Ethnicity, age, and education influence perceptions of vegetable healthiness and macronutrient content

Objective: To assess perceptions of nutritional content and health value of popular vegetables. Design: Cross-sectional online survey. Participants: A total of 760 adults participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Likert scale ratings of healthy, calories, carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, for (i) avocado, (ii) romaine lettuce, (iii) white potato, (iv) white onion, and (v) red tomato. Analysis: ANOVAs for continuous variables and Chi-square for categorical variables. Outcomes for nutritional content were compared using separate one-way ANOVAs with ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino vs. non-Hispanic); education (college degree/no college degree); age (18–34, 35–50, 51–70, 70 + ); and diabetes status (with or without diabetes) as the grouping variables. Results: Significant ethnicity effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, onion, and tomato. Education level effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, and tomato. Age level effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, and tomato. Conclusions and Implications: Participant perceptions of the macronutrient content of common vegetables and fruits largely coincided with the US Department of Agriculture values. However, stratifying by ethnicity, age, and education revealed significant differences in both macronutrient perceptions and perceived healthiness. There were no consistent, significant results for interactions of ethnicity by education, nor ethnicity by age. These results suggest that dietary interventions may need to be adjusted based on participant sociodemographic characteristics linked to the perceptions of nutritional value and healthiness.

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Predicting Outcome in Skull Base Osteomyelitis: An Assessment of Demographic, Clinical, and Pathological Attributes

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735324 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alisha Saxena ◽

Birinder Singh Paul ◽

Gagandeep Singh ◽

Archana Ahluwalia ◽

Gunchan Paul

Keyword(s):

Skull Base ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Chi Square ◽

Duration Of Symptoms ◽

Skull Base Osteomyelitis ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Diabetes Status

Abstract Objective Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is an enigmatic clinical diagnosis which is difficult to decipher and is associated with poor outcomes. The study aims to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SBO and its outcomes. Materials and Methods Medical records of 30 patients with diagnosis of SBO over past 5 years were assessed for demographic and clinical characteristics, type of SBO, radiological parameters, treatment received, procedure performed, microbiological profile, comorbidities, and complications including cranial nerve (CN) palsies. These factors were analyzed for prediction of outcome (death or survival). Statistical Analysis Microsoft Office Excel 2010 SAS 10.0 for Windows was used. Student's t-test for continuous variables (age, duration of symptoms, number of days of hospitalization, and treatment duration) and chi-square test for categorical variables (imaging findings, symptomatology, presence of comorbidities, surgical procedure, complications, and type of antibiotics) were utilized. Results We found SBO was the disease of elderly population (64.07 ± 6.13 years) with male predominance (83.3%) highly associated with uncontrolled diabetes status (93.3%). Headache (100%) and CN palsy (80%) were the most common neurological presenting complaints followed by stroke (17%) and encephalopathy (10%). Pathological and radiological correlation showed that fungal infection (Aspergillus) was associated with anterior SBO (10%), while bacteria (Pseudomonas) was cultured from posterior SBO (30%). Fifty per cent of patients were alive after 1 year out of which 33% had good functional outcome. The mortality rate was 33.3% in our cohort and multiple lower CN palsies (p = 0.04), suboptimal duration of medical treatment (p = 0.03), surgical intervention during clinical course (p = 0.02), and development of intracranial or extracranial complications (p = 0.03) were the predictors of mortality. Conclusion Early diagnosis including identification of pathogenic organisms and optimal duration of treatment are crucial factors for improved outcomes in SBO.

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The growing use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist: Lessons learned at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Cameroon

10.21203/rs.2.14441/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Julius Sama DOHBIT ◽

Namanou Ines Emma WOKS ◽

Carlin Héméry KOUDJINE ◽

Willy TAFEN ◽

Pascal FOUMANE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Good Practice ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Pediatric Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Safe Childbirth Checklist ◽

Safe Childbirth

Abstract Background: Safe childbirth remains a daunting challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where most pregnancy-related deaths occur. Cameroon’s maternal mortality rate, estimated at 782 per 100,000 live births in 2011 is significantly high. Adherence to good practice standards by birth attendants is key to improving pregnancy outcomes. The WHO Safe Childbirth checklist was designed as a tool to improve the quality of care provided to women giving birth. This checklist was implemented at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obsteric and Pediatric Hospital. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of its utilization is essential to secure a change in attitudes and practice and engender improvement in maternal health. Objective: Evaluate the change in attitudes and practice of nurses and compare outcomes in cases where it was and was not used, 6 months after introduction of the safe childbirth checklist in a maternity setting. Methods: A cross sectional and retrospective study was conducted over a 6 month period (January – June 2018). Predesigned questionnaires were used to collect qualitative data on the checklist from personnel of the maternity and another data collection form used to extract information from patient records. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Chi square test was used to compare categorical variables, while the student test was used to compare continuous variables. Results: Of the 1001 files retrieved from the archives, 25 were excluded. The checklist was used in 828/976 (84.8%) files. We observed an increasing trend in the usage rate, with a peak at 93.9% recorded during the last 2 months. Pages 2 and 3 were least completed, in <10% of cases during the first 5 months. Fewer cases of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were associated with the use of the checklist, compared to patients in whom the checklist was not used (2·1% Vs 5·4%, p = 0·017). Fifty percent of the staff reported that the checklist increased workload while 37.5% mentioned laziness and absence of checklists in some files as a hindrance to its proper use. Conclusion: The use of the safe childbirth checklist improved progressively with a simultaneous reduction in obstetrical and neonatal complications overtime.

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Current Knowledge, Satisfaction, and Use of E-health Mobile Application (Seha) among the General Population of Saudi Arabia: A National Survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.33326 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulelah Mastour Aldhahir ◽

Jaber Saud Alqahtani ◽

Malik A. Althobiani ◽

Saeed M. Alghamdi ◽

Abeer F. Alanazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

General Population ◽

Mobile Application ◽

Online Survey ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Mobile App ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

BACKGROUND Background: The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) decided to enhance telemedicine provision by introducing the Seha mobile app; however, the perception of the Seha app has not been extensively explored from the perspective of the general population OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the current knowledge, satisfaction, and barriers to the use of the Seha app among the general population in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was distributed among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the respondents’ characteristics. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. A chi-square (χ2) test was conducted to assess the statistical difference between respondents’ demographic characteristics and their knowledge and use of the Seha app. RESULTS 2,921 (58%) of the respondents had heard of the app, although only 1,286 (25%) had used Seha. Higher users were noticed among those above 51 years of age and females, 67 (35%) and 804 (28%), respectively. Highest Seha users were from the western region, 388 (29%: P <0.05). Consulting a doctor was the most frequently used service, 576 (58%). Respondents strongly agreed, 402 (41%), or agreed, 470 (48%), that Seha was easy to use. Moreover, 538 (54%) strongly agreed and 343 (35%) agreed that they would recommend Seha to others. The most common barrier to using the Seha app was a lack of knowledge about the app and its benefits, 1,556 (35%). CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: Utilization of the Seha app in Saudi Arabia is very low due to a lack of knowledge about the app and its benefits. Demographic factors and awareness were predictors for higher utilization. Seha was easy to use, and the majority would recommend it to others. Future studies are needed to explore the factors associated with the low rate of use.

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Association between parents’ physical activity and mode of commuting with their offsprings

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40678/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

FERNANDO RODRIGUEZ ◽

Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado ◽

Yaira Barranco-Ruiz ◽

María Jesús Aranda-Balboa ◽

Palma Chillón

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Ripple Effect ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background. Some studies have reported a positive association between parents and their offspring’s physical activity (PA), but few have examined the difference in these associations concerning both genders. The objective of this study was to establish the association between moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and mode of commuting (MC) of the parents with their offspring’s MC, by gender and age group. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 686 parents (mothers: 52.8%) and their offsprings (33.8% girls). Each participant completed a questionnaire on PA and MC. Chi-square test, Odds Ratio for categorical variables and lineal regressions for continuous variables were used to examine the associations between the parents and their offspring. Results. An inverse association was found between fathers-children in the weekend MVPA in children and between mothers-adolescents in out-of-school and weekend MVPA in adolescents, specifically, an inverse association was found in MVPA between mothers-girls and 2) the different parents’ MC to work were positively associated with the MC to school in children and adolescents except for the association AC parents-adolescents and specifically, the AC was mainly associated between mothers and girls and boys. Conclusion. This study emphasizes the importance of involving parents in school-based interventions to create a positive ripple effect in PA-related behaviours.

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A Cross-sectional Analysis of Radiographic Ankle Osteoarthritis Frequency and Associated Factors: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.161076 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 499-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shahmeer Lateef ◽

Yvonne M. Golightly ◽

Jordan B. Renner ◽

Joanne M. Jordan ◽

Amanda E. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Weight Bearing ◽

Ankle Injury ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Ankle Osteoarthritis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

History Of

Objective.Because there are no epidemiologic data regarding the frequency of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) in a general population, we sought to analyze this disabling condition in a large, well-characterized, community-based cohort of older individuals.Methods.Cross-sectional data, including ankle radiographs, were from the most recent data collection (2013–2015) of the Johnston County OA Project. Radiographic ankle OA (rAOA) was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence arthritis grading scale of ≥ 2 on weight-bearing lateral and mortise radiographs. The presence of pain, aching, or stiffness in the ankles as well as history of ankle injury (limiting ability to walk for at least 2 days) were assessed. Chi-square statistics (categorical variables) and Student t tests (continuous variables) were used to compare all participant characteristics by rAOA status. Joint-based logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations of rAOA and covariates of interest [age, body mass index (BMI), sex, race, ankle symptoms, and injury history].Results.Of 864 participants with available data, 68% were women, 34% were African American, with a mean age of 72 years and BMI of 31 kg/m2. Nearly 7% of this sample had rAOA. Increasing age, high BMI, history of ankle injury, and presence of ankle symptoms were all independently associated with greater odds of having rAOA; no significant differences were seen by sex or race.Conclusion.The frequency of rAOA was higher than estimates generally quoted in the literature. While injury was an important contributor, other factors such as age, BMI, and symptoms were also significantly associated with rAOA.

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Diagnostic Dilemmas: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Analysis of Adrenal Incidentaloma Pathology Based on Radiographic Size

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1150325/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Zekan ◽

Robert Scott King ◽

Ali Hajiran ◽

Apexa Patel ◽

Samuel Deem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adrenal Cortical Adenoma ◽

Simple Logistic

Abstract Introduction/Background Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are masses >1 cm found incidentally during radiographic imaging. They are present in up to 4.4% of patients undergoing CT scan, and incidence is increasing with usage and sensitivity of cross-sectional imaging. Most result in diagnosis of adrenal cortical adenoma, questioning guidelines recommending removal of all AIs with negative functional workup. This retrospective study analyzes histological outcome based on size of non-functional adrenal masses. Material and Methods 10 years of data was analyzed from two academic institutions. Exclusion criteria included patients with positive functional workups, those who underwent adrenalectomy during nephrectomy, <18 years, and incomplete records. AI radiologic and histologic size, histologic outcome, laterality, imaging modality, gender, and age were collected. T-test was used for comparison of continuous variables, and the two-sided Fisher’s exact or chi-square test were used to determine differences for categorical variables. Univariate analysis of each independent variable was performed using simple logistic regression. Results 73 adrenalectomies met the above inclusion criteria. 60 were detected on CT scan, 12 on MRI, and one on ultrasound. Eight of 73 cases resulted in malignant pathology, 3 of which were adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Each ACC measured >6 cm, with mean radiologic and pathologic sizes of 11.2 cm and 11.3 cm. Both radiologic and pathologic size were significant predictors of malignancy (p=0.008 and 0.011). Conclusions Our results question the generally-accepted 4 cm cutoff for excision of metabolically-silent AIs. They suggest a 6 cm threshold would suffice to avoid removal of benign lesions while maintaining sensitivity for ACC.

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The Mediating Role of Orthorexia in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Fear of COVID-19 among University Students in Poland

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5061

Author(s):

Cezary Kuśnierz ◽

Aleksandra Maria Rogowska ◽

Aleksandra Kwaśnicka ◽

Dominika Ochnik

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

University Students ◽

Online Survey ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Survey Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

The Relationship

Previous research showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the wellbeing and lifestyle of populations worldwide, including eating and physical activity (PA) patterns. The present study aims to examine the mediating effect of orthorexia on the relationship between PA and fear of COVID-19. A sample of 473 university students from Poland of a mean age of 22 years (M = 22.04, SD = 2.90, 47% of women) participated in the cross-sectional online survey study. Continuous variables were measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17), while categorical variables divided participants into the physically active and inactive group regarding WHO criteria (150 min per week). Weak gender differences were found. Active people showed lower fear of COVID-19 and higher orthorexia scores than those inactive. Orthorexia was found as a suppressor variable, which increases the negative predictive value of PA on fear of COVID-19. The model of cooperative suppression explained 7% of FCV-19S. The mechanism of mediation showed that health-related behavior could help reduce fear of COVID-19, but caution is necessary for people with addictive behavior tendencies. Universities should support university students by offering programs focused on increasing healthy lifestyles and improving wellbeing.

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Androgen Receptor Overexpression in Patients With Prostate Cancer in Kampala, Uganda

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqz117.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S86-S87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James Yahaya ◽

Florence Ajok ◽

Michael Odida ◽

Henry Wabinga

Keyword(s):

Androgen Receptor ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Gleason Score ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Expert

Abstract Objectives This study was aimed at determining the status of androgen receptor overexpression in patients with PCa and also correlating overexpression with Gleason score, patient age, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical laboratory-based study using retrospectively retrieved formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of 93 PCa patients who were diagnosed histologically between January and December 2018. Immunostaining was done using AR antibody. Cases with ≥10% positive cells having staining intensity of +1 and above were considered positive. Confirmation of the histological diagnosis and interpretation of the IHC-stained slides were done by two independent expert pathologists in a blinded manner. The association between AR overexpression and categorical variables was tested using the chi-square test, while continuous variables were tested using the t test with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results AR overexpression was found in 54.8% (51/93) of the cases in this study. Majority of patients, 73.1% (68/93), had a Gleason score of 8 to 10, whereas a Gleason score of 6 to 7 was found in 26.9% (25/93). The mean Gleason score for the cases was 8.47 ± 1.52. Patients with a low Gleason score (≤7) had a higher proportion of AR overexpression than those with a high Gleason score (>8) and the difference was statistically significant (P = .013). Conclusion The clinical relevance of this study was that AR overexpression is associated with a Gleason score but not with age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). AR overexpression was an independent predictor of PCa prognosis.

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Morbidade neonatal dos recém-nascidos pré-termo tardios comparados aos de termo precoce

Scientia Medica ◽

10.15448/1980-6108.2017.1.25876 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 25876 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nuno Lourenço ◽

Marco Fernandes ◽

Clara Gomes ◽

Cristina Resende

Keyword(s):

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Term Infants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breastfeeding Rate

Aims: To evaluate and compare neonatal morbidity between late-preterm infants (LPTI) and early term infants (ETI).Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study, including live births at a regional referral maternity hospital in Portugal, in the years 2014 and 2015, with gestational age between 340/7 and 386/7 weeks. LPTI (340/7-366/7 weeks) were considered as cases and ETI (370/7-386/7 weeks) were considered controls. Neonates with congenital malformations, lack of prenatal care and hospitalization for social/maternal reasons were excluded. We evaluated and compared neonatal morbidity between the two groups, using Student's t-test for comparison between means (continuous variables) and Chi-square or Fisher's test for comparison between categorical variables. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated and adjusted (aOR) to birth weight, maternal disease, type of birth and multiple pregnancy. A value of p <0,05 was considered of statistical significance.Results: A total of 1,745 neonates were evaluated: 324 cases (LPTI) and 1,421 controls (ETI). LPTI was associated with a higher frequency of maternal hypertension and gestational diabetes and higher rates of twinning and cesarean section. LPTI also had a higher risk for resuscitation (OR = 2.0 - 95%CI 1.3-3.0); hypoglycemia (aOR = 4.9 - 95%CI 2.9-8.2); hyperbilirubinemia (aOR = 4.8 - 95%CI 3.7-6.2), transient tachypnea (aOR = 6.4 - 95%CI 4.0-10.3); eating difficulties (aOR = 6.6 - 95%CI 4.8-8.9); sepsis (aOR = 4.4 - 95%CI 4.8-8.9); hospital stay ≥5 days (aOR = 8.6 - 95%CI 6.6-11.3); and lower exclusive breastfeeding rate (aOR = 0.2 - 95%CI 0.15-0.3).Conclusions: In comparison to ETI, LPTI presented a higher risk of morbidity. This study reinforces the need for appropriate clinical follow-up of LPTI in the neonatal period.

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Factors affecting the time lag to the second eye cataract surgery in a hospital-based population

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10761 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Charu Malik ◽

Manjit S Bhatia ◽

Upreet Dhaliwal

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Time Lag ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group 2 ◽

One Year

Introduction: Cataract can be treated successfully, yet patients delay surgery. Surgery in one eye may not promote surgery in the second. Objectives: To determine the time lag to the second eye cataract surgery and identify the factors that affect it. Materials and methods: This study was conducted at an ophthalmology out-patient department of a teaching hospital and was an observational, cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients of over 45 years who had had cataract surgery in one eye and had visually significant senile cataract in the other were categorized into those that requested sequential surgery (Group 1) and those that refused (Group 2). The relevant history and vision were recorded. A questionnaire was used to seek possible responsible factors that determined the refusal for the second surgery. Statistical analysis: Categorical variables were compared between groups using the chi-square test and continuous variables using the Student t-test. Factors significantly affecting the time lag were subjected to the analysis of covariance. Rresults: Of the 250 patients of the study, only 104 (41.6 %) requested the second eye surgery, less than one-fifth within one year. Thirteen patients from Group 2 presented with complications of hypermaturity in the second eye. The average time lag was 2.39 ± 2.19 years. It was significantly more in Group 2 patients (p = 0.024) who also reported more barriers (2.75 ± 1.23 versus 1.58 ± 1.10; p = 0.005). The factors that increased the time lag were older age (p = 0.028), extra-capsular surgery (p < 0.001), and being able to manage after the first surgery (p = 0.011) in Group1, and eye-camp (p = 0.021) or extra-capsular surgery (p < 0.001) in Group 2 patients. Conclusions: One-fifth of the patients reported back for sequential surgery within one year. Patients who refused surgery had more barriers; most were related to the first surgery and should be anticipated by compassionate ophthalmic professionals after surgery in the first eye. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10761 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 31-38

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