scholarly journals Evaluation II of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plant Bugs in Mississippi, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-268
Author(s):  
Jack T. Reed ◽  
C. S. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Target Plant ◽  
Leaf Disks

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 1 row wide by 50 ft long with 7 unsprayed buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied on 27 Jun with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with a single Spraying Systems TX4 hollow cone nozzle and calibrated for 5 gpa at a pressure of 38 psi and a speed of 4 mph. Carrier of the insecticides was water, with an initial pH of 8.0. This trial was applied under very wet soil conditions, high humidity and steady wind conditions. The nozzle was held to allow the wind to drift the spray onto the plants with the upper third of the plant as the target. Plant bugs were collected the morning of application by sweeping wild flowers with a 15 inch diam sweep net. Fine mesh cloth cages were then placed on 2 plants per plot and fastened at the mainstem with ponytail holders. The plants with sleeve cages were cut and returned to the laboratory 24 h after infestation and examined for dead and live plant bugs. Because of threatening rain, instead of caging bugs on the plants, 4 leaf disks per plot were collected 48 h after spray application, and 2 leaf disks per plot 72 h after spray, placed in 11 X 50 mm petri dishes on moistened filter paper and infested with 5 plant bugs each. Mortality data from these petri dishes was taken at 96 h after insecticide application. Plant bugs not moving when prodded were considered dead.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Aphids on Cotton in Mississippi, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-263
Author(s):  
Jack T. Reed ◽  
C. S. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
High Clearance

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 4 rows wide (38 inch spacing) by 50 ft long with 4 unsprayed buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied on 12 Jul with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with two Spraying Systems TX4 hollow cone nozzles spaced at 19 inches and calibrated for 5 gpa at a pressure of 40 psi and a speed of 3.5 mph. Carrier of the insecticides was water, with an initial pH of 8.0. Samples were taken from 10 leaves per plot at each of 3 levels on the plant: upper (4th true leaf), mid (mainstem leaf located a third down the plant), and lower (leaf on the bottom of the plant). Aphids were counted on one side of the leaf midvein (1/2 leaf) only.

scholarly journals Response of Mexican Corn Rootworm to Insecticides, 1991

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
E. Guerrero-Rodriguez ◽  
S. Davalos-Luna ◽  
J. Corrales-Reynaga
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Mexican Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Commercial Field

Abstract Populations of MCR of commercial field corn from Arenal, Jalisco were exposed to nine insecticides of organophosphorous (OP), cabamate, organo chlorinated and pyrethroid groups. Larvae were collected from the roots of corn plants daily, and confined in polyethylene black bags of two kg capacity with humidity and germinated corn as food for larvae. Insects were taken to the laboratory of Sanidad Vegetal in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Dilutions of the insecticides tested were prepared using acetone from 500 to 5000 ppm (6 to 9 dosage/product). For this study 20 larvae of last instar were selected and 1 u, liter of the solution was placed topically on the thorax, after this, each larva was placed in a petri dish with a moistened paper towel and the petri dishes confined in a cardboard box to eliminate light. Mortality counts were carried out at 24 hours. Percent mortality was corrected by Abbott’s formula. The mortality data were analyzed by probit to obtain LC50 and LC,5 values for each insecticide.

scholarly journals Bioassay, Laboratory Tests of Beauveria Bassiana, Bacillus Thuringiensis, and a Feeding Stimulant on Leafroller Larvae, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-349
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Feeding Stimulant ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Leaf Disks

Abstract Beauveria bassiana (Naturalis-L), two B. thuringiensis products (Dipel and Troy Bt), and a feeding stimulant (Konsume) combined with a B. thuringiensis product were evaluated using a leaf-dip bioassay method for their effect on PLR and OBLR larvae. Treatments were prepared by diluting the appropriate amt of product (see table) in 500 ml water in a glass beaker. The Konsume treatments received a constant 1X rate of Dipel and 4X-0.25X rates of Konsume. A small amt (about 2 ml) of wetting agent, X-77®, was added to each treatment. An untreated control was prepared using water plus the wetting agent only. Untreated apple leaves were collected from ‘Red Delicious’ trees at the WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Leaves were dipped, then allowed to dry. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50 × 9 mm). Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaf disks. The petri dish lid was put in place and dishes were placed inside a food storage container and kept at 75°F (± 2°F) constant temperature and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Petri dishes were examined after 7 d and larval survival recorded. Ten dishes were used for each treatment (50 larvae per treatment).

scholarly journals Increasing indoor air quality by a natural sanitizing interior

2020 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tkachenko ◽  
Viktor Mileikovskyi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Leaf Disks

Low air quality is one of the most widespread reasons for diseases of respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. The work aims to improve indoor air quality using the most natural method – indoor phytoncide plants. R. Koch’s sedimentation method has been used. The rule of V. L. Omelianskyi calculated the total viable number. Phytoncide activity was estimated by tests of leaf disks in Petri dishes with evenly seeded microbes. Researches in a high school showed a very high total viable number after studies – up to 6000 CFU/cm3. Tests of leaf disks allowed ranging the commonly used indoor plants by phytoncide activity. The most active large-size plants are Citrus limon and Ficus benjamina. From small-size plants, Azalea and Fuchsia were recommended. Amaryllis and Phoenix dactylifera have the lowest phytoncide activity. Final tests of indoor air showed the possibility of decreasing the total viable number in the high school rooms 2.5-3.5 times.

Reduced Susceptibility of Organophosphate-resistant Tobacco Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) to Aldicarb

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Brierley ◽  
E. P. Lampert ◽  
C. D. Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Carbamate Insecticide ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Leaf Disks

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine if organophosphate (OP)-resistant (R) and OP-susceptible (S) tobacco aphids exhibited tolerance or resistance to aldicarb, a carbamate insecticide. In the greenhouse, OP-R and OP-S aphids were placed in leaf cages on greenhouse-grown, flue-cured tobacco plants treated with various doses (0.0 to 1.0 g per plant) of aldicarb in the potting soil. Mortality was recorded after 24 h, and a dose-mortality relationship was examined. OP-S aphids were more susceptible as compared with OP-R aphids, to all doses of aldicarb. Leaf disks were collected on several dates from field-grown, flue-cured tobacco plants treated with 0, 11.2 or 22.4 kg per ha of aldicarb before transplanting. The leaf disks were taken to the laboratory, transferred to Petri dishes, and infested with ten OP-R or ten OP-S aphids. After 36 h, significantly higher mortality was observed in the OP-S aphids as compared with the OP-R aphids. These are the first test results to demonstrate a reduced susceptibility of OP-R tobacco aphids to aldicarb, a carbamate insecticide. The hypothesis that tobacco aphids with a chromosomal translocation are less susceptible to other types of insecticides is supported.

scholarly journals Bioassay, Effect of Spinosad on Neonate Leafroller Larvae, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Leaf Disks ◽  
Glass Beaker

Abstract Spinosad DE-105 1.6% was evaluated using a leaf-dip bioassay method for its effect on PLR and OBLR larvae. Treatments were prepared by diluting the appropriate amount of product (see table) in 500 ml water in a glass beaker. A small amount (approximately 2 u.1) of wetting agent, Latron B-1956, was added to each treatment. An untreated control was prepared using water plus the wetting agent only. Untreated apple leaves were collected from Delicious trees at the WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Leaves were dipped, then allowed to dry. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a Petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50X9 mm). Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaf disks. The Petri dish lids were put in place, and dishes were stored inside a food storage container and kept at 75°F (±2°F) constant temperature and 16:8 photoperiod. Petri dishes were examined after 7 and 14 d and larval survival recorded. Ten dishes were used for each treatment (50 larvae per treatment).

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Fusarium avenaceum isolates to tulip leaves assessed on leaf disks

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piwoni
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Leaf Disks

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of 14 Fusarium avenaceum (Giberella avenacea) isolates, obtained from tulip plantations located in Puławy region, to leaves of tulip cv. Apeldoorn. Mycelial plugs 3 mm in diameter from the margins of the colonies growing on PDA and SNA were placed on 20 mm disks cut from tulip leaves. The disks were placed abaxial surface up, in Petri dishes on top of filter paper soaked with 100 mg/l gibberellic acid to retard leaf senescence. There were 5 replications for each isolate. Leaves in each Petń dish were inoculated with one isolate. Plates were incubated at 20°C and lesion diameters were measured after 4 days. The pathogenicity of investigated isolates was compared by measuring lesion development on tulip leaves. All of isolates colonized leaves disks succesfull - causing after 4 days necrotic lesions and sporulating after 14 days what indicated that an infection had occurred. There were significant differences in lesions size among isolates. Isolates: 27, 1, 2, 48 and 3 caused largest lesions at mean size from 150 mm<sup>2</sup> to 163 mm<sup>2</sup> what indicates their high pathogenicity. Less pathogenic were isolates: 28, 42, 7 and 72 caused lesions at mean size from 46 mm<sup>2</sup> to 97 mm~<sup>2</sup>. On average, mycelial plugs taken from PDA medium colonized leaf disks more efficient in comparison to them taken from SNA, that caused smaller lesions.

scholarly journals Dose-Mortality Response of the Cotton Boll Weevil to Selected Insecticides, 1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
T. Stadler ◽  
G. H. McKibben
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Abdominal Surface ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Mortality Estimates

Abstract Eight commercial insecticides were applied topically to adult laboratory-reared boll weevils. Serial dilutions were applied to the ventral abdominal surface utilizing a Hamilton repeating dispenser fitted with a 50 μl syringe calibrated to deliver a 1 jxl droplet. Insects were 5-7 d adults obtained from the USDA-ARS Gast Rearing Facility, Mississippi State, MS. Following topical application, weevils were placed in petri dishes, held at constant temperature (28°) and humidity (70-74%), at a 12 h light phase. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, and 72 h. Mortality estimates LD50 were based on a minimum of four doses per in-secticide. Three replicates of 30 weevils each were treated. Dose-mortality data were analyzed by probit analysis. When necessary, control mortality was corrected using Abbott’s formula.

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug in Mississippi, II, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 406-408
Author(s):  
Jack T. Reed ◽  
C. S. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Mississippi State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Leaf Disks

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at Mississippi State University in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 31 May in a spray chamber equipped with a single Spraying Systems TX3 hollow cone nozzle and calibrated for 5 gpa at a pressure of 28 psi and a speed of 3 mph. Carrier of the insecticides was water, with an initial pH of 8.0. Plant bugs were collected the morning of application by sweeping wild flowers with a 15 inch diameter sweep net. Leaves were collected in the field and transported to the lab where leaf disks 48 mm in diameter were cut and placed in 50 x 11 mm Petri dishes with two filter papers moistened with four drops of water to keep the leaf turgid. The leaf disks were then sprayed and allowed to dry before being infested. Four leaf disks with five plant bugs each were used per treatment and replicate. The bioassay was maintained in darkness at 80° F for 24 h prior to evaluation.

scholarly journals Control of Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn, Spring 1996C

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
Dakshina R. Seal ◽  
Elzie McCord
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract ‘Silver Queen’ corn was seeded in Rockdale soil on 20 Mar 1996. A randomized complete block design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 8 treatments comprising a plot size of 4 rows, 30 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated two weeks after planting and continued on a 4-5-day interval beginning 31 Mar. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles per row at 40 PSI delivering 70 GPA to the corn whorl. Granules were sprinkled into each plant whorl with an 8-oz. bottle fitted with a fine-mesh screw cap. Mesh openings were designed to allow proper release of the sized granules. Larvae were counted in 10 randomly selected whorls in the center 20 feet of each plot row. Although FAW population were unseasonably low, all treatments significantly reduced the number of larvae per whorl, on average, except MYX837-936 at 2 qt/acre.

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