Polyandry and paternity affect disease resistance in eusocial wasps

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Saga ◽  
Masaki Okuno ◽  
Kevin J Loope ◽  
Koji Tsuchida ◽  
Kako Ohbayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Evolution Of Eusociality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana

Abstract Polyandry (multiple mating by females) is a central challenge for understanding the evolution of eusociality. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain its observed benefits in eusocial Hymenoptera, one of which, the parasite–pathogen hypothesis (PPH), posits that high genotypic variance among workers for disease resistance prevents catastrophic colony collapse. We tested the PPH in the polyandrous wasp Vespula shidai. We infected isolated workers with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and quantified their survival in the laboratory. Additionally, we conducted a paternity analysis of the workers using nine microsatellite loci to investigate the relationship between survival and the matriline and patriline membership of the workers. As predicted by the PPH, nestmate workers of different patrilines showed differential resistance to B. bassiana. We also demonstrated variation in virulence among strains of B. bassiana. Our results are the first to directly support the PPH in eusocial wasps and suggest that similar evolutionary pressures drove the convergent origin and maintenance of polyandry in ants, bees, and wasps.

scholarly journals Polyandry and paternity affect disease resistance in eusocial wasps: support for the parasite–pathogen hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Saga ◽  
Masaki Okuno ◽  
Kevin J. Loope ◽  
Koji Tsuchida ◽  
Kako Ohbayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Evolution Of Eusociality ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPolyandry (multiple mating by females) is a central challenge for understanding the evolution of eusociality. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain its observed benefits in eusocial Hymenoptera, and one, the parasite–pathogen hypothesis, proposes that high genotypic variance among workers for disease resistance prevents catastrophic colony collapse. We tested the parasite–pathogen hypothesis in the polyandrous wasp Vespula shidai. We infected isolated workers with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and quantified their survival in the laboratory. Additionally, we conducted paternity analysis of the workers using nine microsatellite loci to investigate the relationship between survival and matriline/patriline of the workers. As predicted by the parasite–pathogen hypothesis, nestmate workers of different patrilines showed differential resistance to B. bassiana. We also demonstrated variations in virulence among strains of B. bassiana. Our results are the first to directly support the parasite–pathogen hypothesis in eusocial wasps and suggest that similar evolutionary pressures drove the convergent origin and maintenance of polyandry in ants, bees, and wasps.

Frequency of multiple paternity in the grass snake (Natrix natrix)

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Meister ◽  
Sylvain Ursenbacher ◽  
Bruno Baur
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimate ◽  
New World ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Natrix Natrix ◽  
Grass Snake

Males can enhance their reproductive success through mating with multiple females. For females, however, one mating is usually sufficient to inseminate all of their ova. Females may benefit from multiple mating by producing genetically more diverse offspring, and by having the opportunity to choose sperm of the genetically most compatible male. We used five microsatellite loci to investigate the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity in 11 clutches of the grass snake (Natrix natrix) in Switzerland. Using a very conservative estimate (program GERUD), two or more fathers were found in 27% of the clutches. However, based on the maximum likelihood estimate (program COLONY), multiple paternity occurred in 91% of the clutches with 2-5 contributing males per female. This is the first investigation demonstrating multiple paternity in a European natricine, with a frequency similar to those found in new world natricines.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Beberapa Nomor Aksesi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Terhadap Ketahanan Penyakit Hawar Daun (Phytopthora infestans (Mont.) de Bery)

Jurnal Agrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Muhamad Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to evaluate 27 potato accession numbers from crosses that have disease resistance of  P. infestans ( late blight ), knowing the potential production of 27 clones of potato accession numbers from crosses. Results showed the intensity of the disease are observed including six resistant clones 22.22% (PT4, AP3, PT3, AP4, AP7, and PT2) with the intensity of attacks between 9.70-18.33%, 14.81% four moderately resistant clone (PT1, PT5, AP8 and AP2) with the intensity of 20.48-37.50%, 12%  moderately susceptible clones 44.44 (RP5, RP18, RP7, RP16, RP 6, RP 8, RP3, RP2, RP14, RP17, Rp13, and RP10) with the intensity of attacks 45.00-59, 12%, and 18-52% five clones were classified as susceptible (RP4, RP15, RP 9, AP1 and AP6) with the intensity of attacks between 68.18-100%. Intensity of the relationship is linear with the number of bulbs, with the model equation Y = 17 594 - 0.174x. (R2 = 0.264), the intensity of the relationship with tuber weight is linear, with the model equation Y = 404 817-4.606x. (R2 = 0.297) and the intensity of the bulb volume is linear, with a regression model Y = 346 010- 4.081x. (R2 = 0.292).

scholarly journals Optimisation of a multiplex PCR assay of nuclear microsatellite markers for population genetics and clone identification in Robinia pseudoacacia L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Liesebach ◽  
E. Ewald
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Clone Identification ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

AbstractBlack locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a tree species native to North America. The multipurpose tree is cultivated worldwide, but causes problems due to its partially invasive character. The application of nuclear microsatellite loci has many aims in population genetic studies. Here we introduce a very cost-effective method for combining the information of 14 nuclear microsatellite loci into two multiplex PCR sets as a contribution to greater standardisation and more comparable results. Combined non-exclusion probabilities for clone identification using example populations are estimated at between 1.37*E-5 and 1.67*E-11, and for paternity analysis for 1.59*E-4. The detected weak linkage between some microsatellite loci is not considered to be a substantial restriction to the reliability of the set of markers in providing an appropriate method for fingerprinting and parentage analysis.

Multiple paternity in the moor frog, Rana arvalis

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Knopp ◽  
Juha Merilä
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Rana Arvalis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moor Frog

AbstractThe frequency of multiple paternity in 21 moor frog (Rana arvalis) egg clutches from one Swedish breeding locality was investigated using nine microsatellite loci. By genotyping on average 24 fertilized eggs per female, two different analyzes revealed multiple paternity in 14% and 29% of the egg clutches examined, respectively. In the multiply sired broods, approximately 23% of the individual eggs belonged to a second male. The observed frequency of multiple paternity was relatively high and in line with earlier amphibian studies. The evolutionary significance and proximate reason (active multiple mating or sperm leakage at communal lek) for the observed patterns remain unclear.

scholarly journals Correlations between microsatellite DNA heterozygosity and reproductive traits in Large White sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
A. S. Kramarenko ◽  
S. S. Kramarenko ◽  
S. I. Lugovoy ◽  
I. P. Atamanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The main aim of this paper was to determine whether heterozygosity (assessed using microsatellite genotypes) was correlated with the reproductive traits in sows. The study was conducted on two herds of sows of the Large White sows breed at the Limited Liability Company “Tavriys’ki svyni” (Kherson region, Ukraine) and the Agricultural Private Enterprise “Techmet-Yug” (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine). During the study, we used eleven microsatellite loci recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) – S0101, S0155, S0228, S0355, S0386, Sw24, Sw72, Sw240, Sw857, Sw936 and Sw951. The litter records included information on the total number of piglets born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), number of stillborn piglets (NSB), frequency of stillborn piglets (FSB), litter size at weaning (NW) in the first five parities. Individual heterozygosity estimates (for each microsatellite loci separately) and microsatellite multilocus heterozygosity (for all used loci) estimates (MLH) were used in our analysis. ANOVA was used to determine the relationship of the dependent effects (reproductive traits) to single locus heterozygosity using two classes: 0 (for homozygous individuals) and 1 (for heterozygous individuals). In addition, the following indicators were calculated for each genotype: the squared distances (d2) between alleles within an individual for each microsatellite loci and mean squared distances (mean d2) between alleles within an individual for 11 microsatellite loci. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between d2 (for each microsatellite loci) and reproductive traits in sows. ANOVA on reproductive traits of sows belonging to different MLH and mean d2 classes was also undertaken. For sows from the Agricultural Private Enterprise “‘Techmet-Yug” were observed negative associations between heterozygosity and reproductive traits. We conclude that care should be taken when crossing between different breeders (English and Hungarian selection) to avoid outbreeding depression.

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