scholarly journals O2 Facilitating engagement in surgical research through a virtual systematic review network: The RoboSurg Collaborative

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor S Jones ◽  
Mo Dada ◽  
Max Dewhurst ◽  
Ffion Dewi ◽  
Samir Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Surgical Research ◽  
Consistency Results ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training ◽  
Collaborative Research Networks ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Abstract Introduction For students and trainees, COVID-19 has restricted opportunities for training and development. We sought to develop a virtual network to facilitate remote engagement and training in surgical research during COVID-19. RoboSurg aims to conduct a series of systematic reviews, to summarise and critique the reporting of studies of robot-assisted surgery across seven upper gastrointestinal procedures. Methods A protocol was developed based on previously published work. Searches were undertaken to identify studies evaluating robotic pancreas, liver, oesophagus, stomach, gallbladder, bariatric and anti-reflux surgery. Participants were identified through social media and collaborative research networks. Abstracts were screened for inclusion by two participants. Data extraction is completed by teams of collaborators, entered into a bespoke REDCap database and verified by senior team member. Changes are logged, with rationale and feedback provided to collaborators and reviewed by a third reviewer to assess consistency. Results of each review will be summarised in narrative syntheses. Results A total of 134 collaborators have registered, with 73 active participants. Collaborators range from second year medical students to surgical registrars across the UK. To date, 9444 abstracts and 1653 full texts have been screened with 422 eligible articles identified. Data extraction for two systematic reviews, including 193 articles, has been completed using this approach. Conclusion RoboSurg has developed a network and methodological framework for the remote conduction of complex systematic reviews, which can be utilised to engage and train students and trainees in surgical research.

Skills and Training for the Older Population

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Loretto ◽  
Chris Phillipson ◽  
Sarah Vickerstaff
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Training Development ◽  
Work Training ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Uk ◽  
To Receive ◽  
And Training

Despite rises in employment rates across many countries, older workers (those aged 50+) are less likely than younger employees to receive workplace training and skills development. Using the UK as its starting focus, this chapter analyses the theoretical and empirical reasons for these gaps. The analysis covers in-work training and development, as well as considering the position of those older people who are unemployed but looking for work. The discussion also embraces the roles of training and education for older workers who may want to delay retirement or retire flexibly, and examines the relationships between training, development and active ageing. Concluding discussions highlight national and international policy initiatives to encourage investment in educating and training for this new work generation.

scholarly journals Education and training to support physiotherapists working in dementia care: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Trish O'Sullivan ◽  
Tony Foley ◽  
Joseph G. McVeigh ◽  
Suzanne Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Data Extraction Tool ◽  
And Training

Background: The care of people with dementia is of global concern. Physiotherapeutic intervention can be of benefit to patients with dementia. Physiotherapists can play a role in assessment, falls prevention, pain management and gait re-education. Dementia care forms a significant part of the workload of a physiotherapist. However, there is a paucity of evidence on what constitutes effective education and training for physiotherapists working in dementia care. Objective: This scoping review aims to explore and map the evidence on education and training for physiotherapists working in dementia care. Inclusion criteria: Studies that explore dementia training and/or education for physiotherapists or for multidisciplinary teams, in which physiotherapists have been included. Studies that explore student physiotherapy training will also be considered. Systematic reviews, qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods studies, case studies and observational studies will be included. Methods: This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched as part of this review include: Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SocINDEX, CINAHL and, PsycINFO, with no limitation on publication date. Google Scholar and Open-Grey will be searched for grey literature, limited to the first 100 searches.  Titles and abstracts will be screened for inclusion and identified full texts reviewed independently by two reviewers. Data will be extracted using a draft data extraction tool based on the JBI data extraction tool. A chronological narrative synthesis of the data will outline how the results relate to the aims and objective of this scoping review.

The Duties of Doctors In Medical Education: A Letter To The Editor (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Barai
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
General Medical Council ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

UNSTRUCTURED The UK General Medical Council (GMC) explicitly states doctors have a duty to ‘contribute to teaching and training…by acting as a positive role model’. However, recent studies suggest some are not fulfilling this, which is impacting medical students' experiences and attitudes during their training. As such, doctors have a duty to act as role models and teachers, as specified by the GMC, which it seems are not currently being fulfilled. This would improve the medical students’ learning experiences and demonstrate good professional values for them to emulate. Therefore, these duties should be as important as patient care, since this will influence future generations.

scholarly journals A mega-aggregation framework synthesis of the barriers and facilitators to linkage, adherence to ART and retention in care among people living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Hendricks ◽  
Ingrid Eshun-Wilson ◽  
Anke Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Change Model ◽  
Qualitative Evidence

Abstract Background People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) struggle with the challenges of living with a chronic disease and integrating antiretroviral treatment (ART) and care into their daily lives. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to undertake the first mega-aggregation of qualitative evidence syntheses using the methods of framework synthesis and (2) make sense of existing qualitative evidence syntheses that explore the barriers and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral treatment, linkage to care and retention in care for PLHIV to identify research gaps. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search and did all screening, data extraction and critical appraisal independently and in duplicate. We used the Kaufman HIV Behaviour Change model (Kaufman et al., 2014) as a framework to synthesise the findings using the mega-aggregative framework synthesis approach, which consists of 8 steps: (1) identify a clearly defined review question and objectives, (2) identify a theoretical framework or model, (3) decide on criteria for considering reviews for inclusion, (4) conduct searching and screening, (5) conduct quality appraisal of the included studies, (6) data extraction and categorisation, (7) present and synthesise the findings, and (8) transparent reporting. We evaluated systematic reviews up to July 2018 and assessed methodological quality, across reviews, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews. Results We included 33 systematic reviews from low, middle- and high-income countries, which reported on 1,111,964 PLHIV. The methodological quality of included reviews varied considerably. We identified 544 unique third-order concepts from the included systematic reviews, which were reclassified into 45 fourth-order themes within the individual, interpersonal, community, institutional and structural levels of the Kaufman HIV Behaviour Change model. We found that the main influencers of linkage, adherence and retention behaviours were psychosocial and personal characteristics—perceptions of ART, desires, fears, experiences of HIV and ART, coping strategies and mental health issues—interwoven with other factors on the interpersonal, community, institutional and structural level. Using this approach, we found interdependence between factors influencing ART linkage, retention and adherence and identified the need for qualitative evidence that explores, in greater depth, the complex relationships between structural factors and adherence, sociodemographic factors such as community violence and retention, and the experiences of growing up with HIV in low- and middle-income countries—specifically in children, youth, women and key populations. Conclusions This is the first mega-aggregation framework synthesis, or synthesis of qualitative evidence syntheses using the methods of framework synthesis at the overview level. We found the novel method to be a transparent and efficient method for assessing the quality and making sense of existing qualitative systematic reviews. Systematic review registration The protocol of this overview was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017078155) on 17 December 2017.

scholarly journals Do we need to improve the reporting of evidence in tendinopathy management? A critical appraisal of systematic reviews with recommendations on strength of evidence assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000920
Author(s):  
Dimitris Challoumas ◽  
Neal L Millar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Strength Of Evidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration

ObjectiveTo critically appraise the quality of published systematic reviews (SRs) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in tendinopathy with regard to handling and reporting of results with special emphasis on strength of evidence assessment.Data sourcesMedline from inception to June 2020.Study eligibilityAll SRs of RCTs assessing the effectiveness of any intervention(s) on any location of tendinopathy.Data extraction and synthesisIncluded SRs were appraised with the use of a 12-item tool devised by the authors arising from the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and other relevant guidance. Subgroup analyses were performed based on impact factor (IF) of publishing journals and date of publication.ResultsA total of 57 SRs were included published in 38 journals between 2006 and 2020. The most commonly used risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment tool and strength of evidence assessment tool were the Cochrane Collaboration RoB tool and the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group tool, respectively. The mean score on the appraisal tool was 46.5% (range 0%–100%). SRs published in higher IF journals (>4.7) were associated with a higher mean score than those in lower IF journals (mean difference 26.4%±8.8%, p=0.004). The mean score of the 10 most recently published SRs was similar to that of the first 10 published SRs (mean difference 8.3%±13.7%, p=0.54). Only 23 SRs (40%) used the results of their RoB assessment in data synthesis and more than half (n=30; 50%) did not assess the strength of evidence of their results. Only 12 SRs (21%) assessed their strength of evidence appropriately.ConclusionsIn light of the poor presentation of evidence identified by our review, we provide recommendations to increase transparency and reproducibility in future SRs.

scholarly journals A semi-supervised approach for rapidly creating clinical biomarker phenotypes in the UK Biobank using different primary care EHR and clinical terminology systems

JAMIA Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiros Denaxas ◽  
Anoop D Shah ◽  
Bilal A Mateen ◽  
Valerie Kuan ◽  
Jennifer K Quint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Objectives The UK Biobank (UKB) is making primary care electronic health records (EHRs) for 500 000 participants available for COVID-19-related research. Data are extracted from four sources, recorded using five clinical terminologies and stored in different schemas. The aims of our research were to: (a) develop a semi-supervised approach for bootstrapping EHR phenotyping algorithms in UKB EHR, and (b) to evaluate our approach by implementing and evaluating phenotypes for 31 common biomarkers. Materials and Methods We describe an algorithmic approach to phenotyping biomarkers in primary care EHR involving (a) bootstrapping definitions using existing phenotypes, (b) excluding generic, rare, or semantically distant terms, (c) forward-mapping terminology terms, (d) expert review, and (e) data extraction. We evaluated the phenotypes by assessing the ability to reproduce known epidemiological associations with all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards models. Results We created and evaluated phenotyping algorithms for 31 biomarkers many of which are directly related to COVID-19 complications, for example diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease. Our algorithm identified 1651 Read v2 and Clinical Terms Version 3 terms and automatically excluded 1228 terms. Clinical review excluded 103 terms and included 44 terms, resulting in 364 terms for data extraction (sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.92). We extracted 38 190 682 events and identified 220 978 participants with at least one biomarker measured. Discussion and conclusion Bootstrapping phenotyping algorithms from similar EHR can potentially address pre-existing methodological concerns that undermine the outputs of biomarker discovery pipelines and provide research-quality phenotyping algorithms.

scholarly journals How Construction Employment Can Create Social Value and Assist Recovery from COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
George Denny-Smith ◽  
Riza Yosia Sunindijo ◽  
Martin Loosemore ◽  
Megan Williams ◽  
Leanne Piggott
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Unemployed Youth ◽  
Sustainable Recovery ◽  
And Training

COVID-19 has created or amplified economic and social crises internationally. Australia entered its first recession in 30 years and saw a significant rise in unemployment. In response, Australian governments have increased their commitments to infrastructure construction to stimulate the national economy and combined this with new social procurement policies that aim to create social value for targeted populations like Indigenous peoples and unemployed youth. However, emerging social procurement research in construction shows a disconnect between policymakers and the practitioners who must implement them. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical insights on creating social value in the context of construction employment created by new social procurement policies. Reporting a survey of 107 construction workers in Australia, it is shown that social procurement policies and construction employers can create social value when they provide work benefits like adequate pay and training and development and cultural benefits like inclusive workplaces. Recommendations are made to demonstrate how the results presented in this article can be used by contractors to create social value. This research is significant for advising how increased infrastructure spending commitments in Australia can create social and economic outcomes for workers, ensuring a sustainable recovery from COVID-19 crises.

Evolution of the deployed medical director role in an era of contingency operations: reflections from a United Nations operation

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001690
Author(s):  
Giles Nordmann ◽  
J Ralph ◽  
J E Smith
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Medical Director ◽  
Corporate Memory ◽  
Individual Memory ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Training

This paper examines the development and evolution of the deployed medical director (DMD) role and argues for the re-establishment of a formal selection process and training pathway. Recent deployments into new areas of operations, deployment of smaller medical treatment facilities (MTFs), the reduced numbers of deployments for clinicians, working with various multinational partners and both military and civilian organisations all pose specific problems for DMDs. The initial and then continued deployment of a secondary care role 2 MTF as part of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan illustrated some of these challenges. Although a novel operation, the broad categories of these new challenges were similar to the historical challenges facing the first DMDs in Afghanistan. Corporate memory loss may be unavoidable to some degree due to rapid turnover in appointments, particularly in single service and joint headquarters. However, individual memory and experience remains extant within the military medical deployable workforce. After the cessation of UK military deployed hospital care involvement in Afghanistan, the UK DMD formal training pathway ended. This paper argues for the re-establishment of a more formal DMD selection process and training pathway to ensure that organisational learning is optimised.

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