scholarly journals What Makes Our Medical Laboratory Workforce Unique?

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S118-S119
Author(s):  
K Arora ◽  
G Sharma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
United States Census ◽  
Clin Pathol ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Labor Pool

Abstract Introduction/Objective A career in the medical laboratory requires advanced education and technical training. To assist both employers and employees, several government organizations conduct demographic, education, and wage surveys for the general U.S. labor market. Through its workforce surveys, the American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) does the same for the medical laboratory professions. Our aim was to compare the findings of these surveys and identify similarities and dissimilarities between the general labor pool and the medical laboratory workforce. Methods/Case Report Since the 2021 ASCP Wage survey is currently open, we reviewed the findings described in ASCP’s 2019 Wage Survey of Medical Laboratories in the United States (Am J Clin Pathol 2021;155:649-673) with the publicly available information (for 2019) on demographics, educational attainment, and average hourly earnings available on the websites of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov) as well as United States Census (www.census.gov). Results (if a Case Study enter NA) In 2019, the male: female ratio was 52.9:47.1 in general labor pool and 19.1:80.9 in the medical laboratory workforce. The average age of a worker in the general labor pool was 41.9 years and was 42 years in the medical laboratory workforce. The average hourly earnings were $27.99/hour in the general labor pool and ranged from $16.64/hour (phlebotomists) to $53.95/hour (pathologists assistants) in the medical laboratory workforce, with the MLS/MT/CLS earning $30.02/hour to $52.53/hour. While 33.1% adults in the U.S. have attained a bachelor’s degree or above, 73.79% have attained this in the medical laboratory workforce. Conclusion Compared to the general labor pool, the medical laboratory workforce is a highly educated workforce and has a higher participation by women. The average worker age and average hourly wage are comparable. We encourage laboratorians to participate in ASCP surveys since such surveys reveal data that can drive better prospects for the medical laboratory workforce.

scholarly journals Improving Undergraduate Life Science Education for the Biosciences Workforce: Overcoming the Disconnect between Educators and Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. es12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Thompson ◽  
Joseph Sanchez ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Judy Costello ◽  
Amrita Madabushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
College And University ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Undergraduate Institutions ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Undergraduate Programs

The BioHealth Capital Region (Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC; BHCR) is flush with colleges and universities training students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines and has one of the most highly educated workforces in the United States. However, current educational approaches and business recruitment tactics are not drawing sufficient talent to sustain the bioscience workforce pipeline. Surveys conducted by the Mid-Atlantic Biology Research and Career Network identified a disconnect between stakeholders who are key to educating, training, and hiring college and university graduates, resulting in several impediments to workforce development in the BHCR: 1) students are underinformed or unaware of bioscience opportunities before entering college and remain so at graduation; 2) students are not job ready at the time of graduation; 3) students are mentored to pursue education beyond what is needed and are therefore overqualified (by degree) for most of the available jobs in the region; 4) undergraduate programs generally lack any focus on workforce development; and 5) few industry–academic partnerships with undergraduate institutions exist in the region. The reality is that these issues are neither surprising nor restricted to the BHCR. Recommendations are presented to facilitate improvement in the preparation of graduates for today’s bioscience industries throughout the United States.

Are You Ready for Some Football? Estimating the Effect of American Football Season on Labor Supply in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 152700252110246
Author(s):  
Luke Petach ◽  
Dustin Rumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Football ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Supply Effect ◽  
The Business Cycle

American football season reduces the Monday labor hours of employed men by two-thirds of an hour. A similar effect is found for Friday labor hours. We term these effects the “hangover effect” and “happy hour effect.” Consistent with a wide class of labor market models, the labor supply effect varies over the business cycle, increasing in expansions. The hangover effect implies an intertemporal elasticity of labor supply on the order of 0.014. Evaluated at the median hourly wage, our estimates imply an annual economic cost of foregone earnings associated with football season in the neighborhood of $5.06 billion.

scholarly journals The utility of ‘home-made’ reagent red blood cells for antibody screening during pre-transfusion compatibility testing in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 782-787
Author(s):  
Bernard Natukunda ◽  
Robert Wagubi ◽  
Ivan Taremwa ◽  
Benson Okongo ◽  
Yona Mbalibulha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extended Phenotype ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Fusion Safety ◽  
Indirect Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Male To Female

Background: The WHO recommends that pre-transfusion testing should include ABO/RhD grouping followed by screen- ing for red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies using the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). However, in Uganda, current practice does not include RBC alloantibody screening. Objective: To assess the utility of ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs in alloantibody screening. Materials and methods: In a laboratory-based study, group O RhD positive volunteer donors were recruited and their extended phenotype performed for C, c, E, e, K, Fya, Fyb Jkb, S and s antigens. These ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs were preserved using Alsever’s solution and alloantibody detection tests performed. For quality assurance, repeat alloantibody screening of patients’ samples was done at Bloodworks Northwest Laboratory in Seattle, United States. Results: A total of 36 group O RhD positive individuals were recruited as reagent RBC donors (median age, 25 years; range, 21 – 58 years; male-to-female ratio, 1.6:1). Out of the 311 IATs performed, 32 (10.3%) were positive. Confirmatory IAT testing in the United States was in agreement with the findings in Uganda. Conclusion: Use of ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs during pre-transfusion testing in Uganda is feasible. We recommend the introduction of pre-transfusion IAT alloantibody screening in Uganda using ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs to improve trans- fusion safety. Keywords: Blood transfusion; ‘Home-made’ reagent RBCs; Pre-transfusion testing; RBC alloantibody screening; Uganda.

Asthma in the Critically Ill Patient

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Danaraj ◽  
Augustine S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Male To Female

Asthma is a common condition that affects an estimated 24 million children and adults in the United States (prevalence, 8%-10%). Globally, over 300 million people are affected and the number is expected to increase. The age distribution is bimodal, but in most patients, asthma is diagnosed before age 18 years (male to female ratio, 2:1 in children; 1:1 in adults). Susceptibility to asthma is multifactorial with both genetic and environmental factors. The strongest risk factor is atopy, a sensitivity to the development of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to specific allergens. A person with atopy is 3- to 4-fold more likely to have asthma than a person without atopy. Other risk factors include birth weight, prematurity, tobacco use (including secondary exposure), and obesity.

The Location of Foreign Human Capital in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Waldorf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Community Surveys ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Locational Choices ◽  
Domestic Migrants

Among the millions of newcomers entering the United States every decade, those with extensive human capital are of particular importance for local economies. This study uses data from the American Community Surveys, 2004 to 2007 and compares the locational patterns of highly educated individuals coming from abroad with that of highly educated individuals migrating internally. The study finds that the locational choices of highly educated newcomers from abroad are similar to those of highly educated domestic migrants but that there are some important differences. Gateway states are substantially more successful in attracting human capital from abroad than domestic human capital; foreign human capital is more strongly attracted to existing human capital agglomerations than domestic human capital; and a manufacturing-based industry is a deterrent for the attraction of both foreign and domestic highly educated in-migrants, but the deterrent effect is stronger for domestic human capital than for human capital from abroad.

scholarly journals 370. Comparing Trends and Outcomes among HIV-Infected vs. HIV Uninfected Patients with Tuberculosis: A 5-Year Experience Within the Florida Department of Health in Hillsborough County

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S194-S194
Author(s):  
Shylah M Moore-Pardo ◽  
Anteneh Addisu ◽  
Tea Reljic ◽  
Sadaf Aslam ◽  
Beata Casanas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Although the rate of tuberculosis (TB) has significantly declined in the United States, elimination has plateaued. Florida is one of the states with the greatest number of cases. The majority of cases occur in foreign-born individuals. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also a major contributor. HIV-TB coinfection leads to reciprocal interactions with significant clinical impact. We aim to compare the risk factors, clinical findings, and outcomes among HIV-infected vs. HIV uninfected patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study of TB cases over a 5 year period (2012–2017) was conducted. All patients with HIV co-infection with age- and gender-matched HIV negative controls were included. The diagnosis of TB was made via clinical, microbiological, radiological, and/or PCR based methods. SPSS was used for statistical data analysis. Results A total of 411 TB cases were identified and 66 patients (33 HIV-infected plus 33 HIV un-infected) were eligible for inclusion. The median age was 49 years (range 22–70). The male to female ratio was 21:12 and 50% of patients had TB symptoms; the rest had abnormal imaging or lab finding. Cases were confirmed via positive sputum smear, culture, or PCR (Figures 1–3). Only 11 patients were lost to follow-up, thus 83.3% completed therapy. A total of 5 persons died (Table 1). Conclusion The rate of HIV-TB coinfection in the United States was 5.3% in 2018; higher among injection drugs users, homeless persons, inmates, and alcoholics. In our study, the rate of HIV-TB coinfection was slightly higher (8%). The difference was not statistically significant in regards to foreign born, homelessness, and incarceration. Only 3 patients admitted to injection drug use and 9 used alcohol (all HIV negative). Traditionally, HIV-TB coinfected patients have extra-pulmonary TB with higher rates of negative sputum and are at increased risk of death. In our cohort, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.009) only for cavitary TB (predominated in HIV un-infected) but no difference in outcomes was observed between the two groups. These findings suggest changing trends in HIV-TB coinfection which may be partly related to our setting and demographics but may be attributed to better access to care and antiretroviral therapy at large. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Marketing's Little-Known Microscope

1964 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Census ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marketing Information

Vast quantities of marketing information are gathered and tabulated every 10 years in the United States Census, but only a small fraction of these data are used by the average marketer. Detailed to the point of being almost microscopic and supremely useful when properly employed, the census-tract tabulations have not been popularly used in the past. The author explains how census-tract tabulations can be put to work, and gives details on the application of this highly sophisticated tool to several forms of marketing.

Czechs and Slovaks in the United States Census.

1939 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Roucek ◽  
Thomas Capek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Census

Travel Effects of a Suburban Commuter Carsharing Service

2005 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Shaheen ◽  
Caroline J. Rodier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Transit Use

Since 1998, carsharing organizations in the United States have experienced exponential membership growth, but to date there have been only a few evaluations of their effects on travel. Using the results of focus groups, interviews, and surveys, this paper examines the change in travel among members of CarLink–-a carsharing model in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, with explicit links to transit and suburban employment–-after approximately 1 year of participation. The demographic and attitudinal analyses of CarLink members indicated that the typical member ( a) was more likely than an average Bay Area resident to be highly educated, in an upper income bracket, and professionally employed and ( b) displayed sensitivity to congestion, willingness to try new experiences, and environmental concern. Some of the more important commuter travel effects of the CarLink programs included an increase in rail transit use by 23 percentage points in CarLink I and II; a reduction in driving without passengers by 44 and 23 percentage points in CarLink I and II, respectively; a reduction in average vehicle miles traveled by 23 mi in CarLink II and by 18 mi in CarLink I; an increase in travel time and a reduction in travel stress; a reduction in vehicle ownership by almost 6% in CarLink II; and reduced parking demand at participating train stations and among member businesses. The CarLink travel results are compared with those of neighborhood carsharing models in the United States and Europe.

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