scholarly journals 921 Management of Acute Cholecystitis - the MACHO Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Clarke ◽  

Abstract Background Acute cholecystitis is a common surgical condition. Gold standard treatment is index cholecystectomy, although there are reasons this might not be offered. The aim of this study was to explore treatments and outcomes in patients with acute cholecystitis. Method A multicentre retrospective study was carried out to identify a historic three-month cohort. Patients were identified through clinical coding. Demographics, clinical outcomes, comorbidities, Tokyo grade, and intervention descriptors were collected. Logistic regression was performed to identify characteristics of patients receiving a drain, and to propensity match for clinical outcomes. Results Seven centres reported on 1130 patients. Median age was 62 years, and 145 (12.8%) had grade III cholecystitis. Grade III cholecystitis was present in 19 (25.6%) of those who underwent cholecystostomy, 34 (9.3%) of those who underwent index cholecystectomy, and 92 (13.3%) of those who were conservatively managed. Overall complication rates were higher for those managed with cholecystostomy (36.5%) or conservatively (22.6%) vs index cholecystectomy (7.5%) (p < 0.001). Logistic regression found CCI and grade III cholecystitis were associated with increased rates of any complication. Increased CCI and grade II/III cholecystitis were associated with increased rates of major complications. Conclusions 'Hot' laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems to be offered to mild cases in fit patients. Patients with grade III disease and moderate comorbidities may not have cholecystectomy in a timely manner, leaving them at risk of repeated severe episodes.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Hai Pham ◽  

Abstract Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been considered as main treatment for acute cholecystitis due to gallstones. However, LC is not entirely safe for patients with severe comorbidities, high risk of surgery. In such circumstances, two-stage treatment including percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) first and then LC is an appropriate choice. PTGBD followed by LC or LC after PTGBD might be technically difficult. This article was written to evaluate the feasibility and the safety of PTGBD followed by LC (PTGBD + LC). Materials and Methods: This case series report was conducted on patients who underwent PTGBD + LC in University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from June 2018 to June 2020. We applied TG 2018 criteria for diagnosis and severity grading of cholecystitis in all patients. The comorbidities were evaluted according to Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) classification. Indications for PTGBD were grade II or grade III acute cholecystitis and the presence of a severe comorbidities (CCI > 6 and/or ASA > III). Results: From June 2018 to June 2020, there were 13 cases performed PTGBD + LC. There were 84,6% of grade II cholecystitis cases and 15,4% of grade III cholecystitis cases according to Tokyo guidelines 2018 criteria with comorbidities (30,8% of cases with CCI > 6, 100% of cases with ASA > III). Mean operative time: 126 minutes; one case needed transfusion due to bleeding from gallbladder inflammatory; no conversion to open surgery; morbidity rate was 23,1% (1 bile leakage successfully treated with preservation, 1 surgical site infection, 1 pneumoniae); mean hospital stay was 5,25 days; no mortality was observed in this series. Conclusions: PTGBD followed up by LC is feasible and safe procedure for acute cholecystitis in selected patients.


BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rory Clarke

Abstract Background Acute cholecystitis is a common reason for surgical admission. Gold standard of care includes early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Some patients may receive a cholecystostomy drain in place of this. The use of cholecystostomy in current practice is not well defined. The aim of this study is to describe variation in practice, and outcomes of drainage in acute cholecystitis. Methods A multicentre retrospective observational cohort study was carried out over an interval three month period. Patients were identified through clinical coding. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and intervention descriptors were collected. Logistic regression was performed to identify characteristics of patients receiving a drain, and to propensity match for clinical outcomes. Results Seven centres reported on 1131 patients. Cholecystostomy rate was 6.4%. The median age of patients was 61 (16-97). Median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2 (range 0-13). Drain used was associated with longer length of stay and increased readmission rates. Regression modelling found positive associations between cholecystostomy and C-reactive protein, white cell count, CCI, and acute kidney injury at admission. Propensity matching of cholecystostomy vs index LC found no difference in rates of major complications.Rates of any complication were higher in cholecystostomy vs index LC (37.0% vs 11.3%, p = 0.002). Drains were not associated with any difference in complications when compared to conservative treatment (37.1% vs 21.0%, p = 0.075). Conclusion Cholecystostomy is deployed in a subgroup of unwell patients. It is not clear whether this leads to poor outcomes, or if this is a proxy marker of fitness.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongpeng Liu ◽  
Dawei Zhu ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Jing Jiao ◽  
Baoyun Song ◽  
...  

Background: Immobility complications, including pressure injuries (PIs), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pneumonia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs), affect the clinical outcomes of stroke patients. A standardized nursing intervention model (SNIM) was constructed and implemented to improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes among immobile patients with stroke. Aims: To assess the benefit of SNIM for immobility complication rates, including PIs, DVT, pneumonia, and UTIs, and mortalities in immobile patients with stroke. Methods: A before and after study design was used. Patients were divided into a pre- and post-SNIM training original cohort and matched for socioeconomic, demographic, and disease characteristics using propensity score. We fitted logistic regression models to examine the effect of SNIM, and whether the benefit differed between tertiary and non-tertiary hospitals. Results: In the original cohort, the rate of pneumonia, UTIs, and mortality was lower after SNIM training. Furthermore, in the matched cohort, the difference in PI rates was significant. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the probability of PIs, pneumonia, UTIs, and mortality were significantly reduced after SNIM training in the original cohort and this estimated value changed little in the matched cohort. Our results show that the decreased rates of pneumonia, UTIs, and mortality were mainly among non-tertiary hospitals. Conclusions: A structured and systematic SNIM benefited immobile stroke patients’ clinical outcomes, but mainly in non-tertiary hospitals in China. Standardized nursing training is needed in non-tertiary hospitals.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0010
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Na ◽  
Ik-sun Choi ◽  
Jong-Keun Seon ◽  
Eun-Kyoo Song

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of cartilage regeneration between bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) augmentation and the stem cell-based medicinal product (a composite of culture-expanded allogeneic hUCB-MSCs and hyaluronic acid hydrogel [Cartistem]) in medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis of knee Methods: Out of 81 cases underwent for second look arthroscopy who treated for medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis between 2016 and 2019, 31 cases were kissing lesion which was shown full thickness cartilage defect(over ICRS grade 3B) in medial femoral cartilage and medial tibial cartilage at initial surgery. We retrospectively compared clinical outcomes, including International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Knee Society Score (KSS) pain and function, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score between BMAC group comprising of 25 cases and Cartistem group comprising of 14 cases at minimum of 1 year follow up. Also, cartilage regeneration was graded by International Cartilage Repair Society Cartilage Repair Assessment (ICRS CRA) grading system at secondary arthroscopy. Radiologic measurement including Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angle, posterior tibial slope angle, and correction angle were assessed. Results: At the final follow-up, clinical outcomes were improved. However, there were no statistical significances between two groups in clinical outcome and radiologic outcome(p>0.05). Regarding the findings of second-look arthroscopy, Cartistem group was significantly better than BMAC group in medial femoral cartilage and medial tibial cartilage(p=0.002, 0.000). About medial femoral cartilage, grade I cartilage regeneration was found in 0 case, grade II in 10 cases (40%), grade III in 6 cases (16%), grade IV in 9 cases (36%) in BMAC group and grade I cartilage regeneration was found in 1 case (7.1%), grade II in 11 cases (85.7%), and grade III in 1 case (7.1%) in Cartistem group. About medial tibial cartilage, grade I cartilage regeneration was found in 0 case , grade II in 8 cases (32%), grade III in 4 cases (16%), grade IV in 13 cases (52%) in BMAC group and grade I cartilage regeneration was found in 0 case, grade II in 12 cases (85.7%), and grade III in 1 case(7.1%), grade IV in 1 case (7.1%) in cartistem group. Conclusion: Clinical outcomes were improved regardless of which augmentation was administered. However, microfracture with Cartistem is more effective for cartilage regeneration than microfracture with BMAC in medial unicompartmental OA. Keywords : High tibial osteotomy, Unicompartmental osteoarthritis, Microfracture, Cartilage regeneration, Bone marrow aspirate concentrate, Cartistem.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
I. G. Natroshvili ◽  
M. I. Prudkov

Acute cholecystitis (AC) is one of the most common surgical diagnoses in emergency setting. Despite its high incidence there remains a range of treatment approaches. There is growing evidence in support of performing early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis but the definition of early operation varies from 0 through 10 days from onset or admission. The optimum time to perform cholecystectomy is still controversial. Aim. To determine the best practice for the patients presenting with AC focused on patients characteristics, timing of surgery, disease severity and intra- and postoperative complications. Materials and Methods. A multicentric retrospective study was conducted and included 754 patients operated for acute cholecystitis at 8 hospitals in 4 cities of Russian Federation (Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Volgograd, Kislovodsk) during 1 year period (from Jan 1, 2011 to Dec 31, 2011). Median time from symptoms onset to hospitalization varied from 15 to 72 hours, and median time spent at hospitals before operation was 9-71 hours. Results. We found that optimal time for cholecystectomy is 60 hours from the onset of symptoms in Grade I AC (TG18) and 36 hours for patients with Grade II of the disease. Delay of the operation beyond this time leads to more difficult cholecystectomies and higher complication rates. We compared results of the surgical treatment of AC in 2 groups of patients, operated in median 9 [4; 13] and 50 [29; 88] hours from admission using propensity score matching technique. Rate of Grade I AC in the 1st group was higher (59,8% vs 17,0%, p < 0,001) and incidences of gangrenous cholecystitis (15,3% vs 34,1%, p < 0,001) and difficult cholecystectomies (28,4% vs 41,5%, p=0,003) were lower. The Integral Complications Severity Index (based on Accordion classification and takes into account all intra- and postoperative complications and summarizes their respective severity) was also lower in the 1st group. Conclusions. The optimal time for cholecystectomy for mild (Grade I) acute cholecystitis is 60 hours of presentation of disease and for Grade II - 36 hours from symptoms onset. Cholecystectomy performed after short trial conservative treatment in 6-8 hours from admission yielded the best outcomes.


Author(s):  
А.В. Бойко ◽  
Н.Д. Олтаржевская ◽  
В.И. Швец ◽  
Л.В. Демидова ◽  
Е.А. Дунаева ◽  
...  

Цель исследования. Разработка методов сопроводительной терапии для защиты нормальных органов и тканей, входящих в зону облучения. Методы. В исследование включено 112 больных раком шейки и тела матки после комбинированного или самостоятельного лучевого лечения с 2012 по 2016 гг. У 71 пациентки основной группы в качестве терапии сопровождения применяли гидрогель с деринатом и у 41 больной группы контроля - традиционные методы профилактики (масло оливковое, подсолнечное, метилурациловая мазь). Для профилактики эпителиита слизистой влагалища и шейки матки в основной группе использовали гидрогель в виде аппликаций с первого дня облучения. Для профилактики лучевого ректита гидрогель вводили в прямую кишку 1 раз в день с первого дня облучения. Инстилляции гидрогеля в мочевой пузырь начинали только при развитии первых признаков клинической картины цистита. Пациенткам контрольной группы для профилактики лучевых реакций проводились масляные, мазевые аппликации во влагалище, масляные микроклизмы в прямую кишку с первого дня облучения. Лечение лучевого цистита проводили с помощью растительных диуретиков, уросептиков. Результаты. Применение гидрогеля с деринатом позволило провести курс лучевой терапии без перерыва у 84,5% (60/71) больных, в контрольной группе - лишь у 48,8% (20/41). Лучевые циститы возникали в 2,5 раза реже (25,3% ± 3,3 против 63,4% ± 2,7, р<0,01). Анализ степени выраженности лучевого цистита по RTOG в двух группах показал, что у 75% больных основной группы наблюдалась I степень, у 25% - II степень, III и IV степени не отмечено, тогда как в контрольной группе лучевой цистит I степени развился у 44% пациенток, II - 40% и III - 16% больных. Применение гидрогеля снизило частоту лучевых ректитов в 2 раза (26,7% ± 3,3 против 53,7% ± 3,2 р<0,1).При использовании ежедневных аппликаций гидрогеля с деринатом со стороны слизистой оболочки влагалища и шейки матки преобладали эпителииты I степени (53,5%), II степень наблюдалась у 29,5% и III степень лучевой реакции - лишь в 16,9% случаев, IV степень реакции не отмечена. В контрольной группе эти показатели составили 26,8%, 24,3%, 31,7% и 17,2% соответственно. Разработаны цитологические критерии оценки течения лучевых реакций слизистой влагалища. Выделены три степени изменения цитограммы, которые коррелировали с клинической картиной. В основной группе лучевые изменения I степени зафиксированы в 4,5 раза чаще (52 ± 9,9% против 11,5 ± 6,3%, р<0,002), а III степень представлена в 3,8 раза реже, чем в контрольной группе (12 ± 6,5% против 46,1 ± 9,8%, р<0,003). Заключение. Применение гидрогелевого материала с деринатом в качестве препарата сопроводительной терапии во время курса облучения позволяет уменьшить частоту и степень выраженности лучевых повреждений со стороны слизистой влагалища, мочевого пузыря и прямой кишки, провести курс лучевой терапии без перерыва и улучшить качество жизни пациенток. Objective. Development of methods for accompanying therapy to protect normal organs and tissues in the irradiation zone. Method. The study included 112 patients with cervical and endometrial cancer after combined or independent radiotherapy from 2012 to 2016. In 71 female patients of the main group, Derinat with hydrogel was applied as a supportive therapy and in 41 patients of the control group, conventional prevention methods (olive oil, sunflower oil, methyluracyl ointment) were applied. For prevention of vaginal mucosal and cervical epitheliitis in the main group, hydrogel was used as applications from the first radiation day. For prevention of radiation proctitis, hydrogel was injected into the rectum once daily from the first radiation day. Hydrogel instillations into the bladder were started only with the first clinical signs of cystitis. For prevention of radiation reactions, vaginal oil and ointment and rectal oil micro-enema were administered to patients of the control group from the first day of irradiation. Radiation cystitis was treated with vegetable diuretics and uroseptic drugs. Results. Using the hydrogel with Derinat allowed to administer a course of radiotherapy without interruption in 84.5% (60/71) of patients and only in 48.8% (20/41) in the control group. Radiation cystitis occurred 60% less frequently (25.3% ± 3.3 versus 63.4% ± 2.7, p <0.01). Analysis of radiation cystitis severity in two groups (according to RTOG) showed that 75% of patients in the main group had grade I and 25% had grade II. Grade III and grade IV did not occur. At the same time, in the control group, grade I radiation cystitis developed in 44% of patients, grade II - in 40%, and grade III - in 16% of patients. The hydrogel treatment halved the frequency of radiation proctitis (26.7% ± 3.3 vs. 53.7% ± 3.2 p <0.1). With daily application of the hydrogel with Derinat, grade I epitheliitis (53.5%) predominated in vaginal and cervical mucosa, grade II was observed in 29.5%, and grade III radiation reaction - only in 16.9% of cases; grade IV reaction was not observed. In the control group, these proportions were 26.8%, 24.3%, 31.7%, and 17.2%, respectively. Cytological criteria were developed to evaluate the course of radiation reactions in the vaginal mucosa. Three degrees of change in the cytogram were identified, which correlated with clinical picture. In the main group, incidence of grade I radiation-induced changes was increased by more than 350% (52 ± 9.9% vs. 11.5 ± 6.3%, p <0.002), and incidence of grade III was decreased by more than 70% compared to the control group (12 ± 6.5% vs. 46.1 ± 9.8%, p <0.003). Conclusion. Using the hydrogel material with Derinat as an accompanying therapy during the course of irradiation allows to reduce frequency and severity of radiation injuries of the vaginal mucosa, bladder, and rectum, administer an uninterrupted course of radiotherapy, and improve the quality of life of patients.


2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Whitmore ◽  
Jaroslaw Krejza ◽  
Gurpreet S. Kapoor ◽  
Jason Huse ◽  
John H. Woo ◽  
...  

Object Treatment of patients with oligodendrogliomas relies on histopathological grade and characteristic cytogenetic deletions of 1p and 19q, shown to predict radio- and chemosensitivity and prolonged survival. Perfusion weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows for noninvasive determination of relative tumor blood volume (rTBV) and has been used to predict the grade of astrocytic neoplasms. The aim of this study was to use perfusion weighted MR imaging to predict tumor grade and cytogenetic profile in oligodendroglial neoplasms. Methods Thirty patients with oligodendroglial neoplasms who underwent preoperative perfusion MR imaging were retrospectively identified. Tumors were classified by histopathological grade and stratified into two cytogenetic groups: 1p or 1p and 19q loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (Group 1), and 19q LOH only on intact alleles (Group 2). Tumor blood volume was calculated in relation to contralateral white matter. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop predictive models of cytogenetic profile and tumor grade. Results In World Health Organization Grade II neoplasms, the rTBV was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in Group 1 (mean 2.44, range 0.96–3.28; seven patients) compared with Group 2 (mean 1.69, range 1.27–2.08; seven patients). In Grade III neoplasms, the differences between Group 1 (mean 3.38, range 1.59–6.26; four patients) and Group 2 (mean 2.83, range 1.81–3.76; 12 patients) were not significant. The rTBV was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in Grade III neoplasms (mean 2.97, range 1.59–6.26; 16 patients) compared with Grade II neoplasms (mean 2.07, range 0.96–3.28; 14 patients). The models integrating rTBV with cytogenetic profile and grade showed prediction accuracies of 68 and 73%, respectively. Conclusions Oligodendroglial classification models derived from advanced imaging will improve the accuracy of tumor grading, provide prognostic information, and have potential to influence treatment decisions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552110100
Author(s):  
Shamir O Cawich ◽  
Avidesh H Mahabir ◽  
Sahle Griffith ◽  
Patrick FaSiOen ◽  
Vijay Naraynsingh

Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for acute cholecystitis, many Caribbean surgeons are reluctant to operate during the acute attack. We collected data for all consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis from January 1 to 31 December 2018. Delayed cholecystectomy was done >6 weeks after acute cholecystitis settled. We compared data between early and delayed groups. Delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 54 patients, and 42 had early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Delayed surgery resulted in significantly more complications requiring readmission (39% vs 0), longer operations (2.27 vs 0.94 h) and lengthier post-operative hospitalisation (1.84 vs 1.1 days). Caribbean hospitals should abandon the practice of delayed surgery after cholecystitis has settled. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy would be financially advantageous for our institutions, and it would save patients recurrent attacks of gallstone disease.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110122
Author(s):  
Wenlu Liu ◽  
Huanyi Lin ◽  
Xianshang Zeng ◽  
Meiji Chen ◽  
Weiwei Tang ◽  
...  

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of primary metal-on-metal total hip replacement (MoM-TR) converted to uncemented total hip replacement (UTR) or cemented total hip replacement (CTR) in patients with femoral neck fractures (AO/OTA: 31B/C). Methods Patient data of 234 UTR or CTR revisions after primary MoM-TR failure from March 2007 to January 2018 were retrospectively identified. Clinical outcomes, including the Harris hip score (HHS) and key orthopaedic complications, were collected at 3, 6, and 12 months following conversion and every 12 months thereafter. Results The mean follow-up was 84.12 (67–100) months for UTR and 84.23 (66–101) months for CTR. At the last follow-up, the HHS was better in the CTR- than UTR-treated patients. Noteworthy dissimilarities were correspondingly detected in the key orthopaedic complication rates (16.1% for CTR vs. 47.4% for UTR). Statistically significant differences in specific orthopaedic complications were also detected in the re-revision rate (10.3% for UTR vs. 2.5% for CTR), prosthesis loosening rate (16.3% for UTR vs. 5.9% for CTR), and periprosthetic fracture rate (12.0% for UTR vs. 4.2% for CTR). Conclusion In the setting of revision of failed primary MoM-TR, CTR may demonstrate advantages over UTR in improving functional outcomes and reducing key orthopaedic complications.


Author(s):  
Szabolcs Ábrahám ◽  
Illés Tóth ◽  
Ria Benkő ◽  
Mária Matuz ◽  
Gabriella Kovács ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) plays an important role in the treatment of elderly patients and/or patients in poor health with acute cholecystitis (AC). The primary aim of this study is to determine how these factors influence the clinical outcome of PTGBD. Moreover, we assessed the timing and results of subsequent cholecystectomies. Patients and Methods We retrospectively examined the results of 162 patients undergoing PTGBD between 2010 and 2020 (male–female ratio: 51.23% vs. 48.77%; mean age: 71.43 ± 13.22 years). Patient’s performance status and intervention outcomes were assessed with clinical success rates (CSR) and in-hospital mortality. The conversion rate (CR) of possible urgent or delayed, elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) after PTGBD were analysed. Results PTGBD was the definitive treatment in 42.18% of patients, while it was a bridging therapy prior to cholecystectomy (CCY) for the other patients. CSR was 87.97%, it was only 64.29% in grade III AC. In 9.87% of the cases, urgent LC was necessary after PTGBD, and its conversion rate was approximately equal to that of elective LC (18.18 vs. 17.46%, respectively, p = 0.2217). Overall, the post-PTGBD in-hospital mortality was 11.72%, while the same figure was 0% for grade I AC, 7.41% for grade II and 40.91% for grade III. Based on logistic regression analyses, in-hospital mortality (OR 6.07; CI 1.79–20.56), clinical progression (OR 7.62; CI 2.64–22.05) and the need for emergency CCY (OR 14.75; CI 3.07–70.81) were mostly determined by AC severity grade. Conclusion PTGBD is an easy-to-perform intervention with promising clinical success rates in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. After PTGBD, the level of gallbladder inflammation played a decisive role in the course of AC. In a severe, grade III inflammation, we have to consider low CSR and high mortality.


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