), for the volunteers to increase their maximum grip strength. There was also highly significant increase in muscle endurance (p = 0.00001), a gain that remained slightly unchanged after the rest. Because the gyroscope generates random multidirectional forces to the forearm, the reactive muscle contraction is likely to stimulate more efficient neuromuscular contro of the wrist, a conclusion which our work appears to validate. The use of Powerball® in forearm proprioception deficient patients is, therefore, justified.

Average versus Maximum Grip Strength: Which is more Consistent?

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. HAIDAR ◽  
D. KUMAR ◽  
R. S. BASSI ◽  
S. C. DESHMUKH
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Maximum Method ◽  
Maximum Grip

The average of three consecutive measurements is the most frequently used method for grip strength assessment. The purpose of this study was to compare the consistency of the maximum value with that of the average value of three consecutive measurements of grip strength. One hundred healthy volunteers participated in this study. Three measurements of grip strength were taken on two occasions separated by 2 weeks. For each hand, two average values and two maximum values were obtained. Ninety-five per cent limits of agreement for the average method were – 8.3 (−23%) to +7.2 (+20%) kg and for the maximum method were – 8.8 (−23%) to + 8 (+21%) kg. Both methods of grip strength assessment were found to be highly consistent with no statistically significant difference.

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