scholarly journals Evaluation of Granular Insecticides, with and Without Vapam, for Control of Tobacco Thrips in Peanut, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Plant Injury

Abstract Efficacy of granular insecticides, with and without fumigation with Vapam, was evaluated against TT injury in Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted 11 May with 36-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractormounted Noble granular applicator. Vapam (metam-sodium) at the rate of 10 gal per acre was applied two weeks before planting, 6 to 8 inches below the soil surface with a single chisel shank centered over each in front of a Tilrowvator with Virginia-type bedshapers. Beds were 24 inches wide and 4 inches tall. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = no TT injured leaves and 10 = 100 percent injured leaves. Yield was based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows (60 row ft) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.

scholarly journals Effects of Insecticides, with and Without Vapam, on Thrips Injury and Peanut Growth and Yield, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Branch Width ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Abstract Efficacy of selected insecticides, with and without fumigation with Vapam, was evaluated against TT injury and for effects on growth and yield of Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted 9 May with 36-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractor-mounted Noble granular applicator. Liquids were applied using a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gal/acre at 24 psi through 1 SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to row direction. Vapam (metam-sodium) at the rate of 10 gal per acre was applied two weeks before planting 6 to 8 inches below the soil surface with a single chisel shank centered over each in front of a Tilrowvator with Virginia-type bedshapers. Beds were 24 inches wide and 4 inches tall. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = no TT injured leaves and 10 = 100 percent injured leaves. Flower, peg and plant canopy measurements were taken in the 2 center rows of each plot. Flowers were counted on 6 or 80 row feet (depending on the sample date); pegs were counted on 2 or 6 row feet (depending on the sample date); and terminal leader height and lateral branch width were measured on five randomly selected plants. Yield was based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows (60 row ft) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.

Edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under biological fertilizers, doses and application times

2020 ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Ygor Henrique Leal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Organic Compost

Biological fertilizers promote several benefits to the soil, and one of the ways to evaluate their quality is to determine the edaphic respiration. The present study aimed to evaluate edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under doses and times of application of biological fertilizers. Two experiments were performed with applications of biological fertilizers prepared from manure and enriched organic compost, one using bovine manure (BM) and the other, sheep manure (SM). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 4 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replications, referring to the doses of biological fertilizers (100, 200, 300 and 400 dm³ ha-1), application times (0, 30 and 60 days after transplanting – DAT) and the absolute control. The following variables were evaluated during the night and day: soil surface temperature (Tsurf) and 10 cm deep (T10), soil moisture (M) and edaphic respiration (ER). SM provided the highest ER in the two shifts evaluated. The use of 400 and 300 dm³ ha-1 of SM, at times of 0 and 30 DAT, respectively, provided greater edaphic respiration in relation to the absence of manure during the day.

Winter Occurance and Spring Migration of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Tripidae) in North Carolina Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
J. E. Bailey ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Overwintering of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), tobacco thrips, in North Carolina and their subsequent spring movement into peanut fields were evaluated using two winter sampling techniques and three spring sampling techniques at the Peanut Belt Res. Sta., Lewiston, NC. In the spring of 1992 and 1993, for 14 d following peanut planting, the aerial movement of tobacco thrips was monitored using cylindrical sticky traps, trap plants, and exclusion cages. Frankliniellafusca were trapped significantly more often at 0.2 m and 0.9 m than at 1.8 m and during the afternoons. Thrips catch was significantly influenced by prevailing wind direction. No thrips were caught on sticky traps on days when maximum temperatures did not exceed 18.7 C. Frankliniella fusca began to colonize emerging peanut plants as they cracked the soil surface on days when there were temperatures above 18.7 C and times when there was no precipitation. Aerial F. fusca movement was monitored with sticky traps for three consecutive winters during 1993–96. Tobacco thrips were collected on sticky traps throughout the winter; however, counts were lower in months and years with lower temperatures. Tobacco thrips, caged throughout the winter with peanut plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), were analyzed for the presence of a nonstructural protein (NSs) encoded for by the small RNA of TSWV and infectivity by ELISA. A total of eight tobacco thrips were collected, of which one tested positive.

scholarly journals Different Application Schedules and Insecticide Rates for Control of Bollworm in Virginia Cotton. 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Virginia Tech ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Over The Top

Abstract Different application schedules with insecticides at different rates were evaluated for control of bollworm in VA. ‘Sure-Grow 501’ cotton was planted 1 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three, D2-13 disc-core hollow cone nozzles per row, one over the top of the row and one on each side. Four application schedule/insecticide rate combinations were tested: 1)3 applications at the standard rate, the 1 st at the egg threshold, the 2nd in 5d, and the 3rd in l0d; 2) 2 applications at the standard rate, the 1st at the egg threshold, the 2nd in 5d; 3) 2 applications, the 1st at the egg threshold using 1.6x the standard rate, and the 2nd in 5d using the standard rate; 4) 1 application at the egg threshold using 1.6x the standard rate. Egg threshold application was based on the presence of 10 or more bollworm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruil (squares or bolls). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 6 rows by 30 ft. Boll damage and bollworm numbers were determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of the egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (60 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

Narrow Row Spacing and Canopy Formation Reduces Weed Resurgence in Soybeans (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Yelverton ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Radiation Measurements

In 1982 and 1983, effects of soybean row spacing and irrigation on weed resurgence following postemergence herbicide applications were evaluated. Also, ‘Forrest’ and ‘Ransom’ cultivar effects and early and late planting date influences on weed resurgence were evaluated in 1982 and 1983, respectively. In both years, as row spacing increased, weed resurgence increased. Photosynthetically active radiation measurements indicated the amount of weed resurgence coincided closely with the differing amounts of light penetrating to the soil surface. Irrigation, planting date, and cultivars showed no significant effect on weed resurgence. In 1982, a significant cultivar by row spacing interaction was obtained. In 1983, the late planting date showed a trend for less weed resurgence under irrigated conditions, although the difference was not significant. Soybean canopy measurements indicated development was greater under irrigation.

scholarly journals Selected Granular Insecticide Treatments for Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Two Peanut Fields, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-283
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Pod Wall ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract Granular insecticides were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in Virginia-type peanut in 2 fields in Suffolk, VA. The 2 fields selected differed in soil characteristics but were both considered to represent a moderate level of risk to pod damage by SCR. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanuts were planted on 3 May (Field 1) and 23 May (Field 2) using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied in a 14-inch band over the row with a tractor-mounted Noble granular applicator on 28 June (at the time of early pegging). A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 200 ft (Field 1) and 4 rows by 180 ft (Field 2). Pod injury was determined 28 Aug and again 25 Sep from all full-sized pods from 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Pods were categorized as immature or mature and as undamaged, scarred (superficial damage to the outer pod wall), or penetrated (pod wall penetrated). Yield was determined by digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot (400 row ft per plot, 4 Oct - Field 1; 360 row ft per plot, 14 Oct - Field 2). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

scholarly journals Selected Insecticide/Nematicides for Control of Thrips in Virginia Cotton, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Virginia Tech ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Abstract Efficacy of selected insecti-cide/nematicides was evaluated for control of thrips (primarily F. fusca) in Virginia cotton. ‘Sure-Grow 501’ cotton was planted 1 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, Va. using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at the time of planting, granules using tractor-mounted inverted jars with lid holes calibrated to deliver exact amounts via gravity; liquids (IF, spray) with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5.0 gal/acre at 24 psi through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to the row direction to deliver the spray fan into the seed furrow. Gaucho seed treatment was applied commercially. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Adult and immature thrips were counted on 3 dates by cutting and placing 5 plants per plot into jars containing soapy water. Thrips were filtered and counted in the laboratory. Thrips injury to plants was determined by visually rating injury using a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, no bud injury; 2 = 25% injured leaves, no bud injury; 3 = 75% injured leaves, and 0 to 25% buds injured; 4 = 90% injured leaves, and greater than 25% buds injured; and 5 = dead plants. Flower number was used as a measure of plant maturity as affected by thrips injury. Flowers were counted one time on 19 Jul in 6 row ft per plot. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (60 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD, or Duncan’s new multiple range statistical procedures.

scholarly journals Management of Soil Acidity and Its Relations With Soybean Productivity in Brazilian Savanna

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Camila Morais Fonseca ◽  
Veridiana Cardozo Gonçalves Cantão ◽  
Carlos Cesar Evangelista de Menezes ◽  
Simone Cristiane Brand ◽  
Gabriel Elias Soares de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Methods Of Application ◽  
Moldboard Plow

The soils of Brazilian Savanna, naturally, present acidity problems, making correction practices fundamental to ensure production. Even with so many years since the introduction of agriculture, some soil correction practices are still misused. Thus, the objective was to evaluate soybean yield and chemical changes in a Red Oxisol in the Brazilian Savanna with the use of limestone, associated or not with gypsum, applied superficially and incorporated by harrow and moldboard plow. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in Rio Verde-GO, cultivating soybeans in the 2015/2016 and 2016/1017 harvests. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications, with treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme. The first factor refers to the application of superficial limestone and incorporated by harrow and moldboard plow. The second factor was the presence or absence of limestone and/or gypsum (0 + 0; 0.875 + 0 and 0.875 + 1.75 t ha-1). Plant height, number of pods per plant, productivity, pH, Al, CTC, Ca, Mg and V were evaluated, in soil depths of 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m. In the 2016/2017 harvest, the characteristics of pH, CTC, V and contents of Ca, Mg and Al were influenced by the methods of application of limestone and by its use, associated or not with gypsum. There was an increase in pH on the soil surface with the use of limestone and on the subsurface with the use of limestone and gypsum. The moldboard plow provided increases in the contents of Ca and Mg in the soil in comparison to surface application. The moldboard plow incresed in soybean yield, in the second crop, with and without association of gypsum with limestone.

scholarly journals White lupine yield under different sowing densities and row spacings

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio L. Santi ◽  
Geomar M. Corassa ◽  
Ronei Gaviraghi ◽  
Thomas N. Martin ◽  
Mateus B. Bisognin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate different sowing densities and row spacings on grain yield and biomass in the white lupine crop, cv. ‘Comum’. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four row spacings (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) and four sowing densities in the row (10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-1), with four replicates. The evaluated variables were: grain yield, hundred-grain weight, fresh and dry matter and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant tissue. The highest grain yield was obtained with row spacing of 20 cm, regardless of plant density. The density of 25 plants m-1 and row spacing of 20 cm increased the fresh and dry matter yield. The adjustment of plant density and row spacing did not affect the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant tissue.

Effects of poisoning nonindigenous slugs in a boreal forest

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Soil Arthropod ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Plots

This study examined the impact of poisoning nonindigenous slugs on abundance of other soil arthropod groups occurring on the soil surface of a boreal forest. The experimental design consisted of counting soil fauna under boxes from 20 plots during weekly surveys before (year 1) and after (year 2) treatment (metaldehyde poison) with control and experimental plots. Slug abundance was negatively affected by presence of slug poison, with an 80% decrease in slug numbers following treatment. Herbaceous cover did not differ between plots (control and experimental) but the amount eaten decreased (26%–15%) with poisoning. Nonindigenous taxa, including slugs, predominated in the macrofauna at this site, accounting for a third of the individuals and a half of the biomass. Possible explanations for the observed patterns in soil arthropod community relative to invasive species are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document