scholarly journals Effects of branched-chain amino acids on glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic men and women: a randomized, crossover study

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Lung Woo ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Mark Hsu ◽  
Alicia Yang ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

ABSTRACT Background Recent studies have shown that circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are elevated in obese, insulin-resistant individuals. However, it is not known if supplementation of additional BCAAs will further impair glucose metabolism. Objectives The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effects of BCAA supplementation on glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic individuals. Methods This is a randomized crossover study involving 12 obese individuals with prediabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a daily supplement containing either 20 g BCAA or protein low in BCAAs for 4 wk with a 2-wk washout in between. At each visit, an oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Collected blood samples were used to measure glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance–associated biomarkers. Results BCAA supplementation tended to decrease the plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC) measured by the OGTT (AUC percentage change from supplementation baseline, BCAA: −3.3% ± 3%; low-BCAA: 10.0% ± 6%; P = 0.08). However, BCAA supplementation did not affect plasma insulin during OGTT challenge (BCAA: −3.9% ± 8%; low-BCAA: 14.8% ± 10%; P = 0.28). The plasma concentrations of nerve growth factor (BCAA: 4.0 ± 1 pg/mL; low-BCAA: 5.7 ± 1 pg/mL; P = 0.01) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (BCAA: −0.4% ± 9%; low-BCAA: 29.0% ± 18%; P = 0.02) were significantly lowered by BCAA supplementation compared to low-BCAA control. Plasma interleukin 1β was significantly elevated by BCAA supplementation (BCAA: 231.4% ± 187%; low-BCAA: 20.6% ± 33%; P = 0.05). BCAA supplementation did not affect the circulating concentrations of the BCAAs leucine (BCAA: 9.0% ± 12%; low-BCAA: 9.2% ± 11%), valine (BCAA: 9.1% ± 11%; low-BCAA: 12.0% ± 13%), or isoleucine (BCAA: 2.5% ± 11%; low-BCAA: 7.3% ± 11%). Conclusions Our data suggest that BCAA supplementation did not impair glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic subjects. Further studies are needed to confirm the results seen in the present study. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03715010.

scholarly journals Association between plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and adipokines in Japanese adults without diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Katagiri ◽  
Atsushi Goto ◽  
Sanjeev Budhathoki ◽  
Taiki Yamaji ◽  
Hiroshi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Metabolic consequences of methylenecyclopropylglycine poisoning in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Melde ◽  
S Jackson ◽  
K Bartlett ◽  
H S A Sherratt ◽  
S Ghisla
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Branched Chain

We describe the effects of methylenecyclopropylglycine in fasted rats. A 75% decrease in the blood glucose concentration and an increase of lactate and pyruvate were observed 6 h after administration of 100 mg of this amino acid/kg. By contrast with the effects reported for hypoglycin [Williamson & Wilson (1965) Biochem. J. 94, 19c-21c], the plasma concentrations of ketone bodies decreased after administration of methylenecyclopropylglycine and the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in the plasma were increased 6-fold. The oxidation of decanoylcarnitine or of palmitate was nearly completely inhibited in rat liver mitochondria from methylenecyclopropylglycine-poisoned rats. The activities of acetoacetyl-CoA and of 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase were decreased to 25% and less than 10% of the controls. There was a pronounced aciduria, due to the excretion of dicarboxylic acids and of oxidation products of branched-chain amino acids. The accumulation of the toxic metabolite methylenecyclopropylformyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix was detected after administration of methylenecyclopropylglycine. Similarly we confirmed experimentally that methylenecyclopropylacetyl-CoA accumulates in mitochondria incubated with methylenecyclopropylpyruvate.

Amino acid metabolism in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat: effects of insulin resistance and of type 2 diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoka P Wijekoon ◽  
Craig Skinner ◽  
Margaret E Brosnan ◽  
John T Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Branched Chain

We investigated amino acid metabolism in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF Gmi fa/fa) rat during the prediabetic insulin-resistant stage and the frank type 2 diabetic stage. Amino acids were measured in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle, and the ratios of plasma/liver and plasma/skeletal muscle were calculated. At the insulin-resistant stage, the plasma concentrations of the gluconeogenic amino acids aspartate, serine, glutamine, glycine, and histidine were decreased in the ZDF Gmi fa/fa rats, whereas taurine, α-aminoadipic acid, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and the 3 branched-chain amino acids were significantly increased. At the diabetic stage, a larger number of gluconeogenic amino acids had decreased plasma concentrations. The 3 branched-chain amino acids had elevated plasma concentrations. In the liver and the skeletal muscles, concentrations of many of the gluconeogenic amino acids were lower at both stages, whereas the levels of 1 or all of the branched-chain amino acids were elevated. These changes in amino acid concentrations are similar to changes seen in type 1 diabetes. It is evident that insulin resistance alone is capable of bringing about many of the changes in amino acid metabolism observed in type 2 diabetes.Key words: plasma amino acids, liver amino acids, muscle amino acids, gluconeogenesis.

scholarly journals Dietary Intakes and Circulating Concentrations of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among High-Risk Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre K Tobias ◽  
Clary Clish ◽  
Samia Mora ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Liming Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
High Risk Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract BACKGROUND Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, valine) are consistently associated with increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but the relationship with dietary intake of BCAAs is less clear. METHODS The longitudinal Nurses' Health Study II cohort conducted a blood collection from 1996 to 1999. We profiled plasma metabolites among 172 incident T2D cases and 175 age-matched controls from women reporting a history of gestational diabetes before blood draw. We estimated dietary energy-adjusted BCAAs from food frequency questionnaires. We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of T2D risk across quartiles (Q1–Q4) of BCAAs, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, family history, and other established risk factors. We also assessed joint exposure to below/above medians of diet and plasma concentrations, with lower diet/lower plasma as reference. RESULTS Dietary and plasma BCAA concentrations were positively associated with incident T2D (diet Q4 vs Q1 OR = 4.6, CI = 1.6, 13.4; plasma Q4 vs Q1 OR = 4.4, CI = 1.4, 13.4). Modeling the joint association indicated that higher diet BCAAs were associated with T2D when plasma concentrations were also higher (OR = 6.0, CI = 2.1, 17.2) but not when concentrations were lower (OR = 1.6, CI = 0.61, 4.1). Conversely, higher plasma BCAAs were associated with increased T2D for either lower or higher diet. CONCLUSIONS Independent of BMI and other risk factors, higher diet and plasma BCAA concentrations were associated with an increased incident T2D risk among high-risk women with a history of gestational diabetes, supporting impaired BCAA metabolism as conferring T2D risk.

scholarly journals Effects on nitrogen balance and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids by growing pigs of supplementing isoleucine and valine to diets with adequate or excess concentrations of dietary leucine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong B Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Diets based on high levels of corn protein have elevated concentrations of Leu, which may negatively affect N retention in pigs. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test the hypothesis that Ile and Val supplementation may overcome the detrimental effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in growing pigs. A total of 144 barrows (initial body weight: 28.5 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 18 dietary treatments. The basal diet contained 0.98% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and had SID Leu, Val, and Ile ratios to SID Lys of 100%, 60%, and 43%, respectively. Crystalline l-Leu (0% or 2.0%), l-Ile (0%, 0.1%, or 0.2%), and l-Val (0%, 0.1%, or 0.2%) were added to the basal diet resulting in a total of 18 dietary treatments that were arranged in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. Blood, skeletal muscle, and liver samples were collected at the conclusion of the experiment. There were no three-way interactions among the main effects. Excess Leu in diets reduced (P < 0.05) N retention and biological value of protein and increased (P < 0.001) plasma urea N (PUN), but PUN was reduced (P < 0.05) as dietary Val increased. Concentrations of Leu in the liver were greater (P < 0.001) in pigs fed excess Leu diets than in pigs fed adequate Leu diets, but concentrations of BCAA in muscle were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed low-Leu diets. Increasing dietary Ile increased (P < 0.001) plasma-free Ile and plasma concentration of the Ile metabolite, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, but the increase was greater in diets without excess Leu than in diets with excess Leu (interaction, P < 0.001). Plasma concentrations of Val and the Val metabolite α-keto isovalerate increased (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary Val in diets with adequate Leu, but not in diets with excess Leu (interaction, P < 0.001). Increasing dietary Leu increased (P < 0.001) plasma-free Leu and plasma concentration of the Leu metabolite, α-keto isocaproate (KIC). In contrast, increased dietary Val reduced (P < 0.05) the plasma concentration of KIC. In conclusion, excess dietary Leu reduced N retention and increased PUN in growing pigs, but Val supplementation to excess Leu diets may increase the efficiency of amino acid utilization for protein synthesis as indicated by reduced PUN.

Effects of individual branched-chain amino acids deprivation on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in mice

Metabolism ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xiao ◽  
Junjie Yu ◽  
Yajie Guo ◽  
Jiali Deng ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain
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