scholarly journals Plant breeding: a long-term strategy for the control of zinc deficiency in vulnerable populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 488S-494S ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Ruel ◽  
H E Bouis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Vulnerable Populations

An Examination of Follow-up Services Received by Vulnerable Burn Populations: A Burn Model System National Database Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Lynne Benavides ◽  
Vivian Shie ◽  
Brennan Yee ◽  
Miranda Yelvington ◽  
Laura C Simko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Model System ◽  
Psychological Therapy ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
National Database ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Term Care

Abstract While disparities in healthcare outcomes and services for vulnerable populations have been documented, the extent to which vulnerable burn populations demonstrate disparities in long-term care is relatively underexplored. This study’s goal was to assess for differences in long-term occupational or physical therapy (OT/PT) and psychological service use after burn injury in vulnerable populations. Data from the Burn Model System National Database (2006–2015) were analyzed. The vulnerable group included participants in one or more of these categories: 65 years of age or older, nonwhite, no insurance or Medicaid insurance, preinjury receipt of psychological therapy or counseling, preinjury alcohol and/or drug misuse, or with a preexisting disability. Primary outcomes investigated were receipt of OT/PT and psychological services. Secondary outcomes included nine OT/PT subcategories. Outcomes were examined at 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury. One thousand one hundred thirty-six burn survivors (692 vulnerable; 444 nonvulnerable) were included. The vulnerable group was mostly female, unemployed at time of injury, and with smaller burns. Both groups received similar OT/PT and psychological services at all time points. Adjusted regression analyses found that while the groups received similar amounts services, some vulnerable subgroups received significantly more services. Participants 65 years of age or older, who received psychological therapy or counseling prior to injury, and with a preexisting disability received more OT/PT and psychological or peer support services at follow-up. Overall, vulnerable and nonvulnerable groups received comparable OT/PT and psychological services. The importance of long-term care among vulnerable subgroups of the burn population is highlighted by this study. Future work is needed to determine adequate levels of follow-up services.

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. I. Varietal Selection and Breeding Methods and Their Impact on Biodiversity

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Witcombe ◽  
A. Joshi ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
B. R. Sthapit
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Farmer Participatory Research ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYFarmer participatory approaches for the identification or breeding of improved crop cultivars can be usefully categorized into participatory varietal selection (PVS) and participatory plant breeding (PPB). Various PVS and PPB methods are reviewed. PVS is a more rapid and cost-effective way of identifying farmer-preferred cultivars if a suitable choice of cultivars exists. If this is impossible, then the more resource-consuming PPB is required. PPB can use, as parents, cultivars that were identified in successful PVS programmes. Compared with conventional plant breeding, PPB is more likely to produce farmer-acceptable products, particularly for marginal environments. The impact of farmer participatory research on biodiversity is considered. The long-term effect of PVS is to increase biodiversity, but where indigenous variability is high it can also reduce it. PPB has a greater effect on increasing biodiversity although its impact may be limited to smaller areas. PPB can be a dynamic form of in situ genetic conservation.

IMPROVEMENT OF FORAGE QUALITY THROUGH PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT AND PLANT BREEDING

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. HOWARTH ◽  
B. P. GOPLEN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Forage Management

The prospects for improving forage quality through improved management of forage production and through plant breeding are reviewed, with emphasis on the Canadian situation. The major components of forage quality are nutrient content, digestibility, voluntary intake, and lack of anti-nutritive factors. Since maturity has a major impact on forage quality, adequate harvest systems and equipment are essential for consistent production of quality forage. Legume forages are generally of higher quality than grasses. Greater use of legumes and improved procedures for renovation of grass-legume mixtures provide opportunities for improved forage quality. Greater use of complementary and rotational grazing systems should enhance intake of quality forage. Breeding for improved forage quality is a slow, long-term approach, but relatively small improvements in digestibility can give substantial improvements in animal productivity. Breeding for improved quality should continue with emphasis on anti-nutritive factors and intake of digestible energy. Progress in breeding the cool-season forages for improved quality has been impaired by inadequate analytical techniques. Analytical methods used in nutrition laboratories may require modification or adaptation to meet the unique requirements of plant breeders.Key words: Forage, management, breeding, quality, digestion

Self-Interest and the Distant Vulnerable

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Prompt Action ◽  
Do So

What interests do states have in assisting and protecting vulnerable populations beyond their borders? While some political leaders and commentators promote a circumscribed understanding of the national interest that rules out accepting substantial risks and costs for the sake of the distant vulnerable, others endorse an “enlightened” conception of the national interest that recognizes the long-term utility to be gained by helping them. However, while this notion of “enlightened” self-interest gives states reason to act in some instances, it fails to prompt action in other cases where the suffering of strangers is less strategically important. Some leaders and commentators have responded to this problem by reaching for some other, less material conception of the national interest to justify assisting the distant vulnerable, but they have often struggled to find the language they need. This article finds a solution in the debates about self-interest waged in seventeenth-century Europe. Dissatisfied both with Hobbes's narrow understanding of self-interest and Pufendorf's more “enlightened” understanding, Leibniz defended a more generous and “disinterested” conception, grounded not in considerations of material utility but in the pleasure to be derived from helping those in need. This article demonstrates two ways in which this “disinterested” conception of self-interest can be of use today. First, it provides resources for explaining why states already sometimes act in “disinterested” and altruistic ways. Second, it provides leaders with a tool for persuading people to help the distant vulnerable, even when it appears to be in neither their narrow nor their “enlightened” interests to do so.

An analysis of climatic environments for plant-breeding purposes

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJR Boyd ◽  
NA Goodchild ◽  
WK Waterhouse ◽  
BB Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Highly Correlated

Variations in the regional means of a number of growing-season climatic variables, and combinations of them, are not highly correlated with the long-term regional distribution of mean wheat yields in Western Australia or with their variation between years. The data suggest that the growing season is characterized by a cyclical alternation of favourable and unfavourable conditions for crop growth. This oscillating pattern varies in amplitude and wavelength as a result of unpredictable 'between'- and 'within'-season variation in the regional distribution of rainfall. In the central zone of the study area, wheat production is subject mainly to between-season variation whilst in more marginal areas yield variation is confounded by opposing and reciprocating within-season effects. The consequences for plant breeding are that specific regional environments expected on the basis of climate do not occur predictably in the short term. It is argued that breeding objectives, selection strategies and regional testing should initially avoid complications associated with specific marginal environments by concentrating on general adaptability within the central zone, which monitors between-season variation only. Subsequent evaluation for additional adaptive features specific to marginal areas should be undertaken.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Tomato Pollen

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 797A-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Sacks ◽  
D.A. St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Anhydrous Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Fresh Pollen

We have developed a method for cryopreserving Lycopersicon esculentum pollen to facilitate the timing of crosses and for long-term germplasm conservation. Gelatin capsules containing pollen were wrapped in tissue paper and placed in air-tight glass tubes with anhydrous calcium sulfate desiccant. Tubes containing pollen were stored at –80C. In one experiment, we stored the pollen of LA359 and T5 at –80C for 37 days. Pollen predesiccated overnight at 4C then stored at –80C, pollen put in a tube with desiccant then immediately stored at –80C, and fresh pollen were compared by pollinating 10 flowers of LA359 with each of the six pollen treatments and counting the number of seed per fruit. Average seed counts ranged from 127 for fresh, T5 pollen to 172 for predesiccated LA359 pollen. In another experiment, cryopreserved pollen of UC82B and VFNT Cherry was given from 0 to 6 cycles of freezing and thawing. Ten flowers of LA359 were pollinated with each of the 12 treatments. Average seed counts ranged from 125 to 152. The data from both experiments suggest that cryopreservation of tomato pollen to facilitate efficient plant breeding is feasible.

scholarly journals Biofortification: High zinc wheat programme – The potential agricultural options for alleviating malnutrition in Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qadir Bux Baloch ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Makhdum ◽  
Muhammad Yaqub Mujahid ◽  
Sibgha Noreen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
The Government ◽  
Breeding Techniques

<p>The deficiency of micronutrients (zinc, iron, iodine and vitamin A) is persistently afflicting millions of people living across Africa, Southern Americas, Asia and Pakistan. Among these, the zinc deficiency syndrome is occurring by 47.6, 41.3, and 39.2% in pregnant, non-pregnant and children under 5 years, respectively in Pakistan. The reason being that majority of the people subsists on cereal-based diets, i.e., wheat. The commercially grown wheat varieties contain zinc about 25 mg/g, whereas about 40 mg/g zinc is required in daily diet.</p><p>The potential risk of zinc deficiency could be mitigated through certain interventions i.e., mineral drugs, food supplements, diversity in diets, production of fortified foods, and genetic biofortification of staple food crops. Among these, quantum increase in zinc content in wheat grains through genetic manipulation would be basics to alleviate zinc deficiency in the malnourished communities. The objective of the programme is to enhance the concentration of zinc nutrient from 25 to 40 mg/g in wheat grains through conventional plant breeding techniques.</p>Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad in collaboration with Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and International Maize &amp; Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and HarvestPlus, Pakistan started R&amp;D works to develop biofortified high zinc wheat varieties containing around 40 mg/g in the year 2009. The biofortified wheat crop is developed through conventional plant breeding techniques. The germplasm inherited with high zinc nutrient are crossed with high yielding and adopted to ecological conditions. The varieties are high yielding, and inheriting zinc around 40 mg/g in the grains under both irrigated and rainfed production environments. The Government of Punjab has also given high priority to develop and consume biofortified high zinc wheat in its multi-sectoral Nutrition Strategy Plan 2015, as potential agricultural option to address malnutrition in the Punjab province.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Aplikasi Teknik Kriopreservasi untuk Konservasi dan Mendukung Program Pemuliaan Tanaman

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ika Roostika
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Orthodox Seeds ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Term Storage

<p>In the beginning, cryopreservation<br />technique was primarily used for germplasms<br />long-term storage as passive collection because cell division<br />and metabolism process can be stopped at super low<br />temperature, commonly in liquid nitrogen. The technique is<br />suitable for vegetative propagated plants and recalcitrant<br />seeds. Recently, its application is extending for storing many<br />species and orthodox seeds. In this paper, the development<br />of cryopreservation application is discussed. In Indonesia,<br />cryopreservation is being studied but the application of<br />cryopreservation has been significantly developed abroad.<br />The application of cryopreservation technique is not only for<br />preserving passive collections but also for storing active<br />collections, including to provide plant materials for hybridization,<br />cellular engineering, genetic transformation, as well<br />as pathogens eradication or cryotherapy. It is concluded that<br />cryopreservation plays an important role in conventional and<br />modern plant breeding program.</p>

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