scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes and Satisfaction following Neuropsychological Assessment for Adults: A Community Hospital Prospective Quasi-Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1303-1311
Author(s):  
Margaret Lanca ◽  
Anthony J Giuliano ◽  
Casey Sarapas ◽  
Anya I Potter ◽  
Michelle S Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Feedback Session ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract Objective Patients and other stakeholders generally report high satisfaction with neuropsychological evaluations (NPEs), but no research has examined effects of cognitive, emotional, and other factors that often prompt evaluations. A prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine self-reported cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, self-efficacy, motivation, and satisfaction following a NPE. Method Participants from a neuropsychology clinic who were diagnosed with AD/HD and/or a DSM-IV mood disorder based on a NPE were included, and excluded if diagnosed with dementia or failure on performance validity tests. Results To examine whether a NPE with an interventional feedback session was associated with outcomes, changes from baseline to post-feedback session were examined with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Pearson correlations determined whether changes in hypothesized mechanisms (i.e., self-efficacy, goal importance and confidence ratings, and use of cognitive strategies) were related to changes in cognitive or psychiatric symptom severity. At follow-up, participants reported reductions in psychiatric (change in Brief Symptom Inventory depression: M = -2.8, SD = 4.4, range = −11 to 8, ${\eta}_p^2$=.30; anxiety: M = 3.2, SD = 6.6, range = −21 to 10, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .20) and cognitive symptoms (change in Multiple Ability Self-Report Questionnaire attention: M = −0.3, SD = 0.5, range = −1.6 to 0.5, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .31; verbal memory: M = −0.3, SD = 0.5, range = −1.1 to 0.5, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .24; language: M = −0.4, SD = 0.4, range = −1.3 to 0.4, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .48), and improved cognition (change in Meta-Memory Questionnaire ability: M = 4.4,SD = 6.2, range = −10 to 16, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .35; contentment: M = 4.3, SD = 4.5, range = −7 to 14, ${\eta}_p^2$ = .49). Participants reported increased self-efficacy for general and evaluation-specific goals. Increased goal-specific self-efficacy was associated with large reductions in psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the NPE. Results support the clinical utility of NPE and feedback, and underscore the importance of individualized goal setting as part of the evaluation process.

The Role of Potentially Malleable Factors in Post-Concussive Symptoms and Objective Cognitive Outcomes in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with History of Mild TBI

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-850
Author(s):  
S Jurick ◽  
V Merritt ◽  
L Crocker ◽  
G Iverson ◽  
S Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Mild Brain Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Additional Variance

Abstract Objective We examined whether potentially malleable factors are associated with post-concussive symptoms (PCS) and cognition in Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) histories. Method Combat-exposed Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with remote history of mTBI (N=48) completed a neuropsychological assessment and self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical linear regressions predicting PCS (Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire) and objective cognition included relevant demographic, injury, and psychiatric symptom variables in the first block and five malleable factors (TBI knowledge, self-efficacy, coping style, attribution of symptoms to mTBI, and uncommonly-endorsed symptoms [mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms (mBIAS) scale]) in the second block. Those with valid performance validity tests (n = 42) were included in the cognitive test analyses. Results With psychiatric symptoms and lifetime history of mTBIs entered first, malleable factors accounted for 14-17% of additional variance in PCS (p < .001). Lower self-efficacy (B = -.53, p < .001) and greater attribution of symptoms to mTBI (B = .21, p = .05) were associated with higher PCS, whereas an approach style of coping, TBI knowledge, and the mBIAS were not (p’s>.05). Regarding cognition, the malleable factors block accounted for 25% of additional variance in executive functioning (p = .04) with premorbid intelligence entered first. Specifically, higher mBIAS scores significantly predicted worse executive functioning (B = -.50, p = .004). No significant associations emerged when predicting attention/processing speed or memory (p’s>.05). Conclusions In combat-exposed Veterans with mTBI histories, potentially malleable factors contribute to clinical outcomes even after accounting for psychiatric symptoms. These malleable features are prime targets to augment during psychoeducation (e.g., uncommonly-endorsed symptoms, attribution of symptoms) and cognitive behavioral therapy (e.g., self-efficacy) in the context of chronic PCS.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition education by health professionals on pregnancy-specific nutrition knowledge and healthy dietary practice among pregnant women in Asmara, Eritrea: a quasi-experimental study

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000159
Author(s):  
Lidia Ghirmai Teweldemedhin ◽  
Helen Gebretatyos Amanuel ◽  
Soliana Amanuel Berhe ◽  
Ghidey Gebreyohans ◽  
Zemenfes Tsige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Practice ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

BackgroundHealthy pregnancy and birth outcomes are greatly influenced by the intake of adequate and balanced nutrition. Pregnant women’s nutritional knowledge and practice have been identified as an important prerequisites for their proper nutritional intake. The antenatal period with the opportunities for regular contact with health professionals appears to be the ideal time and setting to institute the intervention which could maximise pregnant women’s outcome and that of their baby by motivating them to make nutritional changes.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of nutrition education on the appropriate nutritional knowledge and practice of pregnant women.MethodologyA facility-based single-group pre–post quasi-experimental study design was employed in five health facilities providing antenatal care (ANC) service in Asmara on 226 pregnant women. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data regarding nutritional knowledge via interview by trained data collectors during the pretest, immediate post-test and 6 weeks later. The practice was assessed at pre-intervention and 6 weeks later only. Repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t-test were used to make comparisons in knowledge and practice scores, respectively, using SPSS (V.22).ResultsTraining provided to pregnant women resulted in a significant increase on the mean scores of their knowledge from 29.01/47 (SE=0.35) pre-intervention to 42.73/47 (SE=0.24) immediate post-intervention. However, the score declined significantly from immediate after intervention to 6-week follow-up by 1.79 (SE=0.22). Although the score declined, knowledge at 6-week follow-up was still significantly greater than that of pre-intervention (p<0.0001). Health professionals (70.2%) were the primary source of information for pregnant women. The pregnancy-specific dietary practice score at 6-week follow-up (M=13.13/16, SE=0.09) was significantly higher than that of pre-intervention (M=12.55/16, SE=0.16). There was no significant interaction between the categories of demographic characteristics and change in practice and knowledge.ConclusionThis study has shown that the nutrition messages given to pregnant women by trained health professionals using a holistic approach in a sustained manner played a huge role in increasing their knowledge and in introducing positive dietary practices among them. Thus, ANC clinics must play a leading role in coordinating the effort of awareness creation regarding nutrition during pregnancy.

The Effectiveness of Childbirth Classes for Increasing Self-Efficacy in Women and Support Persons

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle Larsen ◽  
Margaret Plog
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Childbirth Education ◽  
Support Person ◽  
Quasi Experimental

PURPOSE: Determine the effectiveness of childbirth classes for increasing self-efficacy on expectant women and support persons.MATERIALS & METHODS: This quasi-experimental study used an 18-question self-efficacy instrument to survey 115 expectant women and 103 support persons prior to and immediately following childbirth classes.RESULTS: Childbirth classes significantly increased self-efficacy scores of both the women (t[82] = 211.059, p < 0.000) and the support person (t[77] = 11.673, p < 0.000). Support persons had significantly higher self-efficacy scores after the childbirth class than the women (t[175] = 22.55, p = 0.012). Type of class attended did not significantly affect self-efficacy. Dealing with labor without pain medication continued to be an area of low self-efficacy for women following childbirth classes. Evaluation of childbirth classes will help educators refine content and methods for delivery of childbirth education. Ultimately, improved patient education will result in greater patient satisfaction and optimal birth outcomes.

scholarly journals The Importance of Various Indicators of Active Learning on the Enhancement of Saudi Students’ Motivation and English Achievement: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Oqab Alrashidi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Task Value ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Saudi Students ◽  
English Achievement ◽  
The Impact

This experimental study sought to examine the impact of four indicators of active learning (i.e., elaborated feedback, group work, situated learning, and videos and pictures in classroom instruction) on the enhancement of Saudi students’ various motivational constructs (i.e., self-efficacy, task value, and effort expenditure) and English achievement. Participants were 289 university students, and the data were collected at three time points: Time 1 (before the intervention), Time 2 (in the middle of the intervention), and Time 3 (after the intervention). The findings of repeated measures ANOVA and follow-up t-tests revealed that the intervention had small impacts on all the variables at Time 2 (in the middle of the intervention). However, at Time 3 (after the intervention), the intervention had small impacts on effort expenditure and task value, a moderate impact on academic achievement, and a large impact on self-efficacy. In general, the evidence obtained provides important implications for educational practices and further research development.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy program intended to improve public health professionals’ ability to identify and manage perinatal depressive symptoms: A quasi-experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitikorn Phoosuwan ◽  
Pranee C. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Perinatal Depressive Symptoms

Abstract BackgroundDuring the perinatal period women lack screening and treatments for perinatal depressive symptoms, while public health professionals (PHPs) in primary care centres (PCCs) need training for identification and management of such symptoms. This quasi-experimental study was aimed at evaluating knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy among PHPs after participating in a Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-efficacy (KAS) program for identification and management of perinatal depressive symptoms.MethodThe KAS-program, carried through in Sakonnakhon in north-eastern Thailand, comprised one day of theory and a four-week period of field practice. Thirty-three PHPs from PCCs participated in the program. Twenty-three of them participated in focus group discussions (FGDs). Chi-square for trend, paired-sample T-tests and content analysis were used.ResultsKnowledge, attitude and self-efficacy scores increased after the PHPs had fully participated in the KAS-program. Four categories emerged from the FGDs: increased understanding and knowledge, being aware and having a positive attitude, having confidence and ability to work, and need of regular training and feedback.ConclusionThe KAS-program might contribute to giving PHPs in PCCs the knowledge, positive attitude and self-efficacy they need to identify and manage perinatal depressive symptoms. Implementation of the KAS-program to other healthcare professionals such as nurses/midwives is great of interest.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy program intended to improve public health professionals’ ability to identify and manage perinatal depressive symptoms: A quasi-experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitikorn Phoosuwan ◽  
Pranee C. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Perinatal Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Background: During the perinatal period women lack screening and treatments for perinatal depressive symptoms, while public health professionals (PHPs) in primary care centres (PCCs) need training for identification and management of such symptoms. This quasi-experimental study was aimed at evaluating knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy among PHPs after participating in a Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-efficacy (KAS) program for identification and management of perinatal depressive symptoms.Method: The KAS-program, carried through in Sakonnakhon in north-eastern Thailand, comprised one day of theory and a four-week period of field practice. Thirty-three PHPs from PCCs participated in the program. Twenty-three of them participated in focus group discussions (FGDs). Chi-square for trend, paired-sample T-tests and content analysis were used. Results: Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy scores increased after the PHPs had fully participated in the KAS-program. Four categories emerged from the FGDs: increased understanding and knowledge, being aware and having a positive attitude, having confidence and ability to work, and need of regular training and feedback.Conclusion: The KAS-program may contribute to giving PHPs in PCCs the knowledge, positive attitude and self-efficacy they need to identify and manage perinatal depressive symptoms. Implementation of the KAS-program to other healthcare professionals such as nurses/midwives is great of interest.

scholarly journals How Do Simulated Interviews Increase the Self-efficacy of Medical Students? - Quasi-experimental Research-

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuntaro Aoki ◽  
Yayoi Shikama ◽  
Kiyotaka Yasui ◽  
Yoko Moroi ◽  
Nobuo Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Simulated Patient ◽  
The Self ◽  
Medical Interview ◽  
Feedback Session ◽  
Medical Interviewing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medical Interviews ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract Background Self-efficacy is crucial in improving medical student communication skills. This study aims to clarify whether the self-efficacy of medical students conducting medical interviews increased after simulated interviews or after feedback discussions. Methods A total of 162 medical students (109 men, 53 women) in their fourth or fifth year at a university in Japan participated in this study. The degree of self-efficacy in medical interviewing was measured before and after a medical interview with a simulated patient, and after the subsequent feedback session. Results ANOVA analysis revealed that self-efficacy for medical interviews was higher after both the interview and the feedback session than before the interview. Self-efficacy was highest after the feedback session among all three time points. Conclusions Feedback following a simulated interview with a simulated patient is important to improve the self-efficacy of medical students learning medical interviewing skills.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy program intended to improve public health professionals’ ability to identify and manage perinatal depressive symptoms: A quasi-experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitikorn Phoosuwan ◽  
Pranee C. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Perinatal Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Background: During the perinatal period women lack screening and treatments for perinatal depressive symptoms, while public health professionals (PHPs) in primary care centres (PCCs) need training for identification and management of such symptoms. This quasi-experimental study was aimed at evaluating knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy among PHPs after participating in a Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-efficacy (KAS) program for identification and management of perinatal depressive symptoms.Method: The KAS-program, carried through in Sakonnakhon in north-eastern Thailand, comprised one day of theory and a four-week period of field practice. Thirty-three PHPs from PCCs participated in the program. Twenty-three of them participated in focus group discussions (FGDs). Chi-square for trend, paired-sample T-tests and content analysis were used. Results: Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy scores increased after the PHPs had fully participated in the KAS-program. Four categories emerged from the FGDs: increased understanding and knowledge, being aware and having a positive attitude, having confidence and ability to work, and need of regular training and feedback.Conclusion: The KAS-program may contribute to giving PHPs in PCCs the knowledge, positive attitude and self-efficacy they need to identify and manage perinatal depressive symptoms. Implementation of the KAS-program to other healthcare professionals such as nurses/midwives is great of interest.

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