scholarly journals Development of a Screening Tool to Estimate Vitamin A Intake and Comparison with Detailed Dietary Assessment Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Reina Engle-Stone ◽  
Jody Miller ◽  
Ame Stormer ◽  
Dolly Reario ◽  
Mario Capanzana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Filipino Children ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Weighed Record

Abstract Objectives We aimed to develop and validate a tool to estimate vitamin A (VA) intake and identify children at risk of intake above the tolerable upper intake level (UL). Methods We developed, pilot-tested, and refined a screening tool to estimate VA intake among Filipino children 12–18 mo of age. Data were entered into tablets with pre-loaded food composition data to calculate VA intake immediately. The screening tool was used to identify children likely to have “adequate” (one group: 200–500 µg retinol activity equivalents, RAE/d) or “high” (two groups: >600 µg retinol/d) intake. Interviewers administered four 24-h recalls, one 12-h observed weighed record with 12-h recall, and a 30-d supplement questionnaire. Breastmilk intake and VA concentration were measured among breastfeeding children. We compared the screening tool and detailed dietary assessment (DDA) results for primary VA sources, group mean usual intake, and prevalence of intakes above the UL. Results Major VA sources were similar between methods: fortified milk powders, multivitamin supplements, and breastmilk; contributions from intervention programs (e.g., micronutrient powders, fortified staple foods) were low. Mean usual retinol intakes for the high groups (n = 47 and 39, respectively) were 1218 and 1313 µg/d by screening tool vs. 1096 and 931 by DDA; 70 and 77% had usual intake above 600 µg/d. In the adequate group (n = 37), mean total VA intake was 375 and 559 µg RAE/d by screening and DDA, respectively. Conclusions This screening tool provides a reasonably good rapid estimate of VA intake among Filipino children and can be useful for identifying groups with adequate to excessive intakes. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Household Food-Related Assessment Using an Innovative Passive Dietary Assessment Device in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1157-1157
Author(s):  
Alex Anderson ◽  
Megan McCrory ◽  
Matilda Steiner-Asiedu ◽  
Richard Ansong ◽  
Clara Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Gates Foundation

Abstract Objectives Traditional dietary assessment methods in low-middle income countries (LMICs) have considerable limitations. the objective of this study was to test the feasibility of using the Automatic Ingestion Monitor (AIM), an eyeglasses-mounted wearable chewing sensor and micro-camera, to monitor food acquisition, preparation and consumption of households in a LMIC setting. Methods Data from households in Mampong-Akuapem (n = 5), a semi-rural community, and Kweiman (n = 7), a peri-urban community, in the Eastern and Greater Accra Regions of Ghana, respectively, were evaluated. The AIM was used to monitor household activities for one day. Within each household, the primary caregiver (mother) wore the AIM during waking hours on the chosen day as she went about her daily activities, except any activities where she wanted to preserve privacy. Mothers also responded to a socio-demographic questionnaire and evaluated their perceived burden of wearing the AIM. Images captured by the AIM were processed and annotated in custom-designed software. Time spent in major household related activities around food are described. Results Households had 1.9 ± 0.3 adults and 2.8 ± 1.6 children (mean ± SD). Primary caregivers were 30.5 ± 5.2 years of age, all were married (1 separated), and had a median of 9 years of formal education. Two mothers were breastfeeding at data collection, but only 1 household had an infant <1 year. Total AIM wear time was 8 h, 19 min ± 2 h, 11 min, representing 58% of waking hours. All members of each household consumed the same prepared meals, and all meals were captured by the AIM. Among mothers, time spent cooking varied widely (2 h, 19 min ± 1 h, 42 min), ranging from 0.5 to 6 h. Time spent eating and drinking was 41 ± 15 min. Most of the mothers (n = 10) spent time feeding children (17 ± 23 min, including breastfeeding), with 6 mothers feeding younger children (11 ± 10 min), 5 feeding older children (7 ± 4 min), and 2 breastfeeding (53 ± 25 min). The AIM was generally accepted by the primary caregivers and household members although they would prefer a smaller size version. Conclusions In this pilot study, the AIM successfully captured household food related activities and practices that are associated with dietary intake and nutritional health in LMIC. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Dietary assessment methods in epidemiological research: current state of the art and future prospects

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Androniki Naska ◽  
Areti Lagiou ◽  
Pagona Lagiou
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods

Self-reported dietary intake is assessed by methods of real-time recording (food diaries and the duplicate portion method) and methods of recall (dietary histories, food frequency questionnaires, and 24-hour dietary recalls). Being less labor intensive, recall methods are more frequently employed in nutritional epidemiological investigations. However, sources of error, which include the participants’ inability to fully and accurately recall their intakes as well as limitations inherent in the food composition databases applied to convert the reported food consumption to energy and nutrient intakes, may limit the validity of the generated information. The use of dietary biomarkers is often recommended to overcome such errors and better capture intra-individual variability in intake; nevertheless, it has its own challenges. To address measurement error associated with dietary questionnaires, large epidemiological investigations often integrate sub-studies for the validation and calibration of the questionnaires and/or administer a combination of different assessment methods (e.g. administration of different questionnaires and assessment of biomarker levels). Recent advances in the omics field could enrich the list of reliable nutrition biomarkers, whereas new approaches employing web-based and smart phone applications could reduce respondent burden and, possibly, reporting bias. Novel technologies are increasingly integrated with traditional methods, but some sources of error still remain. In the analyses, food and nutrient intakes always need to be adjusted for total daily energy intake to account for errors related to reporting.

scholarly journals Methods and Outcomes of an Assessment of Foods Available to the Nigerian Population That Are Compliant with the Mandatory National Vitamin A Fortification Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 849-849
Author(s):  
Svenja Jungjohann ◽  
Ekene Onyeagba ◽  
Adeyemi Opeoluwa ◽  
Charles Nwachukwu ◽  
Michael Ojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Epidemiologic Risk ◽  
Packaged Food

Abstract Objectives The fortification program in the Nigeria can only be effective if the food brands consumed by most of the population comply with the vitamin A fortification standards. We conducted two market assessments designed to, (1) quantify the fortification quality (extent to which levels of fortification align with food standards) of key food brands, (2) establish the degree of food brand penetration into Nigerian markets, and (3) estimate the market share weighted availability of fortified oil, margarine, & sugar in Nigeria. Methods We visited 3500 retail outlets across zones in Nigeria to ascertain oil, margarine & sugar availability and volumes sold. In parallel, government regulators collected 10 samples from different batches of the main packaged food brands across 20 market hubs. The vitamin A content was quantified using HPLC, the average content by brand computed, and compared to the national fortification standards considering labs’ measurement uncertainties. The brand level results were weighted using the availability and market volume data to estimate fortified food coverage in the country and the proportion of the fortified food volume. Results We found 98% of margarine, 86% of oil and 85% of sugar available in Nigeria to be fortified with vitamin A. In comparison, 96%, 71% and 87% of all brands analyzed, respectively were fortified. The main 3 margarine brands (of 56) make up 90% of the margarine market and are fortified according to standard (min. 7.5 mg/kg). The main 3 oil brands (of 145) represent 75% of the oil market and are also fortified to standard (min. 6 mg/kg). The main 3 sugar brands (of 39) making up 70% of the sugar market are fortified but below the standard minimum (7.8 mg/kg). The main 3 main brands are available across all 6 geographic zones, except for the second and third sugar brands that are available in 4–5 zones. Conclusions Focus on fortification quality improvements should be directed mainly to sugar fortification. Data on brand availability and penetration permits (a) focused performance monitoring towards brands and producers reaching most consumers and geographic areas at greatest need, (b) extrapolation of brand fortification quality to estimate epidemiologic risk and benefit in the population that can be linked to one food or across multiple food vehicles providing the same micronutrients. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Vitamin A (VA) Total Body Stores (TBS) Using Dried Derum Spots (DSS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 861-861
Author(s):  
Georg Lietz ◽  
Anthony Oxley ◽  
Reina Engle-Stone ◽  
Jody Miller ◽  
Dolly Reario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Filipino Children ◽  
Gates Foundation

Abstract Objectives The retinol isotope dilution method has been successfully applied to assess the efficacy of VA interventions in low and middle-income countries. However, the current method is limited in its applicability because it relies on keeping serum samples in the cold chain. To overcome that limitation, we assessed the feasibility of using DSS for assessing TBS in Filipino children 12–18 months of age. Methods Serum (40 µL) from Filipino children, who had received an oral dose of [,13C10]-retinyl acetate was spotted and dried on Whatman 903 cards then stored at −20°C before shipment at room temperature; aliquots of liquid serum were kept frozen at −80°C until analysis. DSS and liquid serum were extracted by established methods and then analysed by LC-MS/MS to quantify the [,13C]/[,12C] retinol ratio and TBS. Results Mean ± SD TBS of 57 Filipino infants aged 12–18 mo were 507.6 ± 185.8 µmol and 495.5 ± 170.1 µmol from either serum or DSS samples, respectively. Comparison of methods using Bland-Altman analysis indicated agreement between both methods with an intra-individual mean difference for TBS of 22.1 µmol (4.5%). Conclusions TBS can be determined using serum spot samples in field settings, thus reducing the costs and limitations of shipping serum samples on dry ice and reducing the need for −80C storage in field stations. Funding Sources Medical Research Council UK; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Usual intake modelling is essential in assessing nutritional adequacy in populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Tapanainen ◽  
Niina Kaartinen ◽  
Satu Männistö ◽  
Liisa Valsta
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Tail Probabilities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Usual Intake

AbstractUsing short-term assessment methods to study diet provide too wide population intake distributions leading to overestimation of tail probabilities. Usual intake modelling reduces the variation in the distribution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of bias in proportions of population under average requirement (AR) or recommended intake (RI) using the mean intake of two days compared to usual intake distribution. The FinDiet 2017 Survey was carried out in a nationally representative sample from the population register including adults aged 18–74 years. The data included two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls from 1 655 participants (response rate 53%). Weighing factors were used to correct for non-participation bias. Usual intake was estimated using statistical program SPADE (RIVM, The Netherlands). The proportions of the population below AR or RI (when AR is not available) according to NNR 2012 were evaluated using two days mean intake and the usual intake distribution. These were further compared to evaluate the bias in two days mean intake. The bias associated with two days mean intakes was substantial in some of the nutrients. For example, for vitamin C and D intakes the difference between the proportions using two days mean and usual intake was over 10 percentage points. For vitamin C intake from food the proportions below AR (60 mg/day for men, 50 mg/day for women) were 38% for men and 20% for women using two days mean but 13 percentage points smaller for both sexes based on usual intake. The proportions below AR (7.5 μg/day) for vitamin D from food were 25% for men and 40% for women using two days mean and 14% for men and 30% for women using usual intake. When taking the intake from supplements into account, the proportions for vitamin D intake were 16% for men and 21 % for women based on two days mean but only 7% for both sexes using usual intake. For calcium intake from food the proportion below AR (500 mg/day) was small (7% for men and 8% for women) using two days mean but more than 50% smaller using usual intake (3% for both sexes). Using two days mean intake to estimate nutritional adequacy can lead to considerable biased results due to extraneous day-to-day variation in the intake distribution. Therefore, usual intake modelling should always be applied to intakes derived from short-term dietary assessment methods when evaluating nutritional adequacy.

scholarly journals Adherence of Malaysian Adults’ Energy and Macronutrient Intakes to National Recommendations: A Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Shahar ◽  
Hamid Jan Bin Jan Mohamed ◽  
Francisco de los Reyes ◽  
Maria Amarra
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Food Composition Data ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates

The present study examined the best available evidence regarding energy and macronutrient intake during adulthood (age 19 to 59 years) in Malaysia and assessed whether intakes adhere to national recommendations, in order to develop recommendations for dietary improvement based on population consumption patterns. A literature review and meta-analysis evaluated intake based on the following characteristics, using information from food balance sheets, national surveys, and individual studies: (1) levels of intake, (2) proportion of the population whose diets adhere to/exceed/fail to meet Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) levels, and (3) sources of macronutrients observed in these studies. Food balance data suggested high levels of available energy, animal source protein, vegetable fat, and refined carbohydrates. Twenty studies (five nationwide, 15 individual) indicated that Malaysian adults generally met or exceeded recommendations for fat and protein, but were inconsistent with respect to energy and carbohydrates. Information on dietary sources was limited. Due to methodological limitations, insufficient evidence exists regarding energy and macronutrient intakes of Malaysian adults. Improved dietary assessment methods (including use of biomarkers), better data analysis, and updated food composition data, will provide more reliable information on which to base policy decisions and recommendations for improvement.

scholarly journals Measuring flavonoid intake: need for advanced tools

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6a) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
Julia J Peterson
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods

AbstractObjective:Flavonoids are phytochemicals with potentially beneficial biological effects that are poorly characterised in existing tables of food composition.Design:To describe new techniques for analysis, absorption, informatics and dietary assessment that are important in measuring the flavonoid content in foods and in developing a flavonoid food composition database.Setting:Data on chemical analyses of the major flavonoid compounds that exist in the food science literature are being located, collated and compiled into a preliminary flavonoid food composition database.Results:The analytical process begins with preparation of the food for flavonoid analysis using techniques to disrupt the food matrix, alcoholic extraction, and enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis to remove sugars. Separation is usually accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography. Flavonoids are identified by diode array spectrometry, mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantification usually employs comparison of the sample with standards, if available, using the area under the curve of the chromatogram to estimate quantity. Absorption studies are useful since flavonoids vary in their absorption. Finally, information management technologies (informatics) are used to translate flavonoid data information into food composition databases. This process involves identification of foods containing the compounds of interest, collection and organisation of sources of existing analytical data, assignment of quality scores or aggregation of acceptable data for each component and food, calculation of appropriate statistics, assignment of food codes and verification, and finalisation. The resulting food flavonoid database can be used with state-of-the-art dietary assessment methods to develop estimates of flavonoid intakes in foods and to correlate these with estimates of disease risk.Conclusions:A provisional flavonoid database, including at least two components from each of six classes of flavonoids, should be completed in 2002.

scholarly journals A new food-composition database for 437 polyphenols in 19,899 raw and prepared foods used to estimate polyphenol intakes in adults from 10 European countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Knaze ◽  
Joseph A Rothwell ◽  
Raul Zamora-Ros ◽  
Aurelie Moskal ◽  
Cecilie Kyrø ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
International Study ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Descriptor System ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Specific Retention ◽  
Daily Intakes

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of polyphenol intakes is needed in epidemiologic research in order to study their health effects, and this can be particularly challenging in international study settings. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work is to describe the procedures to prepare a comprehensive polyphenol food-composition database that was used to calculate standardized polyphenol intakes from 24-h diet recalls (24HDRs) and dietary questionnaires (DQs) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design With the use of the comparable food classification and facet-descriptor system of the computerized 24HDR program EPIC-Soft (renamed GloboDiet), foods reported in the 24HDR (n = 74,626) were first aggregated following a stepwise process. Multi-ingredient and generic foods were broken down into ingredients or more-specific foods with consideration of regional consumption habits before matching to foods in the Phenol-Explorer database. Food-composition data were adjusted by using selected retention factors curated in Phenol-Explorer. DQ foods (n = 13,946) were matched to a generated EPIC 24HDR polyphenol-composition database before calculation of daily intakes from the 24HDR and DQ. RESULTS Food matching yielded 2.0% and 2.7% of foods with missing polyphenol content in the 24HDR and DQ food data sets, respectively. Process-specific retention factors for 42 different polyphenol compounds were applied to adjust the polyphenol content in 35 prioritized Phenol-Explorer foods, thereby adjusting the polyphenol content in 70% of all of the prepared 24 food occurrences. A detailed food-composition database was finally generated for 437 polyphenols in 19,899 aggregated raw and prepared foods reported by 10 EPIC countries in the 24HDR. Conclusions An efficient procedure was developed to build the most-comprehensive food-composition database for polyphenols, thereby standardizing the calculations of dietary polyphenol intakes obtained from different dietary assessment methods and European populations. The whole database is accessible online. This procedure could equally be used for other food constituents and in other cohorts.

scholarly journals Assessment of dietary nitrate intake in humans: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar M Babateen ◽  
Gianfranco Fornelli ◽  
Lorenzo M Donini ◽  
John C Mathers ◽  
Mario Siervo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Nitrate Intake

Abstract Background The nitrate content of foods and water is highly variable, which has implications for the compilation of food-composition databases and assessment of dietary nitrate intake. Objective A systematic review was conducted to ascertain the dietary assessment methods used and to provide estimates of daily nitrate intake in humans. Design Relevant articles were identified by a systematic search of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) from inception until February 2018. Observational studies conducted in adult populations and reporting information on dietary assessment methods and daily nitrate intake were included. Ecological analyses were conducted to explore the association of nitrate intake with indexes of economic development [Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and KOF Index of Globalization]. Results A total of 55 articles were included. Forty-two studies investigated associations between nitrate intake and disease risk; 36 (87%) of these studies examined the association between nitrate intake and cancer risk, whereas only 6 studies explored the association of nitrate intake with the risk of diabetes, glaucoma, kidney failure, hypertension, and atherosclerotic vascular disease. The majority of studies used food-frequency questionnaires to assess nitrate intake (n = 43). The median daily nitrate intakes in healthy and patient populations were 108 and 110 mg/d, respectively. We found a significant inverse correlation of nitrate intake with GDP (r = −0.46, P < 0.001) and KOF index (r = −0.31, P = 0.002). Conclusions The median estimated daily nitrate intakes by healthy and patient populations were similar, and these values were below the safe upper intake of daily intake (3.7 mg nitrate ion/kg body weight). However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the application of food-composition tables, which may have implications for the accuracy of estimated daily nitrate intake. The association between nitrate intake and risk of cardiometabolic diseases needs further investigation. The protocol for this systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO database (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; CRD number: 42017060354).

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