scholarly journals Effects of Insecticides, with and Without Vapam, on Thrips Injury and Peanut Growth and Yield, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Branch Width ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Abstract Efficacy of selected insecticides, with and without fumigation with Vapam, was evaluated against TT injury and for effects on growth and yield of Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted 9 May with 36-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractor-mounted Noble granular applicator. Liquids were applied using a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gal/acre at 24 psi through 1 SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to row direction. Vapam (metam-sodium) at the rate of 10 gal per acre was applied two weeks before planting 6 to 8 inches below the soil surface with a single chisel shank centered over each in front of a Tilrowvator with Virginia-type bedshapers. Beds were 24 inches wide and 4 inches tall. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = no TT injured leaves and 10 = 100 percent injured leaves. Flower, peg and plant canopy measurements were taken in the 2 center rows of each plot. Flowers were counted on 6 or 80 row feet (depending on the sample date); pegs were counted on 2 or 6 row feet (depending on the sample date); and terminal leader height and lateral branch width were measured on five randomly selected plants. Yield was based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows (60 row ft) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Granular Insecticides, with and Without Vapam, for Control of Tobacco Thrips in Peanut, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Plant Injury

Abstract Efficacy of granular insecticides, with and without fumigation with Vapam, was evaluated against TT injury in Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted 11 May with 36-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractormounted Noble granular applicator. Vapam (metam-sodium) at the rate of 10 gal per acre was applied two weeks before planting, 6 to 8 inches below the soil surface with a single chisel shank centered over each in front of a Tilrowvator with Virginia-type bedshapers. Beds were 24 inches wide and 4 inches tall. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = no TT injured leaves and 10 = 100 percent injured leaves. Yield was based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows (60 row ft) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.

scholarly journals Selected Insecticide/Nematicides for Control of Thrips in Virginia Cotton, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Virginia Tech ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Abstract Efficacy of selected insecti-cide/nematicides was evaluated for control of thrips (primarily F. fusca) in Virginia cotton. ‘Sure-Grow 501’ cotton was planted 1 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, Va. using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at the time of planting, granules using tractor-mounted inverted jars with lid holes calibrated to deliver exact amounts via gravity; liquids (IF, spray) with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5.0 gal/acre at 24 psi through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to the row direction to deliver the spray fan into the seed furrow. Gaucho seed treatment was applied commercially. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Adult and immature thrips were counted on 3 dates by cutting and placing 5 plants per plot into jars containing soapy water. Thrips were filtered and counted in the laboratory. Thrips injury to plants was determined by visually rating injury using a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, no bud injury; 2 = 25% injured leaves, no bud injury; 3 = 75% injured leaves, and 0 to 25% buds injured; 4 = 90% injured leaves, and greater than 25% buds injured; and 5 = dead plants. Flower number was used as a measure of plant maturity as affected by thrips injury. Flowers were counted one time on 19 Jul in 6 row ft per plot. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (60 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD, or Duncan’s new multiple range statistical procedures.

scholarly journals Selected Liquid and Granular Treatments for Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Peanut, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Pod Wall ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Abstract Liquid and granular insecticide formulations were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in cv. ‘NC 7’ Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted on 11 May using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied in a 14-inch band over the row either just before planting (band, ppi), at planting (at plant), or on 28 Jun (flowering). Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gal formulation per acre at 22 psi through one 8004E flat fan nozzle per row. Granules were applied with a tractor- or bicycle-mounted Noble granular applicator. Preplant treatments were soil incorporated 3 to 4 inches deep using a land conditioner. Flowering time banded treatments were lightly soil incorporated with cultivator sweeps in row middles. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Pod injury was determined 20 Sept from 100 randomly selected pods per plot, taken from 5 plants per plot (20 pods/plant). Pods were categorized as undamaged, scarred (apparently superficial damage to the outer pod wall), or penetrated (pod wall penetrated). Yield was based on digging, combining (4 Oct), drying and weighing peanuts from the two center rows (60 row feet) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) as influenced by Row-Spacing and Period of Weed interference in South-West Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adigun ◽  
A. O. Osipitan ◽  
Segun Toyosi Lagoke ◽  
Raphael Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Stephen Olaoluwa Afolami
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Weed Removal

Weed problem appears to be the most deleterious factor causing between 25 and 60% reduction in potential yield of cowpea. Field trials were therefore conducted to study the effect of inter-row spacing and period of weed interference on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07° 15'; 03° 25' E) in South Western Nigeria during the early and late wet seasons of 2009. The experiment consisted of eight main plots of weed interference which included initial weed removal for 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) and subsequently weed –infested until harvest as well as initial weed infestation for corresponding periods and thereafter kept weed free until harvest. There were also sub-plot treatments of three inter-row spacing of 60, 75, and 90 cm. All treatments in different combinations were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. In both trials, the use of inter-row spacing of 60 cm resulted in significant reduction in weed growth as evident in lower weed dry matter production and subsequent higher cowpea pod and grain yields than those of 75 and 90 cm inter-row spacing. Initial weed infestation of up to 3 WAS did not have any adverse effect on crop growth and cowpea grain yields provided the weeds were subsequently removed. On the other hand, cowpea grain yield loss was not significantly averted by keeping the crop weed free for only 3 WAS without subsequent weed removal. In this study, initial weed-infestation for 6 WAS and beyond significantly depressed various crop growth parameter and cowpea grain yield compared with the crop kept weed free throughout its life cycle. In order to obtain optimum yields similar to that of the weed free cowpea field, it was required to keep the crop weed free for 6 WAS and beyond. However, frequent weeding beyond 9 weeks after sowing did not improve cowpea yield significantly and as a matter of fact it may even result in reduction of cowpea grain yield due to mechanical damage of hoe weeding. The practical implication of this finding is that early weeding starting from 3 WAS is very crucial for cowpea production while the critical period of weed removal for optimum yield in cowpea is between 3 and 9 WAS in the forest-savannah transitional zone of south Western Nigeria.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax pada Perlakuan Panjang lanjaran dan Waktu Batang Membelit*

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Solikin ,
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Dioscorea is potentially used as staple food to support food security. The research was aimed to determine the effect of stake length and time of  stem twining  on  the growth of Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax. The experiment was conducted  in  Purwodadi Botanic Garden from December 2014 until May 2015 using split plot randomized block design consisted of two factors, i.e. the stake length and time of stem twining. The stake length was the main plot consisted of 150 cm, 100 cm and 50 cm above soil surface and without stake (control). The time of stem twining as subplots, i.e. stem twined early, twined at the time of 4 leaves stage, and twined at 8 leaves stage. Each combination of the treatments was replicated three times. The results showed that there was significant effect on the stake length  and the time of stem twining treatments on the plant growth and yield. The stake  length of 150 cm treatment produced the highest fresh tuber and total plant dry weight, i.e., 257.24 g and 132.77 g per plant, respectively. On the contrary, the plant without stake produced the lowest fresh tuber and  total dry weight of plant, i.e., 112.10 g and 48.65 g per plant, respectively.<br /><br />Keywords: biomass,leaf area, photosyntesis, tuber weight

scholarly journals Effect of Some Agronomic Practices on Ascochyta Blight Severity and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ouji ◽  
S. Chekali ◽  
M. Rouaissi
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Effect On Yield

Background: In Tunisia, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the first major food legume. The development of faba bean production is facing several biotic constraints. Faba bean Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta fabae is one of the most destructive diseases of faba bean and can cause significant yield loss under favorable conditions. As only incomplete resistance ABL varieties are available, some agronomic practices should be applied to control and reduce Ascochyta blight incidence wherever possible. Therefore, this work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of spacing row and seed rate on ABL severity, growth and yield of faba bean. Methods: A split-plot design with three replications was adopted to carry out this study during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. ‘Bachaar’ faba bean variety was sown at 40 and 60 cm row spacing and at three seed rates (100, 140 and 200 kg ha-1). ABL severity was assessed visually on a 0-9 scale and agro-morphological traits were measured. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Correlations between agronomic traits, row spacing, seed rate and ABL severity were investigated. Result: Results showed that seed rate has a larger effect on yield than row spacing. In both cropping seasons, the highest grain yield was recorded in 60 cm row spacing and 140 kg ha-1 seed rate treatment. So, this treatment is recommended for obtaining high yield of faba bean. Most of the variation in disease severity was associated with seed rate (r=0.62). The highest ABL score severity was noted at 200 kg ha-1 rate. Over both years, wide row spacing and low seed rate reduced ABL severity. In this study, the small amounts of ABL disease (which reached a score of 5.3 and 4.7 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) had little or no effect on yield.

scholarly journals Time of introducing component crop influences productivity of intercropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
M. O. Iwuagwu ◽  
D. A. Okpara ◽  
C. O. Muoneke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Horticultural Research

Field experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Mbato Sub-station, Okigwe, Imo State, South-eastern Nigeria in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to establish the most appropriate time to introduce component crops in cocoyam/cowpea mixture. Five different planting schemes (two and four weeks before, two and four weeks after and same day) and two cowpea genotypes (climbing Akidienu and erect IT97K-499-35) were used. The component crops were grown in monocultures to assess the productivity of the systems. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Growth and yield of cocoyam and the cowpea genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) when either of the component crops was planted earlier than the other. Intercropping reduced significantly (P<0.05) cocoyam yield by 0.7 − 74% in IT97K-499-35 and 22 − 80% in Akidienu. Sowing the cowpea genotypes the same day or before cocoyam resulted in over-yielding of cowpea, whereas sowing Akidienu and IT97K-499-35 after cocoyam caused pod yield reductions of 64% − 73% and 32% − 59% on average, respectively. Cocoyam planted two weeks before IT97K-499-35 produced more satisfactory yields of the intercrops than the other planting schedules with LER, LEC and ATER of 2.15, 1.03 and 1.57, respectively.

Edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under biological fertilizers, doses and application times

2020 ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Ygor Henrique Leal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Organic Compost

Biological fertilizers promote several benefits to the soil, and one of the ways to evaluate their quality is to determine the edaphic respiration. The present study aimed to evaluate edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under doses and times of application of biological fertilizers. Two experiments were performed with applications of biological fertilizers prepared from manure and enriched organic compost, one using bovine manure (BM) and the other, sheep manure (SM). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 4 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replications, referring to the doses of biological fertilizers (100, 200, 300 and 400 dm³ ha-1), application times (0, 30 and 60 days after transplanting – DAT) and the absolute control. The following variables were evaluated during the night and day: soil surface temperature (Tsurf) and 10 cm deep (T10), soil moisture (M) and edaphic respiration (ER). SM provided the highest ER in the two shifts evaluated. The use of 400 and 300 dm³ ha-1 of SM, at times of 0 and 30 DAT, respectively, provided greater edaphic respiration in relation to the absence of manure during the day.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document