Androgen Receptor Overexpression in Patients With Prostate Cancer in Kampala, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S86-S87 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Yahaya ◽  
Florence Ajok ◽  
Michael Odida ◽  
Henry Wabinga
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Expert

Abstract Objectives This study was aimed at determining the status of androgen receptor overexpression in patients with PCa and also correlating overexpression with Gleason score, patient age, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical laboratory-based study using retrospectively retrieved formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of 93 PCa patients who were diagnosed histologically between January and December 2018. Immunostaining was done using AR antibody. Cases with ≥10% positive cells having staining intensity of +1 and above were considered positive. Confirmation of the histological diagnosis and interpretation of the IHC-stained slides were done by two independent expert pathologists in a blinded manner. The association between AR overexpression and categorical variables was tested using the chi-square test, while continuous variables were tested using the t test with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results AR overexpression was found in 54.8% (51/93) of the cases in this study. Majority of patients, 73.1% (68/93), had a Gleason score of 8 to 10, whereas a Gleason score of 6 to 7 was found in 26.9% (25/93). The mean Gleason score for the cases was 8.47 ± 1.52. Patients with a low Gleason score (≤7) had a higher proportion of AR overexpression than those with a high Gleason score (>8) and the difference was statistically significant (P = .013). Conclusion The clinical relevance of this study was that AR overexpression is associated with a Gleason score but not with age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). AR overexpression was an independent predictor of PCa prognosis.

scholarly journals Perineural invasion, Gleason score and prostate specific antigen; is there any association?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yazdani ◽  
Ali Karami ◽  
Emadeddin Yazdani-Kachouei ◽  
Farhad Tadayon
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Prostatic Cancer ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prostate Biopsies

Introduction: Prostatic cancer is one of the most common malignancies among males. Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common finding of prostate cancer associated with more aggressive malignancies. Objectives: The current study was conducted to assess the association of PNI with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score. Patients and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 354 known cases of prostatic cancer (2015 until 2017). Patients’ last PSA and Gleason score wit h presence/lack of PNI in their prostate biopsies were recorded. The association of PNI with PSA and Gleason score was assessed. Results: Serum level of PSA and Gleason core were significantly higher in patients with PNI (P< 0.001 for both). Gleason score was independently a predictor of PNI (odds ratio [OR]: 3.05, 95% CI:2.32- 4.001; P=0.001). Serum PSA level of 17 ng/mL had specificity of 90.3% and sensitivity of 42.7% for prediction of PNI. Conclusion: In this study we found, Gleason score is independently a prognostic factor of PNI among cases undergone prostate biopsy. In addition, serum PSA level of 17 ng/mL was 90.3% specific and 42.7% sensitive for PNI occurrence. However, our findings require further evaluations by larger studies.

scholarly journals The growing use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist: Lessons learned at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Sama DOHBIT ◽  
Namanou Ines Emma WOKS ◽  
Carlin Héméry KOUDJINE ◽  
Willy TAFEN ◽  
Pascal FOUMANE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Childbirth Checklist ◽  
Safe Childbirth

Abstract Background: Safe childbirth remains a daunting challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where most pregnancy-related deaths occur. Cameroon’s maternal mortality rate, estimated at 782 per 100,000 live births in 2011 is significantly high. Adherence to good practice standards by birth attendants is key to improving pregnancy outcomes. The WHO Safe Childbirth checklist was designed as a tool to improve the quality of care provided to women giving birth. This checklist was implemented at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obsteric and Pediatric Hospital. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of its utilization is essential to secure a change in attitudes and practice and engender improvement in maternal health. Objective: Evaluate the change in attitudes and practice of nurses and compare outcomes in cases where it was and was not used, 6 months after introduction of the safe childbirth checklist in a maternity setting. Methods: A cross sectional and retrospective study was conducted over a 6 month period (January – June 2018). Predesigned questionnaires were used to collect qualitative data on the checklist from personnel of the maternity and another data collection form used to extract information from patient records. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Chi square test was used to compare categorical variables, while the student test was used to compare continuous variables. Results: Of the 1001 files retrieved from the archives, 25 were excluded. The checklist was used in 828/976 (84.8%) files. We observed an increasing trend in the usage rate, with a peak at 93.9% recorded during the last 2 months. Pages 2 and 3 were least completed, in <10% of cases during the first 5 months. Fewer cases of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were associated with the use of the checklist, compared to patients in whom the checklist was not used (2·1% Vs 5·4%, p = 0·017). Fifty percent of the staff reported that the checklist increased workload while 37.5% mentioned laziness and absence of checklists in some files as a hindrance to its proper use. Conclusion: The use of the safe childbirth checklist improved progressively with a simultaneous reduction in obstetrical and neonatal complications overtime.

Ethnicity, age, and education influence perceptions of vegetable healthiness and macronutrient content

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110511
Author(s):  
McKenna Aram ◽  
Rachel Smallman ◽  
Sherecce A. Fields ◽  
Arianna Larez ◽  
Namino Glantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
White Potato ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Diabetes Status

Objective: To assess perceptions of nutritional content and health value of popular vegetables. Design: Cross-sectional online survey. Participants: A total of 760 adults participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Likert scale ratings of healthy, calories, carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, for (i) avocado, (ii) romaine lettuce, (iii) white potato, (iv) white onion, and (v) red tomato. Analysis: ANOVAs for continuous variables and Chi-square for categorical variables. Outcomes for nutritional content were compared using separate one-way ANOVAs with ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino vs. non-Hispanic); education (college degree/no college degree); age (18–34, 35–50, 51–70, 70 + ); and diabetes status (with or without diabetes) as the grouping variables. Results: Significant ethnicity effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, onion, and tomato. Education level effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, and tomato. Age level effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, and tomato. Conclusions and Implications: Participant perceptions of the macronutrient content of common vegetables and fruits largely coincided with the US Department of Agriculture values. However, stratifying by ethnicity, age, and education revealed significant differences in both macronutrient perceptions and perceived healthiness. There were no consistent, significant results for interactions of ethnicity by education, nor ethnicity by age. These results suggest that dietary interventions may need to be adjusted based on participant sociodemographic characteristics linked to the perceptions of nutritional value and healthiness.

Association between parents’ physical activity and mode of commuting with their offsprings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO RODRIGUEZ ◽  
Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado ◽  
Yaira Barranco-Ruiz ◽  
María Jesús Aranda-Balboa ◽  
Palma Chillón
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background. Some studies have reported a positive association between parents and their offspring’s physical activity (PA), but few have examined the difference in these associations concerning both genders. The objective of this study was to establish the association between moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and mode of commuting (MC) of the parents with their offspring’s MC, by gender and age group. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 686 parents (mothers: 52.8%) and their offsprings (33.8% girls). Each participant completed a questionnaire on PA and MC. Chi-square test, Odds Ratio for categorical variables and lineal regressions for continuous variables were used to examine the associations between the parents and their offspring. Results. An inverse association was found between fathers-children in the weekend MVPA in children and between mothers-adolescents in out-of-school and weekend MVPA in adolescents, specifically, an inverse association was found in MVPA between mothers-girls and 2) the different parents’ MC to work were positively associated with the MC to school in children and adolescents except for the association AC parents-adolescents and specifically, the AC was mainly associated between mothers and girls and boys. Conclusion. This study emphasizes the importance of involving parents in school-based interventions to create a positive ripple effect in PA-related behaviours.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Analysis of Radiographic Ankle Osteoarthritis Frequency and Associated Factors: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahmeer Lateef ◽  
Yvonne M. Golightly ◽  
Jordan B. Renner ◽  
Joanne M. Jordan ◽  
Amanda E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Ankle Osteoarthritis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
History Of

Objective.Because there are no epidemiologic data regarding the frequency of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) in a general population, we sought to analyze this disabling condition in a large, well-characterized, community-based cohort of older individuals.Methods.Cross-sectional data, including ankle radiographs, were from the most recent data collection (2013–2015) of the Johnston County OA Project. Radiographic ankle OA (rAOA) was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence arthritis grading scale of ≥ 2 on weight-bearing lateral and mortise radiographs. The presence of pain, aching, or stiffness in the ankles as well as history of ankle injury (limiting ability to walk for at least 2 days) were assessed. Chi-square statistics (categorical variables) and Student t tests (continuous variables) were used to compare all participant characteristics by rAOA status. Joint-based logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations of rAOA and covariates of interest [age, body mass index (BMI), sex, race, ankle symptoms, and injury history].Results.Of 864 participants with available data, 68% were women, 34% were African American, with a mean age of 72 years and BMI of 31 kg/m2. Nearly 7% of this sample had rAOA. Increasing age, high BMI, history of ankle injury, and presence of ankle symptoms were all independently associated with greater odds of having rAOA; no significant differences were seen by sex or race.Conclusion.The frequency of rAOA was higher than estimates generally quoted in the literature. While injury was an important contributor, other factors such as age, BMI, and symptoms were also significantly associated with rAOA.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Dilemmas: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Analysis of Adrenal Incidentaloma Pathology Based on Radiographic Size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zekan ◽  
Robert Scott King ◽  
Ali Hajiran ◽  
Apexa Patel ◽  
Samuel Deem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Adenoma ◽  
Simple Logistic

Abstract Introduction/Background Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are masses >1 cm found incidentally during radiographic imaging. They are present in up to 4.4% of patients undergoing CT scan, and incidence is increasing with usage and sensitivity of cross-sectional imaging. Most result in diagnosis of adrenal cortical adenoma, questioning guidelines recommending removal of all AIs with negative functional workup. This retrospective study analyzes histological outcome based on size of non-functional adrenal masses. Material and Methods 10 years of data was analyzed from two academic institutions. Exclusion criteria included patients with positive functional workups, those who underwent adrenalectomy during nephrectomy, <18 years, and incomplete records. AI radiologic and histologic size, histologic outcome, laterality, imaging modality, gender, and age were collected. T-test was used for comparison of continuous variables, and the two-sided Fisher’s exact or chi-square test were used to determine differences for categorical variables. Univariate analysis of each independent variable was performed using simple logistic regression. Results 73 adrenalectomies met the above inclusion criteria. 60 were detected on CT scan, 12 on MRI, and one on ultrasound. Eight of 73 cases resulted in malignant pathology, 3 of which were adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Each ACC measured >6 cm, with mean radiologic and pathologic sizes of 11.2 cm and 11.3 cm. Both radiologic and pathologic size were significant predictors of malignancy (p=0.008 and 0.011). Conclusions Our results question the generally-accepted 4 cm cutoff for excision of metabolically-silent AIs. They suggest a 6 cm threshold would suffice to avoid removal of benign lesions while maintaining sensitivity for ACC.

scholarly journals Correlation Between PSA Density and Gleason Score In Prostate Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Md Naved Yusuf ◽  
Sudip Das Gupta ◽  
Mohammed Mianur Rahman ◽  
Md Mahmud Ur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
The Mean

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common form of malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among men. The histological grade is an independent determinant of disease prognosis and survival. The Gleason System (GS) grading is the most widely accepted classification. Several recent studies have searched for factors that could predict GS upgrading. High prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) has been shown to be predictors of risk progression in many studies, reflecting the possibility of undetected aggressive cancer. Objective: To detect the association between PSA density and Gleason score in prostate cancer patients. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the department of urology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford hospital, Dhaka. Patients diagnosed as prostate cancer meeting the inclusion criteria admitted in the above mentioned place was the study population. Statistical analyses were carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Student t-test was used for continuous variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between the groups. P values <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Total eighty three patients were included in this study. The mean age was found 69.2±7.7 years ranging from 50 to 85 years. The mean volume of prostate was 42.3±17.6 ml ranging from 13.0 to 68.0 ml. The mean Gleason score was 7.8±1.4 ranging from 6.0 to 10.0. More than one third (33.7%) patients had PSA density 0.15- 0.5 ng/ml/ml. Three patients had found Gleason score 9 (5+4) within PSA density 0.51-1.0 ng/ml/ml, 5 patients within PSA density 1.1-1.5 ng/ml/ml, 3 patients within PSA density 1.51-2.0 ng/ml/ml, 6 patients within PSA density 2.1-2.5 ng/ml/ml, 5 patients within PSA density 2.51-3.0 ng/ml/ml and 2 patients within PSA density >3.0 ng/ml/ml. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) among seven groups. Positive correlation (r=0.717; p=0.001) between PSA density with Gleason score. Conclusion: In this study, we find there is a strong correlation between PSA density and Gleason score. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.164-168

scholarly journals Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio prior to prostate biopsy to predict biopsy histology: Results of 1836 patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ilker Gokce ◽  
Nurullah Hamidi ◽  
Evren Suer ◽  
Semih Tangal ◽  
Adil Huseynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: We evaluate the role of NLR prior to prostate biopsy to predict biopsy histology and Gleason score in patients with prostate cancer.Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated data of patients underwent prostate biopsy between May 2005 and March 2015. We collected the following data: age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), biopsy histology, Gleason score (GS) in prostate cancer patients, neutrophil counts, and lymphocyte counts. Patients were grouped as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, and prostatitis. The Chi square test was used to compare categorical variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for continuous variables.Results: Data of 1836 patients were investigated. The mean age, total PSA and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of the population were 66.8 ± 8.17 years, 9.38 ± 4.7 ng/dL, and 3.11 ± 1.71, respectively. Patients were divided as follows: 625 in the group with BPH history, 600 in the prostatitis group, and 611 in the prostate cancer histology group. The mean NLR of the prostatitis group was higher compared to the prostate cancer and BPH groups (p = 0.0001). The mean NLR of the prostate cancer group was significantly higher compared to the BPH group (p = 0.002). The GS 8–10 group had a significantly higher mean NLR compared to GS 5–6 (3.64 vs. 2.54, p = 0.0001) and GS 7 (3.64 vs. 2.58, p = 0.0001) patients.Conclusions: NLR was found to differ with regard to histology of prostate biopsy and higher GS was associated with higher NLR in patients with prostate cancer. However prostatitis prevents the use of NLR in predicting prostate cancer before a prostate biopsy. Also, the retrospective nature and lack of multivariate analysis in this study somewhat limits the relevance of these results.

scholarly journals Morbidade neonatal dos recém-nascidos pré-termo tardios comparados aos de termo precoce

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Lourenço ◽  
Marco Fernandes ◽  
Clara Gomes ◽  
Cristina Resende
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate

Aims: To evaluate and compare neonatal morbidity between late-preterm infants (LPTI) and early term infants (ETI).Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study, including live births at a regional referral maternity hospital in Portugal, in the years 2014 and 2015, with gestational age between 340/7 and 386/7 weeks. LPTI (340/7-366/7 weeks) were considered as cases and ETI (370/7-386/7 weeks) were considered controls. Neonates with congenital malformations, lack of prenatal care and hospitalization for social/maternal reasons were excluded. We evaluated and compared neonatal morbidity between the two groups, using Student's t-test for comparison between means (continuous variables) and Chi-square or Fisher's test for comparison between categorical variables. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated and adjusted (aOR) to birth weight, maternal disease, type of birth and multiple pregnancy. A value of p <0,05 was considered of statistical significance.Results: A total of 1,745 neonates were evaluated: 324 cases (LPTI) and 1,421 controls (ETI). LPTI was associated with a higher frequency of maternal hypertension and gestational diabetes and higher rates of twinning and cesarean section. LPTI also had a higher risk for resuscitation (OR = 2.0 - 95%CI 1.3-3.0); hypoglycemia (aOR = 4.9 - 95%CI 2.9-8.2); hyperbilirubinemia (aOR = 4.8 - 95%CI 3.7-6.2), transient tachypnea (aOR = 6.4 - 95%CI 4.0-10.3); eating difficulties (aOR = 6.6 - 95%CI 4.8-8.9); sepsis (aOR = 4.4 - 95%CI 4.8-8.9); hospital stay ≥5 days (aOR = 8.6 - 95%CI 6.6-11.3); and lower exclusive breastfeeding rate (aOR = 0.2 - 95%CI 0.15-0.3).Conclusions: In comparison to ETI, LPTI presented a higher risk of morbidity. This study reinforces the need for appropriate clinical follow-up of LPTI in the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the time lag to the second eye cataract surgery in a hospital-based population

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Charu Malik ◽  
Manjit S Bhatia ◽  
Upreet Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Cataract can be treated successfully, yet patients delay surgery. Surgery in one eye may not promote surgery in the second. Objectives: To determine the time lag to the second eye cataract surgery and identify the factors that affect it. Materials and methods: This study was conducted at an ophthalmology out-patient department of a teaching hospital and was an observational, cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients of over 45 years who had had cataract surgery in one eye and had visually significant senile cataract in the other were categorized into those that requested sequential surgery (Group 1) and those that refused (Group 2). The relevant history and vision were recorded. A questionnaire was used to seek possible responsible factors that determined the refusal for the second surgery. Statistical analysis: Categorical variables were compared between groups using the chi-square test and continuous variables using the Student t-test. Factors significantly affecting the time lag were subjected to the analysis of covariance. Rresults: Of the 250 patients of the study, only 104 (41.6 %) requested the second eye surgery, less than one-fifth within one year. Thirteen patients from Group 2 presented with complications of hypermaturity in the second eye. The average time lag was 2.39 ± 2.19 years. It was significantly more in Group 2 patients (p = 0.024) who also reported more barriers (2.75 ± 1.23 versus 1.58 ± 1.10; p = 0.005). The factors that increased the time lag were older age (p = 0.028), extra-capsular surgery (p < 0.001), and being able to manage after the first surgery (p = 0.011) in Group1, and eye-camp (p = 0.021) or extra-capsular surgery (p < 0.001) in Group 2 patients. Conclusions: One-fifth of the patients reported back for sequential surgery within one year. Patients who refused surgery had more barriers; most were related to the first surgery and should be anticipated by compassionate ophthalmic professionals after surgery in the first eye. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10761   Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 31-38

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