scholarly journals Measuring flavonoid intake: need for advanced tools

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6a) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
Julia J Peterson
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods

AbstractObjective:Flavonoids are phytochemicals with potentially beneficial biological effects that are poorly characterised in existing tables of food composition.Design:To describe new techniques for analysis, absorption, informatics and dietary assessment that are important in measuring the flavonoid content in foods and in developing a flavonoid food composition database.Setting:Data on chemical analyses of the major flavonoid compounds that exist in the food science literature are being located, collated and compiled into a preliminary flavonoid food composition database.Results:The analytical process begins with preparation of the food for flavonoid analysis using techniques to disrupt the food matrix, alcoholic extraction, and enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis to remove sugars. Separation is usually accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography. Flavonoids are identified by diode array spectrometry, mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantification usually employs comparison of the sample with standards, if available, using the area under the curve of the chromatogram to estimate quantity. Absorption studies are useful since flavonoids vary in their absorption. Finally, information management technologies (informatics) are used to translate flavonoid data information into food composition databases. This process involves identification of foods containing the compounds of interest, collection and organisation of sources of existing analytical data, assignment of quality scores or aggregation of acceptable data for each component and food, calculation of appropriate statistics, assignment of food codes and verification, and finalisation. The resulting food flavonoid database can be used with state-of-the-art dietary assessment methods to develop estimates of flavonoid intakes in foods and to correlate these with estimates of disease risk.Conclusions:A provisional flavonoid database, including at least two components from each of six classes of flavonoids, should be completed in 2002.

scholarly journals Assessment of dietary nitrate intake in humans: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar M Babateen ◽  
Gianfranco Fornelli ◽  
Lorenzo M Donini ◽  
John C Mathers ◽  
Mario Siervo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Nitrate Intake

Abstract Background The nitrate content of foods and water is highly variable, which has implications for the compilation of food-composition databases and assessment of dietary nitrate intake. Objective A systematic review was conducted to ascertain the dietary assessment methods used and to provide estimates of daily nitrate intake in humans. Design Relevant articles were identified by a systematic search of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) from inception until February 2018. Observational studies conducted in adult populations and reporting information on dietary assessment methods and daily nitrate intake were included. Ecological analyses were conducted to explore the association of nitrate intake with indexes of economic development [Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and KOF Index of Globalization]. Results A total of 55 articles were included. Forty-two studies investigated associations between nitrate intake and disease risk; 36 (87%) of these studies examined the association between nitrate intake and cancer risk, whereas only 6 studies explored the association of nitrate intake with the risk of diabetes, glaucoma, kidney failure, hypertension, and atherosclerotic vascular disease. The majority of studies used food-frequency questionnaires to assess nitrate intake (n = 43). The median daily nitrate intakes in healthy and patient populations were 108 and 110 mg/d, respectively. We found a significant inverse correlation of nitrate intake with GDP (r = −0.46, P < 0.001) and KOF index (r = −0.31, P = 0.002). Conclusions The median estimated daily nitrate intakes by healthy and patient populations were similar, and these values were below the safe upper intake of daily intake (3.7 mg nitrate ion/kg body weight). However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the application of food-composition tables, which may have implications for the accuracy of estimated daily nitrate intake. The association between nitrate intake and risk of cardiometabolic diseases needs further investigation. The protocol for this systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO database (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; CRD number: 42017060354).

scholarly journals Dietary assessment methods in epidemiological research: current state of the art and future prospects

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Androniki Naska ◽  
Areti Lagiou ◽  
Pagona Lagiou
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods

Self-reported dietary intake is assessed by methods of real-time recording (food diaries and the duplicate portion method) and methods of recall (dietary histories, food frequency questionnaires, and 24-hour dietary recalls). Being less labor intensive, recall methods are more frequently employed in nutritional epidemiological investigations. However, sources of error, which include the participants’ inability to fully and accurately recall their intakes as well as limitations inherent in the food composition databases applied to convert the reported food consumption to energy and nutrient intakes, may limit the validity of the generated information. The use of dietary biomarkers is often recommended to overcome such errors and better capture intra-individual variability in intake; nevertheless, it has its own challenges. To address measurement error associated with dietary questionnaires, large epidemiological investigations often integrate sub-studies for the validation and calibration of the questionnaires and/or administer a combination of different assessment methods (e.g. administration of different questionnaires and assessment of biomarker levels). Recent advances in the omics field could enrich the list of reliable nutrition biomarkers, whereas new approaches employing web-based and smart phone applications could reduce respondent burden and, possibly, reporting bias. Novel technologies are increasingly integrated with traditional methods, but some sources of error still remain. In the analyses, food and nutrient intakes always need to be adjusted for total daily energy intake to account for errors related to reporting.

Short-term changes in added sugar consumption by adolescents reflected in the carbon isotope ratio of fingerstick blood

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah V Liu ◽  
Lori B Moore ◽  
Tanya M Halliday ◽  
A Hope Jahren ◽  
Jyoti Savla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods

Background: Consumption of added sugars (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may adversely affect adolescents’ weight and cardiovascular disease risk. Reliance on self-reported dietary assessment methods is a common research limitation, which could be overcome by dietary intake biomarkers. Aim: The investigation was a proof-of-concept study to evaluate the proposed carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) biomarker of AS intake in adolescents, using a controlled feeding design. Methods: Participants ( n = 33, age 15.3 years, 53% female) underwent two seven-day controlled feeding periods in a randomly assigned order. Diets were matched in composition except for AS content (5% or 25% of total energy). Fasting fingerstick blood samples were collected daily during each diet period. Results: Fingerstick δ13C values changed from day 1 to 8 by –0.05 ± 0.071‰ on 5% AS, and +0.03 ± 0.083‰ on 25% AS ( p ≤ 0.001). Reliability was demonstrated between day 7 and 8 δ13C values on the 5% (ICC = 0.996 , p ≤ 0.001) and 25% (ICC = 0.997, p ≤ 0.001) AS diets. Conclusions: Larger scale investigations are warranted to determine if this technique could be applied to population-level research in order to help assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the consumption of AS or SSB intake.

scholarly journals Development of a Screening Tool to Estimate Vitamin A Intake and Comparison with Detailed Dietary Assessment Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Reina Engle-Stone ◽  
Jody Miller ◽  
Ame Stormer ◽  
Dolly Reario ◽  
Mario Capanzana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Filipino Children ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Weighed Record

Abstract Objectives We aimed to develop and validate a tool to estimate vitamin A (VA) intake and identify children at risk of intake above the tolerable upper intake level (UL). Methods We developed, pilot-tested, and refined a screening tool to estimate VA intake among Filipino children 12–18 mo of age. Data were entered into tablets with pre-loaded food composition data to calculate VA intake immediately. The screening tool was used to identify children likely to have “adequate” (one group: 200–500 µg retinol activity equivalents, RAE/d) or “high” (two groups: &gt;600 µg retinol/d) intake. Interviewers administered four 24-h recalls, one 12-h observed weighed record with 12-h recall, and a 30-d supplement questionnaire. Breastmilk intake and VA concentration were measured among breastfeeding children. We compared the screening tool and detailed dietary assessment (DDA) results for primary VA sources, group mean usual intake, and prevalence of intakes above the UL. Results Major VA sources were similar between methods: fortified milk powders, multivitamin supplements, and breastmilk; contributions from intervention programs (e.g., micronutrient powders, fortified staple foods) were low. Mean usual retinol intakes for the high groups (n = 47 and 39, respectively) were 1218 and 1313 µg/d by screening tool vs. 1096 and 931 by DDA; 70 and 77% had usual intake above 600 µg/d. In the adequate group (n = 37), mean total VA intake was 375 and 559 µg RAE/d by screening and DDA, respectively. Conclusions This screening tool provides a reasonably good rapid estimate of VA intake among Filipino children and can be useful for identifying groups with adequate to excessive intakes. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Adherence of Malaysian Adults’ Energy and Macronutrient Intakes to National Recommendations: A Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Shahar ◽  
Hamid Jan Bin Jan Mohamed ◽  
Francisco de los Reyes ◽  
Maria Amarra
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Food Composition Data ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates

The present study examined the best available evidence regarding energy and macronutrient intake during adulthood (age 19 to 59 years) in Malaysia and assessed whether intakes adhere to national recommendations, in order to develop recommendations for dietary improvement based on population consumption patterns. A literature review and meta-analysis evaluated intake based on the following characteristics, using information from food balance sheets, national surveys, and individual studies: (1) levels of intake, (2) proportion of the population whose diets adhere to/exceed/fail to meet Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) levels, and (3) sources of macronutrients observed in these studies. Food balance data suggested high levels of available energy, animal source protein, vegetable fat, and refined carbohydrates. Twenty studies (five nationwide, 15 individual) indicated that Malaysian adults generally met or exceeded recommendations for fat and protein, but were inconsistent with respect to energy and carbohydrates. Information on dietary sources was limited. Due to methodological limitations, insufficient evidence exists regarding energy and macronutrient intakes of Malaysian adults. Improved dietary assessment methods (including use of biomarkers), better data analysis, and updated food composition data, will provide more reliable information on which to base policy decisions and recommendations for improvement.

scholarly journals A new food-composition database for 437 polyphenols in 19,899 raw and prepared foods used to estimate polyphenol intakes in adults from 10 European countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Knaze ◽  
Joseph A Rothwell ◽  
Raul Zamora-Ros ◽  
Aurelie Moskal ◽  
Cecilie Kyrø ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
International Study ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Descriptor System ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Specific Retention ◽  
Daily Intakes

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of polyphenol intakes is needed in epidemiologic research in order to study their health effects, and this can be particularly challenging in international study settings. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work is to describe the procedures to prepare a comprehensive polyphenol food-composition database that was used to calculate standardized polyphenol intakes from 24-h diet recalls (24HDRs) and dietary questionnaires (DQs) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design With the use of the comparable food classification and facet-descriptor system of the computerized 24HDR program EPIC-Soft (renamed GloboDiet), foods reported in the 24HDR (n = 74,626) were first aggregated following a stepwise process. Multi-ingredient and generic foods were broken down into ingredients or more-specific foods with consideration of regional consumption habits before matching to foods in the Phenol-Explorer database. Food-composition data were adjusted by using selected retention factors curated in Phenol-Explorer. DQ foods (n = 13,946) were matched to a generated EPIC 24HDR polyphenol-composition database before calculation of daily intakes from the 24HDR and DQ. RESULTS Food matching yielded 2.0% and 2.7% of foods with missing polyphenol content in the 24HDR and DQ food data sets, respectively. Process-specific retention factors for 42 different polyphenol compounds were applied to adjust the polyphenol content in 35 prioritized Phenol-Explorer foods, thereby adjusting the polyphenol content in 70% of all of the prepared 24 food occurrences. A detailed food-composition database was finally generated for 437 polyphenols in 19,899 aggregated raw and prepared foods reported by 10 EPIC countries in the 24HDR. Conclusions An efficient procedure was developed to build the most-comprehensive food-composition database for polyphenols, thereby standardizing the calculations of dietary polyphenol intakes obtained from different dietary assessment methods and European populations. The whole database is accessible online. This procedure could equally be used for other food constituents and in other cohorts.

Isolation and Characterization of a Dibenzofuran-Degrading Yeast: Identification of Oxidation and Ring Cleavage Products

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2215-2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Hammer ◽  
Dirk Krowas ◽  
Annett Schäfer ◽  
Michael Specht ◽  
Wittko Francke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Yeast Identification ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Incubation Experiments

ABSTRACT We characterized the ability of a yeast to cleave the aromatic structure of the dioxin-like compound dibenzofuran. The yeast strain was isolated from a dioxin-contaminated soil sample and identified asTrichosporon mucoides. During incubation of glucose-pregrown cells with dibenzofuran, six major metabolites were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The formation of four different monohydroxylated dibenzofurans was proven by comparison of analytical data (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) with that for authentic standards. Further oxidation produced 2,3-dihydroxydibenzofuran and its ring cleavage product 2-(1-carboxy methylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furanylidene glycolic acid, which were characterized by mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These two metabolites are derived from 2-hydroxydibenzofuran and 3-hydroxydibenzofuran, as shown by incubation experiments using these monohydroxylated dibenzofurans as substrates.

scholarly journals Combining traditional dietary assessment methods with novel metabolomics techniques: present efforts by the Food Biomarker Alliance

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma ◽  
Lorraine Brennan ◽  
Christian A. Drevon ◽  
Henk van Kranen ◽  
Claudine Manach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods

FFQ, food diaries and 24 h recall methods represent the most commonly used dietary assessment tools in human studies on nutrition and health, but food intake biomarkers are assumed to provide a more objective reflection of intake. Unfortunately, very few of these biomarkers are sufficiently validated. This review provides an overview of food intake biomarker research and highlights present research efforts of the Joint Programming Initiative ‘A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life’ (JPI-HDHL) Food Biomarkers Alliance (FoodBAll). In order to identify novel food intake biomarkers, the focus is on new food metabolomics techniques that allow the quantification of up to thousands of metabolites simultaneously, which may be applied in intervention and observational studies. As biomarkers are often influenced by various other factors than the food under investigation, FoodBAll developed a food intake biomarker quality and validity score aiming to assist the systematic evaluation of novel biomarkers. Moreover, to evaluate the applicability of nutritional biomarkers, studies are presently also focusing on associations between food intake biomarkers and diet-related disease risk. In order to be successful in these metabolomics studies, knowledge about available electronic metabolomics resources is necessary and further developments of these resources are essential. Ultimately, present efforts in this research area aim to advance quality control of traditional dietary assessment methods, advance compliance evaluation in nutritional intervention studies, and increase the significance of observational studies by investigating associations between nutrition and health.

scholarly journals Biomarkers and the measurement of fatty acids

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6a) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore Arab ◽  
Jabar Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjective:To review the various biomarkers of dietary intakes of fatty acids in human populations, their measurement, limitations and analytical considerations.Design:Review of the literature.Results:Although there is no good biomarker of intake of total fat, a number of alternatives exist for assessing the intakes of exogenously produced fatty acids that are consumed. Adipose tissue, erythrocyte membrane concentrations and serum or plasma levels can reflect prior intakes over the past few hours to the past few years. The concentrations of individual fatty acids in these media generally reflect relative levels, and are influenced by a number of factors. Although relatively expensive to analyse, a single analysis by gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography provides information on multiple fatty acids, and is superior to attempting to measure specific fatty acids using traditional dietary assessment methods.Conclusions:Biomarkers of fatty acids that reflect long-term intake are available for nutritional epidemiology purposes. Analytical methods have become very accurate and able to detect and quantify smaller families, such as trans-fatty acids.

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

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