scholarly journals C-31Psychopathic Personality Traits and Executive Functions in Daily Life

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 574.2-574
Author(s):  
C Lantrip ◽  
S Towns ◽  
R Roth ◽  
P Giancola
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Daily Life

Executive functions mediate the association between alcohol use and declarative memory symptoms in daily life

AIDS Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
David P. Sheppard ◽  
Anastasia Matchanova ◽  
Sylvie Naar ◽  
Angulique Y. Outlaw ◽  
Sharon L. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Daily Life

scholarly journals Development of Executive Functions as Reflected in Daily Life Behaviors in Young Adults at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: Associations With Symptoms and Functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Birkedal Glenthøj ◽  
Carsten Hjorthøj ◽  
Tina Dam Kristensen ◽  
Christina Wenneberg ◽  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Behaviour Rating

Abstract There is a paucity of evidence on executive functions (EF) as reflected in daily life behaviors in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. This prospective follow-up study investigated the 1-year development in EF in UHR compared to healthy controls (HC) and how this change may relate to change in severity of clinical symptoms, social communication, and functioning. UHR (N = 132) and HC (N = 66) were assessed with the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult version (BRIEF-A) self and informant report at baseline and 12 months follow-up comprising the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) and the Metacognition Index (MI). Additionally, data on depressive-, negative-, and attenuated psychotic symptoms and everyday social functioning were collected. The study found UHR to display large baseline impairments in EF in real life on both self- and informant reports. UHR and HC showed a significantly different development of EF over time, with UHR displaying greater improvements in EF compared to HC. Change in clinical symptoms did not relate to improvements in EF, except for depressive symptoms negatively associating with the development of the MI. Improvements on the BRI and MI were significantly associated with improvements in social functioning. Findings suggest the potential of UHR individuals displaying a larger ongoing maturational development of daily life EF than HC that seems predominantly independent of development of clinical symptoms. If replicated, this supports a maturational trajectory of daily life EF in UHR that approaches, but do not reach, the level of HC and may indicate a window of opportunity for targeted remediation approaches.

scholarly journals Auditory multistability and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1714) ◽  
pp. 20160110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohito M. Kondo ◽  
Dávid Farkas ◽  
Susan L. Denham ◽  
Tomohisa Asai ◽  
István Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Auditory Streaming ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
Perceptual Objects ◽  
Sound Sequence ◽  
Repeated Words

Multistability in perception is a powerful tool for investigating sensory–perceptual transformations, because it produces dissociations between sensory inputs and subjective experience. Spontaneous switching between different perceptual objects occurs during prolonged listening to a sound sequence of tone triplets or repeated words (termed auditory streaming and verbal transformations, respectively). We used these examples of auditory multistability to examine to what extent neurochemical and cognitive factors influence the observed idiosyncratic patterns of switching between perceptual objects. The concentrations of glutamate–glutamine (Glx) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain regions were measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, while personality traits and executive functions were assessed using questionnaires and response inhibition tasks. Idiosyncratic patterns of perceptual switching in the two multistable stimulus configurations were identified using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. Intriguingly, although switching patterns within each individual differed between auditory streaming and verbal transformations, similar MDS dimensions were extracted separately from the two datasets. Individual switching patterns were significantly correlated with Glx and GABA concentrations in auditory cortex and inferior frontal cortex but not with the personality traits and executive functions. Our results suggest that auditory perceptual organization depends on the balance between neural excitation and inhibition in different brain regions. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Auditory and visual scene analysis'.

scholarly journals Executive Function Training in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: Study Protocol

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Krawczyk ◽  
Kihwan Han ◽  
David Martinez ◽  
Jelena Rakic ◽  
Matthew Kmiecik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Post Injury

Abstract Background: Some individuals who sustain traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) continue to experience significant cognitive impairments chronically (months-to-years post-injury). Many tests of executive function are insensitive to these executive function impairments, as such impairments may only appear during complex daily life conditions. Daily life often requires us to divide our attention and focus on abstract goals. In the current study, we compare the effects of two one-month electronic cognitive rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic TBI. The active program (Expedition: Strategic Advantage) focuses on improving goal-directed executive functions including working memory, planning, long-term memory, and inhibitory control by challenging participants to accomplish life-like cognitive simulations. The challenge level of the simulations increase in accordance with participant achievement. The control intervention (Expedition: Informational Advantage) is identical to the active; however, the cognitive demand level is capped preventing participants from advancing beyond a set level. We will evaluate these interventions with a military veteran TBI population. Methods: One hundred individuals will be enrolled in this double-blinded clinical trial (all participants and testers are blinded to condition). Each individual will be randomly assigned to one of two interventions. The primary anticipated outcomes are improvement of daily life cognitive function skills and daily life functions. These are measured by a daily life performance task, which tests cognitive skills, and a survey that evaluates daily life functions. Secondary outcomes are also predicted to include improvements in working memory, attention, planning, and inhibitory control as measured by a neuropsychological test battery. Lastly, neuroimaging measures will be used to evaluate changes in brain networks supporting cognition pre-intervention and post-intervention. Discussion: We will test whether electronically delivered cognitive rehabilitation aimed at improving daily life functional skills will provide cognitive and daily life functional improvements for individuals in the chronic phase of TBI recovery (greater than three months post-injury). We aim to better understand the cognitive processes involved in recovery and the characteristics of individuals most likely to benefit. This study will also address the potential to observe generalizability, or transfer, from a software-based cognitive training tool toward daily life improvement. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03704116 (retrospectively registered) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03704116?term=tbi+krawczyk&rank=1 Keywords: Cognitive rehabilitation, traumatic brain injury, executive functions, daily life functions, memory, attention, planning. Support: Joint Warfighter Program; U. S. Dept. of Defense W81XWH-16-1-0053

scholarly journals Executive functions and quality of life in children with neurofibromatosis type 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Roy ◽  
Jean-Luc Roulin ◽  
Christèle Gras-Le Guen ◽  
Marie-Laure Corbat ◽  
Sébastien Barbarot
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Self Reports

Abstract Background. To examine the impact of executive function disorders on health-related quality of life (QoL) in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Prospective single-center study among 40 children with NF1 aged 812 years (mean = 9.7, SD = 1.4) and their parents, comparing them with 56 healthy control children matched for age, sex, parental education level, and handedness. We collected children’s self-reports and parents’ proxy reports of QoL with the Kidscreen-52 questionnaire, and measured executive functions by combining seven performance-based tests and a daily life questionnaire completed by parents and teachers. Results. Several QoL domains were significantly impaired in the children with NF1, compared with healthy controls, according to both their self-reports (3 out of 9 scales; Cohen’s d: .40.42) and their parents’ reports (6 out of 9 scales; Cohen’s d: .34.75), with a systematic decrease in the social support and peers and school environment domains. Executive function disorders (Cohen’s d: .641.72) significantly predicted the impairment of QoL domains as perceived by the children or their parents, regardless of the indirect indicators of learning disabilities. Conclusions. Both performance-based executive function scores and behavior ratings of executive functions in daily life by parents and teachers were associated with low QoL levels in the children with NF1. The school environment and social integration appear to be particularly affected, and should therefore be targeted in the management of the disease. 227 words

scholarly journals Executive functions, Personality traits and ADHD symptoms in adolescents: A mediation analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0232470
Author(s):  
Virginia Krieger ◽  
Juan Antonio Amador-Campos ◽  
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Adhd Symptoms

Targeting the Transition Goals of Teens Through Executive Function Support

2022 ◽  
pp. 004005992110669
Author(s):  
S. Blair Payne ◽  
Elizabeth Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Transition Planning ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Individualized Education Programs ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Post Secondary

Executive functions, which begin developing in early childhood, are necessary for the tasks of daily life, such as decision making and planning. Despite their early development, often without teaching, many teens with disabilities need explicit instruction to acquire and apply executive functions each day. Gaps in executive functions directly impact a teens ability to achieve post-secondary success, as executive functions support planning, goal setting, and organization. This article provides instruction on how to support teens with disabilities on three executive functions: (a) building habits that form routines, (b) utilizing sensory reminders to manage time, and (c) applying a planning tool. This article also instructs teachers on embedding executive function instruction within transition planning for individualized education programs.

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