scholarly journals Long-term effects of elevated CO2, nighttime warming and drought on plant secondary metabolites in a temperate heath ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 1065-1075
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Päivi Tiiva ◽  
Åsmund Rinnan ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Anders Michelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Nighttime Warming ◽  
Change Components

Abstract Background and Aims Plant secondary metabolites play critical roles in plant stress tolerance and adaptation, and are known to be influenced by the environment and climate changes, yet the impacts and interactions of multiple climate change components are poorly understood, particularly under natural conditions. Methods Accumulation of phenolics and emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed on heather, Calluna vulgaris, an abundant evergreen dwarf shrub in European heathlands, after 6 years of exposure to elevated CO2, summer drought and nighttime warming. Key Results Drought alone had the strongest effects on phenolic concentrations and compositions, with moderate effects of elevated CO2 and temperature. Elevated CO2 exerted the greatest impact on VOC emissions, mainly by increasing monoterpene emissions. The response magnitudes varied among plant tissue types and chemical constituents, and across time. With respect to interactive effects of the studied climate change components, the interaction between drought and elevated CO2 was most apparent. Drought mainly reduced phenolic accumulation and VOC emissions, while elevated CO2 mitigated such effects. Conclusions In natural ecosystems, co-occurring climate factors can exert complex impacts on plant secondary metabolite profiles, which may in turn alter ecosystem processes.

Sodium balance in ruffed grouse as influenced by sodium levels and plant secondary metabolites in quaking aspen

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Jakubas ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo ◽  
Conrad Vispo ◽  
William H. Karasov
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Coniferyl Benzoate

Forages in boreal ecosystems are often deficient in sodium for mammalian herbivores. Moreover, consumption of various plant secondary metabolites has been associated with negative sodium balance in mammals. Neither of these issues has been investigated in birds, which differ from mammals in their ion-exchange processes and postrenal absorption of urine. Our objectives were to determine if ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) can maintain sodium balance on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) flower buds, an important winter food, and to determine if the buds' primary plant secondary metabolite (coniferyl benzoate) further compromises a bird's sodium balance. Captive ruffed grouse were fed either aspen buds (0.063 mg∙g−1 sodium) or a formulated diet having different concentrations of coniferyl benzoate in no-choice feeding trials. Sodium excretion did not change in response to coniferyl benzoate intake or acid load from detoxication processes; however, birds were marginally in negative sodium balance (P = 0.035; −5.06 ± 2.05 mg∙kg−1∙d−1) when feeding on aspen buds. Sodium levels in the feces from free-ranging grouse (0.050 ± 0.0 mg∙g−1) and in their winter foods (0.065 mg∙g−1) indicated that these birds likely maintained sodium balance. We estimated that free-ranging ruffed grouse may need as little as 7 mg∙kg−1∙d−1 of sodium to maintain sodium balance, which is lower than the minimum sodium requirements for poultry and mammals.

scholarly journals A Review on Cardioprotective Mechanism of Chemical Constituents of Medicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Sreya Kosanam ◽  
Rajeshwari Pasupula
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Open Access Journals

Plants are the major source of human living. Since the beginning of the era, plants have been used for medicinal purposes. There is dire to explore the mechanism of chemical constituents in plants and particularly saponins, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids due to their mechanism to save damaged cells in cardiac muscle. Databases like Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals were searched to find the articles describing the cardioprotective mechanism of medicinal plants. Saponin, flavonoids, glycoside, steroid, alkaloids, tannin, phenol, phlorotannin, terpenoids, and anthraquinone are chemical constituents in plants that enhance cardioprotection activity and decreases cardiac abnormalities. The current review article provides data on the use of medicinal plants, specifically against cardiac diseases, as well as an investigation of molecules/phytoconstituents as plant secondary metabolites for their cardioprotective potential.

Translating physiological signals to changes in feeding behaviour in mammals and the future effects of global climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben D. Moore ◽  
Natasha L. Wiggins ◽  
Karen J. Marsh ◽  
M. Denise Dearing ◽  
William J. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
The Impact

Mammals cannot avoid ingesting secondary metabolites, often in significant amounts. Thus, their intake must be regulated to avoid intoxication. Three broad mechanisms have been described by which this can be achieved. These are conditioned aversions mediated by nausea, non-conditioned aversions and the recognition of limits to detoxification. Although there is some overlap between these, we know little about the way that mechanisms of toxin avoidance interact with regulation of nutrient intake and whether one has priority over the other. Nonetheless, regulation of meal length and inter-meal length allows the intake of some plant secondary metabolites to be matched with an animal’s capacity for detoxification and its nutritional requirements. Toxicity itself is not a fixed limitation and recent work suggests that ambient temperature can be a major determinant of the toxicity of plant secondary metabolites, largely through effects on liver function. These effects are likely to be of major importance in predicting the impact of global climate change on herbivores.

Antagonism between elevated CO2, nighttime warming, and summer drought reduces the robustness of PSII performance to freezing events

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Rost Albert ◽  
Kristine Boesgaard ◽  
Helge Ro-Poulsen ◽  
Teis N. Mikkelsen ◽  
Susanne Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Nighttime Warming

scholarly journals Climate and Competitive Status Modulate the Variation in Secondary Metabolites More in Leaves Than in Fine Roots of Betula pendula

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvo Tullus ◽  
Linda Rusalepp ◽  
Reimo Lutter ◽  
Katrin Rosenvald ◽  
Ants Kaasik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Below Ground

Plant secondary metabolites have many important functions; they also determine the productivity and resilience of trees under climate change. The effects of environmental factors on secondary metabolites are much better understood in above-ground than in below-ground part of the tree. Competition is a crucial biotic stress factor, but little is known about the interaction effect of climate and competition on the secondary chemistry of trees. Moreover, competition effect is usually overlooked when analyzing the sources of variation in the secondary chemistry. Our aim was to clarify the effects of competitive status, within-crown light environment, and climate on the secondary chemistry of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). We sampled leaves (from upper and lower crown) and fine roots from competitively dominant and suppressed B. pendula trees in plantations along a latitudinal gradient (56–67° N) in Fennoscandia, with mean annual temperature (MAT) range: −1 to 8°C. Secondary metabolites in leaves (SML) and fine roots (SMFR) were determined with an HPLC-qTOF mass spectrometer. We found that SML content increased significantly with MAT. The effect of competitive stress on SML strengthened in colder climates (MAT<4°C). Competition and shade initiated a few similar responses in SML. SMFR varied less with MAT. Suppressed trees allocated relatively more resources to SML in warmer climates and to SMFR in colder ones. Our study revealed that the content and profile of secondary metabolites (mostly phenolic defense compounds and growth regulators) in leaves of B. pendula varied with climate and reflected the trees’ defense requirements against herbivory, exposure to irradiance, and competitive status (resource supply). The metabolic profile of fine roots reflected, besides defense requirements, also different below-ground competition strategies in warmer and colder climates. An increase in carbon assimilation to secondary compounds can be expected at northern latitudes due to climate change.

Consequences of Corymbia (Myrtaceae) hybridisation on leaf-oil profiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Hayes ◽  
Helen F. Nahrung ◽  
David J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Insect Interactions

The present study examines patterns of heritability of plant secondary metabolites following hybridisation among three genetically homogeneous taxa of spotted gum (Corymbia henryi (S.T.Blake) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, C. citriodora subsp. variegata (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson and C. citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson subsp. citriodora (section Maculatae), and their congener C. torelliana (F.Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S.Johnson (section Torellianae)). Hexane extracts of leaves of all four parent taxa were statistically distinguishable (ANOSIM: global R = 0.976, P = 0.008). Hybridisation patterns varied among the taxa studied, with the hybrid formed with C. citriodora subsp. variegata showing an intermediate extractive profile between its parents, whereas the profiles of the other two hybrids were dominated by that of C. torelliana. These different patterns in plant secondary-metabolite inheritance may have implications for a range of plant–insect interactions.

scholarly journals Elucidating the relevance of high temperature and elevated CO2 in plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) production

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e07709
Author(s):  
Abhishek Jamloki ◽  
Malini Bhattacharyya ◽  
M.C. Nautiyal ◽  
Babita Patni
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites

scholarly journals Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Rahmatullah Jan ◽  
Sajjad Asaf ◽  
Muhammad Numan ◽  
Lubna ◽  
Kyung-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play important roles in plant survival and in creating ecological connections between other species. In addition to providing a variety of valuable natural products, secondary metabolites help protect plants against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. Given their sessile nature, plants must protect themselves from such situations through accumulation of these bioactive compounds. Indeed, secondary metabolites act as herbivore deterrents, barriers against pathogen invasion, and mitigators of oxidative stress. The accumulation of SMs are highly dependent on environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility, and salinity. For most plants, a change in an individual environmental factor can alter the content of secondary metabolites even if other factors remain constant. In this review, we focus on how individual environmental factors affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants during both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the application of abiotic and biotic elicitors in culture systems as well as their stimulating effects on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Specifically, we discuss the shikimate pathway and the aromatic amino acids produced in this pathway, which are the precursors of a range of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. We also detail how the biosynthesis of important metabolites is altered by several genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in various plant species during stress conditions are regulated by transcriptional factors such as WRKY, MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, bHLH, and NAC, which are also discussed here.

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