Herbs and Spices Modulate Gut Microbiota Composition: A Randomized, Crossover, Controlled-Feeding Study

Abstract Objectives The effect of culinary doses of herbs and spices, consumed as part of a well-defined dietary pattern, on gut microbiota composition has not been previously studied. The aim of this study was to examine gut microbial composition following an average American diet (carbohydrate: 50% kcal; protein: 17%; total fat: 33%; saturated fat: 11%; sodium: 3000 mg/d) containing herbs and spices at 0.5 (Low Spice Diet; LSD), 3.3 (Moderate Spice Diet; MSD) and 6.6 (High Spice Diet; HSD) g/day/2100 kcal in adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods Fifty-four adults (57% female; 45 ± 11 years, BMI 29.8 ± 2.9 kg/m2; waist circumference 102.8 ± 7.1 cm) were included in this three-period, randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study. Each diet was provided for 4-weeks with a minimum 2-week wash-out period. At baseline and the end of each diet period subjects provided a fecal sample for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. QIIME2 was used for data filtration, sequence clustering, taxonomy assignment and statistical analysis. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analyses were used to determine enriched biomarker taxa following each diet. Results No between-diet differences in alpha diversity were observed based on Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity, Observed Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), and Pielou's Evenness (Kruskal-Walllis, P > 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed beta-diversity following the HSD significantly differed from baseline (PERMANOVA, P = 0.030). LEfSe pairwise analyses identified multiple taxa that were differentially abundant following the spice-containing diets vs. baseline. Compared to baseline, 34 taxa were enriched with the HSD, 22 taxa were enriched with the MSD and 20 taxa were enriched with the LSD. Members of the taxa enriched with the HSD are known short-chain fatty acid producers (Faecalibacterium and Butyricimonas). Conclusions The addition of herbs and spices at 0.5, 3.3, and 6.6 g/day/2100 kcal to an average American diet altered gut microbiota composition, and resulted in enrichment of short-chain fatty acid producers, after 4-weeks in adults at elevated risk for CVD. Funding Sources McCormick Science Institute; NCATS NIH (1UL1TR002014–01); Grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Precollege and Undergraduate Science Education Program to Juniata College supported the computational research.

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Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis by Mogroside V in an In Vitro Incubation System

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.1c03485 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruiming Xiao ◽

Wanci Liao ◽

Guangjuan Luo ◽

Zhenning Qin ◽

Shuangyan Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

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Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: two sides of the same coin

Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s40168-021-01097-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Suriano ◽

Sara Vieira-Silva ◽

Gwen Falony ◽

Martin Roumain ◽

Adrien Paquot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Leptin Signaling ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice are commonly used mice models mimicking the conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes development. However, although ob/ob and db/db mice are similarly gaining weight and developing massive obesity, db/db mice are more diabetic than ob/ob mice. It remains still unclear why targeting the same pathway—leptin signaling—leads to the development of two different phenotypes. Given that gut microbes dialogue with the host via different metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) but also contribute to the regulation of bile acids metabolism, we investigated whether inflammatory markers, bacterial components, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbes could contribute to explain the specific phenotype discriminating the onset of an obese and/or a diabetic state in ob/ob and db/db mice. Results Six-week-old ob/ob and db/db mice were followed for 7 weeks; they had comparable body weight, fat mass, and lean mass gain, confirming their severely obese status. However, as expected, the glucose metabolism and the glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly different between ob/ob and db/db mice. Strikingly, the fat distribution was different, with db/db mice having more subcutaneous and ob/ob mice having more epididymal fat. In addition, liver steatosis was more pronounced in the ob/ob mice than in db/db mice. We also found very distinct inflammatory profiles between ob/ob and db/db mice, with a more pronounced inflammatory tone in the liver for ob/ob mice as compared to a higher inflammatory tone in the (subcutaneous) adipose tissue for db/db mice. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that the quantity of 19 microbial taxa was in some way affected by the genotype. Furthermore, we also show that serum LPS concentration, hepatic bile acid content, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles were differently affected by the two genotypes. Conclusion Taken together, our results elucidate potential mechanisms implicated in the development of an obese or a diabetic state in two genetic models characterized by an altered leptin signaling. We propose that these differences could be linked to specific inflammatory tones, serum LPS concentration, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid profile, and gut microbiota composition.

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A combined administration of ampicillin and vancomycin induces mild colitis with decreased diversity of gut microbiota and perturbation of glutamine and short chain fatty acid metabolisms.

10.26226/morressier.59a6b343d462b80290b5437a ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Akira Sonoda

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Combined Administration

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Both living and dead Faecalibacterium prausnitzii alleviate HDM ‐induced allergic asthma through the modulation of gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acid ( SCFAs ) production

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/jsfa.11207 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenbing Hu ◽

Wenwei Lu ◽

Lingzhi Li ◽

Hao Zhang ◽

Yuan‐kun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Allergic Asthma ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii

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The use of disinfectant in barn cleaning alters microbial composition and increases carriage of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens

10.1101/2021.10.29.466552 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Fan ◽

Andrew Forgie ◽

Tingting Ju ◽

Camila Marcolla ◽

Tom Inglis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Commercial Chicken ◽

Cecal Microbiota

To maintain food safety and flock health in broiler chicken production, biosecurity approaches to keep chicken barns free of pathogens are important. Canadian broiler chicken producers must deep clean their barns with chemical disinfectants at least once annually (full disinfection; FD) and may wash with water (water-wash; WW) throughout the year. However, many producers use FD after each flock, assuming a greater efficacy of more stringent cleaning protocols, although little information is known regarding how these two cleaning practices affect pathogen population and gut microbiota. In the current study, a cross-over experiment over four production cycles was conducted in seven commercial chicken barns to compare WW and FD. We evaluated the effects of barn cleaning method on the commercial broiler performance, cecal microbiota composition, pathogen occurrence and abundance, as well as short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the month-old broiler gut. The 30-day body weight and mortality rate were not affected by the barn cleaning methods. The WW resulted in a modest but significant effect on the structure of broiler cecal microbiota (weighted-UniFrac; adonis p = 0.05, and unweighted-UniFrac; adonis p = 0.01), with notable reductions in Campylobacter jejuni occurrence and abundance. In addition, the WW group had increased cecal acetate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations, which were negatively correlated with C. jejuni abundance. Our results support the use of WW over FD to enhance the activity of the gut microbiota and potentially reduce zoonotic transmission of C. jejuni in broiler production without previous disease challenges.

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