Long-term energy balance in child-bearing Gambian women

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2790-2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Prentice ◽  
R G Whitehead ◽  
S B Roberts ◽  
A A Paul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Term Energy

Glucocorticoids and insulin: reciprocal signals for energy balance

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. R142-R149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Strack ◽  
R. J. Sebastian ◽  
M. W. Schwartz ◽  
M. F. Dallman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Term Energy

Signals that regulate long-term energy balance have been difficult to identify. Increasingly strong evidence indicates that insulin, acting on the central nervous system in part through its effect on neuropeptide Y (NPY), inhibits food intake. We hypothesized that corticosteroids and insulin might serve as interacting, reciprocal signals for energy balance, acting on energy acquisition, in part through their effects on hypothalamic NPY, as well as on energy stores. Because glucocorticoids also stimulate insulin secretion, their role is normally obscured. Glucocorticoids and insulin were clamped in adrenalectomized rats with steroid replacement and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Glucocorticoids stimulated and insulin inhibited NPY mRNA and food intake. Glucocorticoids inhibited and insulin increased energy gain as determined by the change in body weight. When adrenalectomized diabetic rats were treated, corticosterone stimulated and insulin inhibited food intake, and, respectively, inhibited and increased overall energy gain. More than 50% of the variance was explained by regression analysis of the two hormones on food intake and body weight. Thus glucocorticoids and insulin are major, antagonistic, long-term regulators of energy balance. The effects of corticosterone and insulin on food intake may be mediated, in part, through regulation of hypothalamic NPY synthesis and secretion.

Long-term energy flux measurements and energy balance over a small boreal lake using eddy covariance technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (D2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Nordbo ◽  
Samuli Launiainen ◽  
Ivan Mammarella ◽  
Matti Leppäranta ◽  
Jussi Huotari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Eddy Covariance Technique ◽  
Boreal Lake ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Term Energy

Nutritional Aspects of Obesity in Infancy and Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-883
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Peter R. Dallman ◽  
Homer Anderson ◽  
Platon Jack Collipp ◽  
Buford L. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Simple Obesity ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Conditional State ◽  
Excessive Adiposity

Obesity is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue relative to lean body mass. With rare exceptions, it simply reflects a long-term imbalance in energy intake vs expenditure. The excess energy is stored as fat. The known metabolic correlates of this state are, for the most part, secondary events.1 The day-to-day "error" in intake or expenditure necessary to derange long-term energy balance is smaller than the accuracy with which either factor currently can be measured over long periods; therefore, the question of etiologies remains unanswered. The systems regulating mammalian fuel homeostasis and food intake are complex, and many potential "lesions" could alter long-term energy balance. There are a number of experimental and genetic animal models in which regulatory or apparent metabolic disturbances result in obesity, but no similar abnormalities have been consistently demonstrated in individuals with simple obesity.2 However, the traditionally accepted causes of obesity, relative overeating and/or physical underactivity, may not be operating in all instances of simple obesity.3,4 ANTHROPOMETRY Criteria for the diagnosis of obesity are difficult to establish because "optimal fatness is a conditional state. A man preparing for an emergency trek, a population entering a period of famine, a child entering a febrile illness or a growth spurt or a woman becoming pregnant will have physiological advantages from abundant stored fat."5 Medical considerations suggest that excessive adiposity (or leanness) is unhealthful; but cosmetic and other social considerations are generally preeminent in determining the acceptable range of body composition within a culture. A variety of definitions of obesity have been devised for adults (weight-height indices that produce relative independence of weight from height).

The role of exercise in thermogenesis and energy balance

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Richard ◽  
Serge Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Term Energy

The role of exercise training in energy balance has been reviewed. Recent well-conducted studies showed that exercise may increase energy expenditure not only during the period of exercise itself but during the postexercise period as well. This notion of excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), which has been a controversial issue for many years, is now becoming a generally well-accepted concept, the consensus being that EPOC takes place following prolonged and strenuous exercise bouts. Besides, the role of EPOC in long-term energy balance remains to be determined. Long-term energy balance studies carried out in rats show that exercise affects energy balance by altering food intake and promoting energy expenditure. In male rats exercise causes a marked decrease in energy intake which contributes, in association with the expenditure of exercise itself, to retard lean and fat tissue growth. From the suppressed deposition of lean body mass, decreases in basal metabolic rate can be predicted in males. In female rats, exercise does not affect food intake; the lower energy gain of exercise-trained females results from the elevated expenditure rate associated with exercise itself. In both male and female rats, there is no evidence that exercise training affects energy expenditure other than during exercise itself unless the habitual feeding pattern of the rats is radically modified. The interactive effects of diet and exercise, which have to be further investigated in long-term energy balance, emerge as a promising area of research.Key words: exercise training, nutritional energetics, brown adipose tissue, diet-induced thermogenesis, body composition.

Long-term energy deficiency in mice induces bone alterations reversed by long-term recovery

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zgheib ◽  
Stephanie Lucas ◽  
Mathieu Mequinion ◽  
Odile Broux ◽  
Damien Leterme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Term Energy

Long-term energy models: Principles, characteristics, focus, and limitations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Gargiulo ◽  
Brian Ó Gallachóir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Models ◽  
Term Energy

scholarly journals Economic disruptions in long-term energy scenarios – Implications for designing energy policy

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 118737
Author(s):  
Kristina Govorukha ◽  
Philip Mayer ◽  
Dirk Rübbelke ◽  
Stefan Vögele
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Term Energy

scholarly journals A Novel Iron Chloride Red-Ox Concentration Flow Cell Battery (ICFB) Concept; Power and Electrode Optimization

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Robert Bock ◽  
Björn Kleinsteinberg ◽  
Bjørn Selnes-Volseth ◽  
Odne Stokke Burheim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Short And Long Term

For renewable energies to succeed in replacing fossil fuels, large-scale and affordable solutions are needed for short and long-term energy storage. A potentially inexpensive approach of storing large amounts of energy is through the use of a concentration flow cell that is based on cheap and abundant materials. Here, we propose to use aqueous iron chloride as a reacting solvent on carbon electrodes. We suggest to use it in a red-ox concentration flow cell with two compartments separated by a hydrocarbon-based membrane. In both compartments the red-ox couple of iron II and III reacts, oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode. When charging, a concentration difference between the two species grows. When discharging, this concentration difference between iron II and iron III is used to drive the reaction. In this respect it is a concentration driven flow cell redox battery using iron chloride in both solutions. Here, we investigate material combinations, power, and concentration relations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document