Personality, Socioeconomic Status, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States

Background: Several studies suggest women may be disproportionately affected by poorer stroke outcomes than men. This study aims to investigate whether women have a higher risk of all-cause mortality and recurrence after an ischemic stroke than men in a rural population in central Pennsylvania, United States. Methods: We analyzed consecutive ischemic stroke patients captured in the Geisinger NeuroScience Ischemic Stroke research database from 2004 to 2019. Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimator curves stratified by gender and age were used to plot survival probabilities and Cox Proportional Hazards Ratios were used to analyze outcomes of all-cause mortality and the composite outcome of ischemic stroke recurrence or death. Fine–Gray Competing Risk models were used for the outcome of recurrent ischemic stroke, with death as the competing risk. Two models were generated; Model 1 was adjusted by data-driven associated health factors, and Model 2 was adjusted by traditional vascular risk factors. Results: Among 8900 adult ischemic stroke patients [median age of 71.6 (interquartile range: 61.1–81.2) years and 48% women], women had a higher crude all-cause mortality. The KM curves demonstrated a 63.3% survival in women compared with a 65.7% survival in men ( p = 0.003) at 5 years; however, the survival difference was not present after controlling for covariates, including age, atrial fibrillation or flutter, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, heart failure, chronic lung diseases, rheumatic disease, chronic kidney disease, neoplasm, peripheral vascular disease, past ischemic stroke, past hemorrhagic stroke, and depression. There was no adjusted or unadjusted sex difference in terms of recurrent ischemic stroke or composite outcome. Conclusion: Sex was not an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and ischemic stroke recurrence in the rural population in central Pennsylvania.

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Intimate Partner Violence among Korean Immigrant Women in the United States: Intersectionality of Gender Norms, Immigration, and Socioeconomic Status

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x211017945 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0192513X2110179

Author(s):

Sei-Young Lee ◽

Ga-Young Choi

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

United States ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

Gender Norms ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Korean Immigrant ◽

Korean Immigrant Women

With the theory of feminist intersectionality, this study examined intimate partner violence (IPV) among Korean immigrant women focusing on gender norms, immigration, and socioeconomic status in the contexts of Korean culture. A total of 83 Korean immigrant women who were receiving a social service from non-profit agencies in ethnically diverse urban areas were recruited with a purposive sampling method. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine changes in variance explained by models. Having non-traditional gender norms, a college degree or higher education, immigrant life stresses, and living longer in the United States were positively associated with IPV while having higher income and being more fluent in English were negatively associated with IPV. Findings were discussed to understand Korean immigrant women’s internal conflict affected by their higher education and more egalitarian gender norms under the patriarchal cultural norms while experiencing immigrant life stresses and living in the United States. Implication for practice was also discussed.

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Dietary patterns related to total mortality and cancer mortality in the United States

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-021-01478-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcela R. Entwistle ◽

Donald Schweizer ◽

Ricardo Cisneros

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Principal Component ◽

The United States ◽

Red Meat ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the association between dietary patterns, total mortality, and cancer mortality in the United States. Methods We identified the four major dietary patterns at baseline from 13,466 participants of the NHANES III cohort using principal component analysis (PCA). Dietary patterns were categorized into ‘prudent’ (fruits and vegetables), ‘western’ (red meat, sweets, pastries, oils), ‘traditional’ (red meat, legumes, potatoes, bread), and ‘fish and alcohol’. We estimated hazard ratios for total mortality, and cancer mortality using Cox regression models. Results A total of 4,963 deaths were documented after a mean follow-up of 19.59 years. Higher adherence to the ‘prudent’ pattern was associated with the lowest risk of total mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98), with evidence that all-cause mortality decreased as consumption of the pattern increased. No evidence was found that the ‘prudent’ pattern reduced cancer mortality. The ‘western’ and the ‘traditional’ patterns were associated with up to 22% and 16% increased risk for total mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.34; and 5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27, respectively), and up to 33% and 15% increased risk for cancer mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.62; and 5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24, respectively). The associations between adherence to the ‘fish and alcohol’ pattern and total mortality, and cancer mortality were not statistically significant. Conclusion Higher adherence to the ‘prudent’ diet decreased the risk of all-cause mortality but did not affect cancer mortality. Greater adherence to the ‘western’ and ‘traditional’ diet increased the risk of total mortality and mortality due to cancer.

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SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND TRENDS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION HOSPITALIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(21)04732-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (18) ◽

pp. 3378

Author(s):

Chaitanya Rojulpote ◽

Shivaraj Patil ◽

Karthik Gonuguntla ◽

Manish Kumar ◽

Srinivas Nadadur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

The United States ◽

Status And Trends

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LB745 Population-level study of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) in the United States reveals association with obesity and socioeconomic status

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 (9) ◽

pp. B10

Author(s):

S. Wongvibulsin ◽

G.A. Okoye ◽

L.A. Garza

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Population Level ◽

The United States

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Health Disparities in Otology: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/01945998211039490 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 019459982110394

Author(s):

Braeden Lovett ◽

Alexandra Welschmeyer ◽

James Dixon Johns ◽

Sarah Mowry ◽

Michael Hoa

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Publication Date ◽

Ovid Medline ◽

Full Text Review ◽

And Gender ◽

Eligibility Assessment

Objective Social determinants of health (SDOHs), including but not limited to sex, race, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and education level, play a significant role in health disparities and affect health outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine health disparities in otology within the United States and highlight areas warranting further research. Data Sources PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE. Review Methods Our search encompassed all years through January 10, 2021. All peer-reviewed primary literature of any design and publication date regarding health disparities and otology outcomes in the United States was eligible for inclusion. Eligibility assessment was performed via 3 independent investigators. Results Of the 6326 unique abstracts identified, 188 studies underwent full-text review, and 52 remained in the final review. The most frequently examined otologic condition was hearing loss (36.5%), followed by cochlear implantation (28.8%) and infection/effusion (15.4%). Vertigo/dizziness (1.9%), Ménière’s disease (1.9%), and tinnitus (1.9%) were the least represented otologic conditions. Comprehensive articles on multiple disparity topics were the most common (n = 18), followed by articles on race/ethnicity (n = 11) and socioeconomic status (n = 9). Language (n = 2), education (n = 2), and gender (n = 1) were the least discussed. Over 5-fold the number of articles were published between 2011 and 2020 compared to the preceding decade (42 vs 8). Conclusion This study captures the existing literature regarding health disparities and outcomes in otology. The lack of robust data suggests the need for future quality studies aimed at investigating disparities in otologic care, as well as a broader push for recording and reporting SDOHs.

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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Stroke Incidence: A Systematic Review

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000011892 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011892

Author(s):

Yeonwoo Kim ◽

Erica Twardzik ◽

Suzanne E. Judd ◽

Natalie Colabianchi

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Keyword Search ◽

The United States ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveTo summarize overall patterns of the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on incidence stroke and uncover potential gaps in the literature, we conducted a systematic review of studies examining the association between nSES and incident stroke, independent of individual socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsFour electronic databases and reference lists of included articles were searched, and corresponding authors were contacted to locate additional studies. A keyword search strategy included the three broad domains of neighborhood, SES, and stroke. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria (e.g., nSES as an exposure, individual SES as a covariate, and incident stroke as an outcome). We coded study methodology and findings across the eight studies.ResultsThe results provide evidence for the overall nSES and incident stroke association in Sweden and Japan, but not within the United States. Findings were inconclusive when examining the nSES-incident stroke association stratified by race. We found evidence for the mediating role of biological factors in the nSES-incident stroke association.ConclusionsHigher neighborhood disadvantage was found to be associated with higher stroke risk, but it was not significant in all the studies. The relationship between nSES and stroke risk within different racial groups in the United States was inconclusive. Inconsistencies may be driven by differences in covariate adjustment (e.g., individual-level sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood-level racial composition). Additional research is needed to investigate potential intermediate and modifiable factors of the nSES and incident stroke association, which could serve as intervention points.

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Intergenerational Mobility in the United States: What We Have Learned from the PSID

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/0002716218794129 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 680 (1) ◽

pp. 213-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bhashkar Mazumder

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Intergenerational Mobility ◽

Panel Study ◽

The United States ◽

Group Differences ◽

Income Dynamics ◽

Mobility Studies ◽

Advanced Economies

This article reviews the contributions of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to the study of intergenerational mobility. The PSID enables researchers to track individuals as they form new households and covers many dimensions of socioeconomic status over large portions of the life cycle, making the data ideal for studying intergenerational mobility. Studies have used PSID data to show that the United States is among the least economically mobile countries among advanced economies. The PSID has been instrumental to understanding various dimensions of intergenerational mobility, including occupation; wealth; education; consumption; health; and group differences by gender, race, and region. Studies using the PSID have also cast light on the mechanisms behind intergenerational persistence.

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