scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Fipronil for Dbm Control, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
R.F.L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from June to August. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft by 7.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage on 36 in. centers and 18 in. in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatments were applied using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled by the sprayer operator. Treatments were applied at 45 psi with an output of 125 gpa. One TJ 60-8006 nozzle was used per row. The first treatment was made on 2 Jul, 1 day after transplanting. Subsequent applications were made on the following dates: 8, 16, 23, 30 Jul, 6, 13 Aug.

Field Evaluation of a Neem and BT Product for DBM Control, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
R. F. L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
W. S. Ruggero ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Early Larvae

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at the substation of the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park from Jun through Aug. The field was set up in a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 4.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage in 2 beds on 36 inch centers and 18 inch in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 4.5 ft. border. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. border that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. From 1 to 8 treatments were applied on 29 Jun, 5, 12, 19, 26 Jul, and 2, 9, 16 Aug using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks of hollow cone (TX-26, Spraying Systems) nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled. Sprays were applied at 100 psi at a rate of 150 gpa on a weekly basis from one day after transplanting into the field to one week before harvest. A pretreatment count was made on 28 Jun and post treatment surveys were conducted on 11, 25 Jul, 8 or 22 Aug. Ten plants were randomly selected from the two center rows and removed for examination of insects. DBM immatures were counted in separate age groups; early larvae, late larvae, and pupae. Early larvae were those in the first two larval instars. They were identified by their small size and the occurrence of black colored head capsules. Late larvae were those in the last two larval instars. They were identified by their larger size and the occurrence of green or brown head capsules. Pupae were easily identified by their net like cocoon.

Field Evaluation of Bio-Rational Insecticides and Combinations for Controlling DBM, 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
R. F. L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
W. S. Ruggero
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Early Larvae

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at the substation of the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park. The field was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of six rows of cabbage in 3 beds on 36 inch centers and 18 inch in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 3 ft. border. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. border that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. From 1 to 7 treatments were applied on 12, 17, 24 Nov and 1, 8, 15, 22 Dec using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks of twin jet (TJ 8006, Spraying Systems) nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plot could be easily controlled. Sprays were applied at 150 gpa (40 psi) for the first three applications and increased to 200 gpa (60 psi) for the last three. A pretreatment count was made on 11 Nov and post treatment surveys were conducted on a weekly basis six days after treatment. Ten plants were randomly selected from the two center rows and removed for examination of insects. DBM immatures were counted in separate age groups: early larvae, late larvae, and pupae. Early larvae were those in the first two larval instars. They were identified by their small size and the occurrence of black colored head capsules. Late larvae were those in the last two larval instars. They were identified by their larger size and the occurrence of green or brown head capsules. Pupae were easily identified by their net like cocoons.

scholarly journals Insecticide Efficacy Against Dbm, 1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
R. F. L Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku ◽  
K. W. Dunster
Keyword(s):  
Field Size ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Three insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from July to September. The field was set up in a RCB design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of a single row of cabbage planted at 18 inch between plant spacing. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 24 inch row spacing. Blocks were separated by a 36 inch spacing. Total field size was 68 ft. by 70 ft. Treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer set at 60 psi with an output of 100 gpa. One hollow cone nozzle (TX-26) was used per row. The first treatment was applied one week after transplanting into the field on 18 Jul. Subsequently, six applications were made weekly until the week before harvest on the following dates: 25 Jul, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 Aug.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Insecticides for Onion Thrips Control on Dry Onion, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
R. F. L Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Compressed Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from June to September. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of four rows of plants planted at 8 in. between-plant spacing. Each row consisted of 45 plants. Seedlings were transplanted into the field on 17 Jun. Treatments were applied using a compressed carbon dioxide sprayer at 60 psi and 100 gpa. Two twin jet nozzles (TJ-6502) were used per two rows. Applications of Warrior at 0.02 and 0.03 lb. (AI)/acre, Lannate, and Ammo were made at 7-day intervals on 16, 23, 30 July, 6, 13, 20 Aug for a total of six applications. An additional treatment of Warrior @ 0.03 lb. (AI)/acre was made when thrips numbers exceeded 3 thrips/plant on 23 Jul, 6 and 20 Aug.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Bio-Rational Insecticides for Controlling DBM, 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
R. F. L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
W. S. Ruggero ◽  
M. H. Kijima
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Solid Cone ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Early Larvae

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at the substation of the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park from Aug through Oct. The field was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of six rows of cabbage in 3 beds on 36 inch centers and 18 inch in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 3 ft. border. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. border that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. From 1 to 6 treatments were applied on 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 Sep and 6 Oct using a diaphragm pump, hydraulic jet agitator and a 30 ft. boom attached to a half ton pick-up truck. The boom was set with three banks of solid cone (TG-3, Spraying Systems) nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank; therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled. Sprays were applied at 40 psi at a rate of 150 gpa on a weekly basis from one week after transplanting to one week before harvest. A pretreatment count was made on 31 Aug and post treatment surveys were conducted on a weekly basis six days after treatment. Ten plants were randomly selected from the two center rows and removed for examination of insects. DBM immatures were counted in separate age groups: early larvae, late larvae, and pupae. Early larvae were those in the first two larval instars. They were identified by their small size and the occurrence of black colored head capsules. Late larvae were those in the last two larval instars. They were identified by their larger size and the occurrence of green or brown head capsules. Pupae were easily identified by their netlike cocoons.

Onion Thrips Management on Dry Onion, 1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Jet Nozzle ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park. The field was set up in a RCB design with nine treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of four rows of plants planted at 8 inch between plant spacing. Each row consisted of 45 plants. Seedlings were transplanted into the field on 26 Sep. Treatments were applied using a compressed CO2 sprayer at 60 psi and 100 gpa. Silwet L-77 surfactant was used at a rate of 0.0625% v/v. One twin-jet nozzle (TJ-6502) was used per row. Treatments were applied at 7-day intervals. The first treatment was made 5 weeks after transplanting. A total of five applications were made (2, 12, 19,26 Nov, and 3 Dec).

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Igr Insecticide, Rh-2485, for Control of Dbm and other Caterpillars on Head Cabbage, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
R.F.L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
Head Cabbage

Abstract The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from April to June. The field was set up in a RCB design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of a single row of cabbage planted at 18 in. between plant spacing. Treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer set at 60 psi with an output of 100 gpa. One hollow cone nozzle (TX-26) was used per row The first treatment was applied five days after transplanting into the field on 23 Apr. Subsequently, six weekly applications were made until the week before harvest on the following dates: 30 Apr, 7, 14, 21, 28 May, 4 Jun. The treated check involved application of Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai (BTA) or Proclaim, using the University of Hawaii DBM resistance management protocol. The BTA product used was Mattach which was applied at 2.0 qt/acre on 23, 30 Apr, 7, 14 May. Proclaim 0.15EC was applied at 6.0 oz/acre on 21 and 28 May.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Direct Paddy Seeder in Puddled Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2745
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Ritu Dogra ◽  
Mahesh Narang ◽  
Manjit Singh ◽  
Sushant Mehan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Different Soils

Manual transplanting, a pre-dominant practice in almost all the paddy growing areas in India, is laborious, burdensome, and has many expenses on raising, settling, and transplanting nursery. The transplanting process’s limitations motivated the replacement of conventional paddy transplanting methods. The study was divided into two phases. The first phase included laboratory testing of three levels of metering mechanisms, namely cell type (M1) with 10 cells grooved around a circular plate having a 13 cm diameter, inclined plate (M2) containing 24 U shaped cells provided on an 18 cm diameter plate, and fluted roller (M3) with 10 flutes on a 5 cm diameter shaft. The testing matrix included a missing index, multiple index, and seed damage with forward speeds (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 km/h), and pre-germination levels of 24 h soaked (P1), 24 h pre-germinated (P2), and 36 h pre-germinated paddy seeds (P3)). The second phase included selecting the best combination obtained from the laboratory study and developing a new efficient planter for the puddled field. The inclined plate metering mechanism operating at 2.5 km/h for 24 h pre-germinated seeds was reported most efficient from the first phase. Therefore, a self-propelled 8-row planter equipped with an inclined plate metering mechanism having a row-to-row spacing of 22.5 cm was developed, fabricated, and evaluated in the puddled field. The designed planter was assessed on two different soils: sandy loom (ST1) and clay loom (ST2) and at two different hopper fill levels as ½ filled hopper (F1) and ¾ filled hopper (F2). The number of plants per square meter and hill-to-hill spacing was measured. The on-field evaluation revealed that the number of plants per square meter was non-significantly affected by the type of soil but was significantly affected by hopper fill.

scholarly journals Seed Yam Production Using High-Quality Minitubers Derived from Plants Established with Vine Cuttings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Beatrice Aighewi ◽  
Norbert Maroya ◽  
Lava Kumar ◽  
Morufat Balogun ◽  
Daniel Aihebhoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Set Up

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a valuable food security crop in West Africa, where 92% of the world production occurs. The availability of quality seed tubers for increased productivity is a major challenge. In this study, minitubers weighing 1, 3, and 5 g produced from virus-free single-node vine cuttings of two improved yam varieties (Asiedu and Kpamyo) growing in an aeroponics system were assessed for suitability in seed production at a population of 100,000 plants ha−1. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications was set up during the cropping seasons of 2017 to 2019 at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. Results showed field establishments of 87%–97.8%. Yields differed with minituber size, variety, and cropping season; the highest was 31.2 t ha−1 in 2019 and the lowest, 10 t ha−1 in 2018 from 5 and 1 g Kpamyo minitubers, respectively. The estimated number of tubers produced per hectare by 1, 3, and 5 g minitubers was 101,296, 112,592, and 130,555, with mean weights per stand of 159.2, 187.3, and 249.4 g, respectively. We recommend using less than 6 g minitubers for seed yam production due to their high multiplication rates.

scholarly journals Effect of rootstock on refraction of forced fresh pepper

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Zita Birkás ◽  
István Terbe ◽  
Márton Mészáros ◽  
Gábor Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Row Width ◽  
White Type ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Fresh pepper {Capsicum annuum L.) production has a great tradition in Hungary. In 2014 fresh pepper was forced on 1600 ha, which reached approximately a 10 kg/m2 yield. While in case of tomato, which belongs to the Solanaceae family, the use of grafted plants is relevant today, the practice of grafted plants in the cultivation of hungaricum fresh pepper is a not so known and used method. Therefore, the main objective of the experiment was to study the qualitative changes in response to grafting and to determine the appropriate rootstock - scion combination. The experiment was set up in unheated plastic house at the research garden of Szent István University in Soroksár. Combination of two fresh pepper varieties SV 9702 (white type) and Karpex (kapia type) and two rootstocks Snooker and Capsifort were tested in soil and soilless culture. For soil culture the soil of the plastic house and for the soilless culture coconut fiber slabs was used. Grafted and non-grafted white type fresh peppers were placed at a row width and plant spacing of 110+40 x 33 cm (4 plants per m2) while kapia at 110+40 x25 (5.3 plant per m2). After the picking the Brix content was determined at the analytical laboratory of the department. From each repeat, 6 fruits were blended and measured with manual digital refractometer (PAL-1, ATAGO). After our studies both Snooker and Capsifort rootstock are recommended in combination of SV 9702 white type and Karpex kapia type fresh pepper in soilless culture.

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