Field Metabolism and Food Consumption of Savannah Sparrows during the Breeding Season

The Auk ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Passerculus Sandwichensis ◽  
Nestling Period ◽  
Relationship Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Savannah Sparrows

Abstract I applied the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique to measure rates of water flux and energy expenditure of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) during two breeding seasons on Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada. Simultaneous to DLW measurements, I constructed time-activity budgets for territorial males, monitored nest attentiveness for incubating females, and quantified frequency of nest visitation for parents feeding young. To ascertain the relationship between brood size and adult energy expenditure, I measured the energy expenditure of adults feeding 2, 4, and 6 nestlings. There was little difference in field metabolic rates (FMR) between territorial males [161.0\pm 21.7 (SD) ml CO2/h). and males that fed 4 nestlings (157.6 ± 19.7 ml CO2/h). Incubating females expired CO2 at rates lower than males during the same time period (134.4 ± 7.9 vs. $161.0 ± 21.7 ml CO2/h but similar to rates for females feeding 4 young, the normal brood size ($134.4 ± 7.9 ml CO2/h for incubating females vs. $136.5 ± 26.9 ml CO2h for females feeding young). Incubating females expended energy at a lower rate than females making 8 or more trips to the nest per hour, the average feeding rate for females late in the nestling period. For males and females together, water influx and efflux rates averaged 17.1 ± 3.2 and 17.2 ± 3.0 ml H20/day, suggesting that birds balanced water intake against water losses. Mean daily solar radiation (MDSR; W/ m2) also influenced FMR during the nestling period. The equation ml CO2/h=172.6-0.07 (MDSR) described the relationship. When brood sizes were manipulated, parents responded by altering their frequency of nest visitation; as frequency increased, so did the FMR of females but not of males. The equation ml CO2/h =98.4 + 5.3 (mean visits/h) described the relationship. Construction of a food budget indicated that, on average, territorial males consumed 21.1 g fresh arthropods per day, while incubating females ingested 17.5 g/day or 210.0 g during the 12-day incubation period. Through the 8-day nestling period, males augmented their foraging by 75%, females by 87%, to feed a brood of 4.

Daily Energy Expenditure of Savannah Sparrows: Comparison of Time-Energy Budget and Doubly-Labeled Water Estimates

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Williams ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Passerculus Sandwichensis ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Savannah Sparrows

Abstract Using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) technique, we measured the CO2 production of six free-living male Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis, mean mass 19.1 g) and found a mean (±1 SD) of 7.28 ± 1.36 ml ${\rm CO}_{2}/{\rm h}$. Assuming an R.Q. of 0.85 and 24 J/ml CO2, we calculated a mean $\dot{H}_{TD}$ (daily energy expenditure) of 80.3 ± 16.6 kJ/day. Simultaneously to our DLW measurements, we constructed time budgets for the sparrows during their normal activities with the intent of exploring the agreement between predictions of a number of time-energy budget (TEB) models from the literature and DLW measurements. Our results reveal that several models yield reasonable results, the mean value for the models of Kendeigh et al. (1977), Walsberg (1977), and Mugaas and King (1981) differing from DLW measurements by only +4.7, -5.6%, and +5.7%, respectively. Comparisons of $\dot{H}_{TD}$ as predicted by these TEB models between species and within species between nesting phases might be made with some confidence. However, the variation in TEB estimates is not related to variation in DLW measurements within our study. This precludes statements about differences between individuals.

Heat and water flux in the intrathoracic airways and exercise-induced asthma

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1681-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Gilbert ◽  
J. M. Fouke ◽  
E. R. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Water Flux ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Populations

To explore the relationship between the flux of heat and water within the respiratory tract during exercise and recovery to the development of exercise-induced asthma (EIA), we recorded airstream temperature at multiple points throughout the tracheobronchial tree in 10 normal and 10 asthmatic subjects before, during, and after cycle ergometry. In both groups, the intra-airway temperature fell progressively as ventilation increased, and there were no significant differences between the thermal profiles of the two populations at rest or during exercise. Calculation of water losses and the osmolality of the airway surface fluid failed to demonstrate significant airway drying in either group. With cessation of the work load, the airstream temperature increased abruptly, rising two times more rapidly in the asthmatics than the normals. Since the major source of heat in these experiments is the bronchial circulation, our findings suggest a reaction sequence consisting of vasoconstriction and airway cooling during exercise followed by a rapid resupply of heat when exercise ceases. The latter may cause the hyperplastic capillary bed in the airways of asthmatics to develop an exaggerated rebound hyperemia which may lead to airway edema and EIA.

scholarly journals The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shirahata ◽  
Hideaki Sato ◽  
Sanehiro Yogi ◽  
Kaiji Inoue ◽  
Mamoru Niitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL), in COPD. In this study, we investigated the associations of computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle area and density measurements with clinical parameters, including TEE and PAL, in patients with or at risk for COPD, and examined whether these muscle measurements serve as an indicator of TEE and PAL. Methods The study population consisted of 36 male patients with (n = 28, stage 1–4) and at risk for (n = 8) COPD aged over 50 years. TEE was measured by the doubly labeled water method, and PAL was calculated as the TEE/basal metabolic rate estimated by the indirect method. The cross-sectional areas and densities of the pectoralis muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, and erector spinae muscles were measured. We evaluated the relationship between these muscle measurements and clinical outcomes, including body composition, lung function, muscle strength, TEE, and PAL. Results All the muscle areas were significantly associated with TEE, severity of emphysema, and body composition indices such as body mass index, fat-free mass, and trunk muscle mass. All trunk muscle densities were correlated with PAL. The product of the rectus abdominis muscle area and density showed the highest association with TEE (r = 0.732) and PAL (r = 0.578). Several trunk muscle measurements showed significant correlations with maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating their roles in respiration. Conclusions CT-derived measurements for trunk muscles are helpful in evaluating physical status and function in patients with or at risk for COPD. Particularly, trunk muscle evaluation may be a useful marker reflecting TEE and PAL.

Flux hydriques et métabolisme énergétique dans un peuplement de Lacertidés des îles Kerkennah (Tunisie)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Vernet ◽  
Claude Grenot ◽  
Saïd Nouira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Active Forager

Water flux and daily energy expenditure were measured with doubly labeled water (3HH18O) in two insectivorous sympatric species of Lacertidae of Kerkennah islands (Tunisia), Eremias olivieri (mean body mass: 1.1 g) and Acanthodactylus pardalis (4.5 g) in a semiarid environment. Water turnover and field metabolic rate of Eremias olivieri (174 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 250 J g−1 d−1) were, respectively, 2.5 and 5 times higher than those of Acanthodactylus pardalis (70 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 52 J g−1 d−1). The water turnover of Eremias olivieri is one of the highest known among insectivorous lizards, and the daily energy expenditure of Acanthodactylus pardalis one of the lowest. The most plausible explanations are the differences in the size of the prey eaten by each species at this time of the season and in the duration of daily activity; the daily activity of Acanthodactylus pardalis is short (4.5 h d−1) although it is a sit-and-wait predator, whereas Eremias olivieri is active regularly every day for a longer period (7.5 h d−1) although it is an active forager. The high values of water turnover in Eremias olivieri suggest that food is not the only source of water for lizards in this particular insular environment.

Energy expenditure by elite midget male ice hockey players in small-sided games

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles-Mathieu Lachaume ◽  
François Trudeau ◽  
Jean Lemoyne
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Treadmill Testing ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy expenditure and heart rate responses elicited in elite male midget ice hockey players during small-sided games. Nine players (aged 15.89 ± 0.33 years) participated in the study. Maximal progressive treadmill testing in the laboratory measured the relationship of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) to heart rate before on-ice assessments of heart rate during six different small-sided games: 1v1, 2v2, 2v2 with support player, 3v3 with support player, 3v3 with transitions, and 4v4 with two support players. Heart rate was recorded continuously in each game. 3v3 T small-sided game was the most intense for all four intensity markers. All six small-sided games reached 89% HRmax or more with heart rate peaks in active effort repetition. These findings demonstrate that such small-sided games are considered as high intensity games and are an effective training method for ice hockey players.

Effects of Television on Metabolic Rate: Potential Implications For Childhood Obesity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Robert C. Klesges ◽  
Mary L. Shelton ◽  
Lisa M. Klesges
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resting Energy

The effects of television viewing on resting energy expenditure (metabolic rate) in obese and normal-weight children were studied in a laboratory setting. Subjects were 15 obese children and 16 normal-weight children whose ages ranged from 8 to 12 years. All subjects had two measures of resting energy expenditure obtained while at rest and one measurement of energy expenditure taken while viewing television. Results indicated that metabolic rate during television viewing was significantly lower (mean decrease of 211 kcal extrapolated to a day) than during rest. Obese children tended to have a larger decrease, although this difference was not statistically significant (262 kcal/d vs 167 kcal/d, respectively). It was concluded that television viewing has a fairly profound lowering effect of metabolic rate and may be a mechanism for the relationship between obesity and amount of television viewing.

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure and Water Flux of Rüppell’s Foxes in Saudi Arabia

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Williams ◽  
Danny Lenain ◽  
Stephane Ostrowski ◽  
B. I. Tieleman ◽  
Philip J. Seddon
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Flux
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