scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Bio-Rational Insecticides for Controlling DBM, 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
R. F. L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
W. S. Ruggero ◽  
M. H. Kijima
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Solid Cone ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Early Larvae

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at the substation of the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park from Aug through Oct. The field was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of six rows of cabbage in 3 beds on 36 inch centers and 18 inch in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 3 ft. border. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. border that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. From 1 to 6 treatments were applied on 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 Sep and 6 Oct using a diaphragm pump, hydraulic jet agitator and a 30 ft. boom attached to a half ton pick-up truck. The boom was set with three banks of solid cone (TG-3, Spraying Systems) nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank; therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled. Sprays were applied at 40 psi at a rate of 150 gpa on a weekly basis from one week after transplanting to one week before harvest. A pretreatment count was made on 31 Aug and post treatment surveys were conducted on a weekly basis six days after treatment. Ten plants were randomly selected from the two center rows and removed for examination of insects. DBM immatures were counted in separate age groups: early larvae, late larvae, and pupae. Early larvae were those in the first two larval instars. They were identified by their small size and the occurrence of black colored head capsules. Late larvae were those in the last two larval instars. They were identified by their larger size and the occurrence of green or brown head capsules. Pupae were easily identified by their netlike cocoons.

Field Evaluation of a Neem and BT Product for DBM Control, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
R. F. L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
W. S. Ruggero ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Early Larvae

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at the substation of the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park from Jun through Aug. The field was set up in a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 4.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage in 2 beds on 36 inch centers and 18 inch in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 4.5 ft. border. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. border that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. From 1 to 8 treatments were applied on 29 Jun, 5, 12, 19, 26 Jul, and 2, 9, 16 Aug using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks of hollow cone (TX-26, Spraying Systems) nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled. Sprays were applied at 100 psi at a rate of 150 gpa on a weekly basis from one day after transplanting into the field to one week before harvest. A pretreatment count was made on 28 Jun and post treatment surveys were conducted on 11, 25 Jul, 8 or 22 Aug. Ten plants were randomly selected from the two center rows and removed for examination of insects. DBM immatures were counted in separate age groups; early larvae, late larvae, and pupae. Early larvae were those in the first two larval instars. They were identified by their small size and the occurrence of black colored head capsules. Late larvae were those in the last two larval instars. They were identified by their larger size and the occurrence of green or brown head capsules. Pupae were easily identified by their net like cocoon.

Field Evaluation of Bio-Rational Insecticides and Combinations for Controlling DBM, 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
R. F. L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
W. S. Ruggero
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Early Larvae

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated at the substation of the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park. The field was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of six rows of cabbage in 3 beds on 36 inch centers and 18 inch in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 3 ft. border. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. border that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. From 1 to 7 treatments were applied on 12, 17, 24 Nov and 1, 8, 15, 22 Dec using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks of twin jet (TJ 8006, Spraying Systems) nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plot could be easily controlled. Sprays were applied at 150 gpa (40 psi) for the first three applications and increased to 200 gpa (60 psi) for the last three. A pretreatment count was made on 11 Nov and post treatment surveys were conducted on a weekly basis six days after treatment. Ten plants were randomly selected from the two center rows and removed for examination of insects. DBM immatures were counted in separate age groups: early larvae, late larvae, and pupae. Early larvae were those in the first two larval instars. They were identified by their small size and the occurrence of black colored head capsules. Late larvae were those in the last two larval instars. They were identified by their larger size and the occurrence of green or brown head capsules. Pupae were easily identified by their net like cocoons.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticides for Control of Soybean Looper in North Louisiana, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanne N. Mascarenhas ◽  
Alan T. Wier ◽  
David J. Boethel ◽  
P. Scott Lingren ◽  
B. Rogers Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
North Louisiana

Abstract A field study was conducted at the Macon Ridge Branch, Northeast Research Station, located near Winnsboro (Franklin Parish), Louisiana, to evaluate the efficacy of several B. thuringiensis insecticides for soybean looper control. Test plots were 50 ft long by 5 rows with a 40 inch row spacing and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 38 psi through TX8 hollow cone nozzles (2 per row). Insecticide treatments were applied to soybeans in the R5 stage of growth (beginning seed) on 25 Aug. Posttreatment counts, consisting of 25 sweeps per plot, were taken with a 15 inch diameter muslin net at 2, 5, and 7 DAT. No rainfall occurred and the plots were not irrigated during the experimental period. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by means separation according to DMRT.

scholarly journals Plant Density Effect on Silage Yield of Maize Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Haddadi ◽  
Masoud Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Density Effect ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Ear Height

<p>In order to study of plant density effect on silage yield of new maize hybrids an experiment was conducted in factorial on the basis of randomized completely block design with four replications at agricultural research station in Qarakheil (Qaemshahr) in 2014 in Iran, after wheat harvesting. New hybrids are SC703 and SC705 that were compared with SC704. Four densities were 75,000, 85,000, 95,000 and 105,000 plant per hectar. Eeach plant planted in four rows with intera-row spacing of 75 cm. Silage yield, plant height, ear height, kernel number in ear row, kernel row number,dry silage yield, kernel, stem and leaves protein were measured. Result showed that SC704 had the highest silage yield with 70.96 t/ha. SC705 and SC703 had 64.67 and 60.22 t/ha silage yield. Density of 105,000 and 95,000 plant per hectar had higher silage yields in compare of other densities with 67.04 and 66.20 t/ha respectively. Result showed that SC704 had the highest dry silage yield with 43.19 t/ha. SC705 and SC703 had 38.69 and 36.75 t/ha dry silage yield respectively. Density of 105,000 and 95,000 plant per hectar had higher dry silage yields in compare of other densities with 40.67 and 40.55 t/ha respectively. With increasing of density, crude protein (in kernel, stem and leaves) decreased.</p>

scholarly journals Insecticide Efficacy Against Dbm, 1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
R. F. L Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku ◽  
K. W. Dunster
Keyword(s):  
Field Size ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Three insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from July to September. The field was set up in a RCB design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of a single row of cabbage planted at 18 inch between plant spacing. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 24 inch row spacing. Blocks were separated by a 36 inch spacing. Total field size was 68 ft. by 70 ft. Treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer set at 60 psi with an output of 100 gpa. One hollow cone nozzle (TX-26) was used per row. The first treatment was applied one week after transplanting into the field on 18 Jul. Subsequently, six applications were made weekly until the week before harvest on the following dates: 25 Jul, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 Aug.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Fipronil for Dbm Control, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
R.F.L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from June to August. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft by 7.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage on 36 in. centers and 18 in. in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatments were applied using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled by the sprayer operator. Treatments were applied at 45 psi with an output of 125 gpa. One TJ 60-8006 nozzle was used per row. The first treatment was made on 2 Jul, 1 day after transplanting. Subsequent applications were made on the following dates: 8, 16, 23, 30 Jul, 6, 13 Aug.

Effect of Integration of Fertilizers and FYM on Productivity and Soil Health of Rainfed Potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
A. K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
T. K. BAG
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers

A field trial was conducted during two consecutive summer seasons of2012 and 2013 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Shillong, Meghalaya to evaluate the integration of nutrient sources on productivity and soil health under rainfed potato cultivation in north eastern hill region of India. There were six treatments of integrated nutrient management viz., 100% Recommended dose of fertilizers,75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers and 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through FYM, 50% RDF and 50% RDN through FYM, 25% RDF and 75% RDN through FYM, 100% RDN through FYM and control (no application of any sources of nutrients). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Nutrient management practices showed the significant improvement on growth and yield attributes of potato over control plot. Highest productivity of potato tubers (t/ha) was noticed with application of 75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers along with 25% RDN through FYM. Similarly, the maximum net return was associated with application of 75% RDF and 25% RDN through FYM under investigation. Application of 75% Recommended dose of nutrients through synthetic fertilizers in combination with 25% Recommended dose of nitrogen through FYM was more profitable for sustainable production of potato in the north eastern hill region of India.

Nitrogen Requirement of Potato for Eastern Indo-Gangatic Plain of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
R. K. SINGH ◽  
V. K. DUA ◽  
S SINGH ◽  
SARALA YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference

A field experiment was carried out during 2015-16 and 2016-17 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Patna, Bihar, in randomized block design with four replications with objective to quantity the optimum requirement of nitrogen to potato crop. Significantly the highest plant height was recorded with nitrogen level of 300 kg/ha. Distributions of the smallest size of tuber yield of potato were decreasing with increasing the level of nitrogen. There was about 26.0% more yield of the smallest size tuber of potato was recorded with zero nitrogen as compare to the highest level of nitrogen i.e. 300 kg/ha. Increasing the nitrogen over the level of 150 to 225 kg per hectare, increasing the yield of tuber gradually slower rate than nitrogen level from 0 to 150 kg/ha. Total and marketable tuber yield of potato were increasing significantly with increasing level of nitrogen up to 150 kg/ha. There was no significant difference in marketable tuber yield was found for nitrogen level between 150 and 225 kg/ha. Highest (1.66) net benefit cost ratio was also recorded with level of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha in potato. Hence, application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha was found statistically and economically more beneficial for potato cultivation in Eastern Indo-Gangatic plain of India.

scholarly journals Estimation of dose and cancer risk to newborn from chest X-ray in South-South Nigeria: a call for protocol optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akintayo Daniel Omojola ◽  
Michael Onoriode Akpochafor ◽  
Samuel Olaolu Adeneye ◽  
Isiaka Olusola Akala ◽  
Azuka Anthonio Agboje
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
International Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Neonatal Patient ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The use of X-ray as a diagnostic tool for complication and anomaly in the neonatal patient has been helpful, but the effect of radiation on newborn stands to increase their cancer risk. This study aims to determine the mean, 50th percentile (quartile 2 (Q2)), and 75th percentile (quartile 3 (Q3)) entrance surface dose (ESD) from anteroposterior (AP) chest X-ray and to compare our findings with other relevant studies. The study used calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), which was positioned on the central axis of the patient. The encapsulated TLD chips were held to the patients’ body using paper tape. The mean kilovoltage peak (kVp) and milliampere seconds (mAs) used was 56.63(52–60) and 5.7 (5–6.3). The mean background TLD counts were subtracted from the exposed TLD counts and a calibration factor was applied to determine ESD. Results The mean ESDs of the newborn between 1 and 7, 8 and 14, 15 and 21, and 22 and 28 days were 1.09 ± 0.43, 1.15 ± 0.50, 1.19 ± 0.45, and 1.32 ± 0.47 mGy respectively. A one-way ANOVA test shows that there were no differences in the mean doses for the 4 age groups (P = 0.597). The 50th percentile for the 4 age groups was 1.07, 1.26, 1.09, and 1.29 mGy respectively, and 75th percentile were 1.41, 1.55, 1.55, and 1.69 mGy respectively. The mean effective dose (ED) in this study was 0.74 mSv, and the estimated cancer risk was 20.7 × 10−6. Conclusion ESD was primarily affected by the film-focus distance (FFD) and the patient field size. The ESD at 75th percentile and ED in this study was higher compared to other national and international studies. The estimated cancer risk to a newborn was below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) limit for fatal childhood cancer (2.8 × 10−2Sv−1).

scholarly journals Seed Yam Production Using High-Quality Minitubers Derived from Plants Established with Vine Cuttings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Beatrice Aighewi ◽  
Norbert Maroya ◽  
Lava Kumar ◽  
Morufat Balogun ◽  
Daniel Aihebhoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Set Up

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a valuable food security crop in West Africa, where 92% of the world production occurs. The availability of quality seed tubers for increased productivity is a major challenge. In this study, minitubers weighing 1, 3, and 5 g produced from virus-free single-node vine cuttings of two improved yam varieties (Asiedu and Kpamyo) growing in an aeroponics system were assessed for suitability in seed production at a population of 100,000 plants ha−1. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications was set up during the cropping seasons of 2017 to 2019 at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. Results showed field establishments of 87%–97.8%. Yields differed with minituber size, variety, and cropping season; the highest was 31.2 t ha−1 in 2019 and the lowest, 10 t ha−1 in 2018 from 5 and 1 g Kpamyo minitubers, respectively. The estimated number of tubers produced per hectare by 1, 3, and 5 g minitubers was 101,296, 112,592, and 130,555, with mean weights per stand of 159.2, 187.3, and 249.4 g, respectively. We recommend using less than 6 g minitubers for seed yam production due to their high multiplication rates.

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