scholarly journals Characterizing Children's Eating Patterns: Does the Choice of Eating Occasion Definition Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1053-1053
Author(s):  
Rebecca Leech ◽  
Alison Spence ◽  
Katie Lacy ◽  
Miaobing Zheng ◽  
Anna Timperio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Objectives Currently, there are recommendations to defining eating occasions (EO) for use in studies of adults, but none exist for children or adolescents. This study examined how varying definitions of EO influence the characterization of eating patterns in children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional 24-h dietary recall data collected during the 2011–12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 2701, age range: 2–18 years) were analyzed. Eight definitions were applied: participant-identified, time-of-day, and 6 neutral definitions (individual EO separated by 15- or 60-min and/or an additional energy criterion of 5 kcal or 50 kcal). Frequency of and total energy intake from meals, snacks, and all EO were estimated. Differences between definitions were tested using F tests, stratified by sex and age-group. Agreement between definitions of meal and snack frequencies was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). For each definition, linear regression was used to estimate the proportion of variance in total energy intake (kcal) and BMI z-score predicted by frequency of meals and snacks and all EO. Results In boys and girls and across all age groups, mean frequencies of meals and snacks differed between the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions (P < 0.01). There were differences between mean frequencies of EO across the 6 neutral definitions with the largest mean difference observed for children aged 2–3 y (boys: 2.3, girls: 2.5; P < 0.003). There was good agreement (ICC) for snacks (boys: 0.93, girls: 0.93) but not meal frequencies (boys: 0.36; girls: 0.38) between the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions. The definition of 15-min time interval plus 210 kJ consistently predicted the most variance in total energy intake (R2 range = 8.1–34.8). Generally, definitions that delineated meals and snacks best predicted variance in BMI z-score. Conclusions Variations in the definition of EO affect how eating patterns are characterized, particularly in young children. A variation of the neutral definition best predicted variance in total energy intake and findings for BMI were mixed. Further research that compares EO definitions in younger and older children is needed to inform a standard approach. Funding Sources National Heart Foundation of Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council.

scholarly journals Characterizing children’s eating patterns: does the choice of eating occasion definition matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Leech ◽  
Alison C. Spence ◽  
Kathleen E. Lacy ◽  
Miaobing Zheng ◽  
Anna Timperio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Recommendations to define eating occasions (EO) currently exist for research in adults, but not for children or adolescents. We examined how varying EO definitions affect the characterization of eating patterns in children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional dietary data collected using a 24-h recall data during the 2011–12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (1364 boys and 1337 girls aged 2–18 years) were analyzed. Eight definitions were applied: participant-identified, time-of-day, and 6 neutral definitions (EO separated by 15- or 60-min and/or an additional energy criterion of 21 or 210 kJ). Frequency of and total energy intake from meals, snacks, and all EO were estimated. F tests stratified by gender and age-group, were used to assess differences between definitions. Agreement between definitions of meal and snack frequencies was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Linear regression was used to estimate the proportion of variance in total energy intake (kJ) and BMI z-score predicted by each definition. Results Mean frequencies of meals and snacks differed between the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions, in boys and girls and for all age groups (P < 0.01). Across the six neutral definitions, there were differences between mean frequencies of EO with the largest mean difference observed for children aged 2–3 y (boys: 2.3, girls: 2.5; P < 0.003). Between the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions, there was good agreement for frequencies of snacks (ICC for both genders: 0.93) but not meals (boys: 0.36; girls: 0.38). The 15-min time interval plus 210 kJ definition of an EO consistently predicted the most variance in total energy intake (R2 range = 8.1–34.8). Definitions that delineated meals and snacks better predicted variance in BMI z-score, when compared to the neutral definitions. Conclusions How eating patterns are characterized vary depending on the EO definitions employed, particularly in young children. Variance in total energy intake was best predicted by a variation of the neutral definition whereas definitions that delineated meals and snacks performed better in relation to predicting BMI variance. Further international research that compares EO definitions in children will help inform a standard approach.

scholarly journals The effect of eating frequency on total energy intake, BMI z‐score and diet quality in children and adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Whitney Evans ◽  
Paul Jacques ◽  
Gerard E. Dallal ◽  
Jennifer Sacheck ◽  
Aviva Must
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Eating Frequency

scholarly journals Consumption of ultra-processed foods on free sugar intake of Portuguese infants: The Upper Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Costa de Miranda ◽  
F Rauber ◽  
M Moraes ◽  
D Torres ◽  
C Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Dietary Content

Abstract Background The dietary share of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been associated with low diet quality, including high content of free sugar, mainly in adults' populations. We aim to assess the influence of UPF consumption on free sugar intake of Portuguese infants. Methods Cross-sectional representative study including 573 infants (6-23 months old) who participated in the 2015-2016 National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake was collected by two non-consecutive food diaries (time interval 8-15 days). Food items were classified according food processing degree by the NOVA system. Total energy intake and percentage provided by each NOVA food groups as well as the free sugar content of the overall diet were assessed. Mean free sugar intake was evaluated across quintiles (Q) of UPF consumption by linear regression adjusted for socioeconomic covariates. Results Mean energy intake was 935 kcal/day, in which 49.1% was derived from unprocessed/minimally processed foods, 7.2% from processed culinary ingredients, 7.0% from processed foods and 36.6% from UPF. The mean dietary share of UPF ranged from 12.5% (Q1) to 65.5% (Q5) of total energy. Within UPF, infant formulas (19.3%), milk-based drinks (6.7%) and sweet snacks (4.8%) contributed the most to energy intake. Mean free sugar intake in the overall diet accounted for 8.1% of total energy intake, in which 92.5% came from UPF. As the UPF consumption increased, the dietary content of free sugar increased significantly (β = 0.77; p &lt; 0.001). Contribution of free sugar in total energy intake raised from 2.9% to 12.7%, representing an increment of 338% from the lower to the upper quintile of the dietary share of UPF. Conclusions Portuguese infants had an important intake of free sugar. Nearly all of this intake came from UPF, which calls for public health efforts to avoid UPF consumption by this population group. Funding FAPESP 2018/07391-9, 2019/05972-7 (MCR), 2016/14302-7 (FR); POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032090. Key messages Ultra-processed foods contributed with 36.6% of total energy intake and 92.5% of free sugar in the diets of Portuguese infants. As the ultra-processed foods consumption increased, the dietary content of free sugar increased significantly from 2.9% (Q1) to 12.7% (Q5), representing an increment of 338%.

scholarly journals Sources of excessive saturated fat, trans fat and sugar consumption in Brazil: an analysis of the first Brazilian nationwide individual dietary survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela A Pereira ◽  
Kiyah J Duffey ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the patterns of consumption of foods high in solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS) in Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study; individual dietary intake survey. Food intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive food records. Foods providing >9·1 % of energy from saturated fat, or >1·3 % of energy from trans fat, or >13 % of energy from added sugars per 100 g were classified as high in SoFAS.SettingBrazilian nationwide survey, 2008–2009.SubjectsIndividuals aged ≥10 years old.ResultsMean daily energy intake was 8037 kJ (1921 kcal), 52 % of energy came from SoFAS foods. Contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake was higher among women (52 %) and adolescents (54 %). Participants in rural areas (43 %) and in the lowest quartile of per capita family income (43 %) reported the smallest contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake. SoFAS foods were large contributors to total saturated fat (87 %), trans fat (89 %), added sugar (98 %) and total sugar (96 %) consumption. The SoFAS food groups that contributed most to total energy intake were meats and beverages. Top SoFAS foods contributing to saturated fat and trans fat intakes were meats and fats and oils. Most of the added and total sugar in the diet was supplied by SoFAS beverages and sweets and desserts.ConclusionsSoFAS foods play an important role in the Brazilian diet. The study identifies options for improving the Brazilian diet and reducing nutrition-related non-communicable chronic diseases, but also points out some limitations of the nutrient-based criteria.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Index Based on EAT-Lancet Recommendations: The Planetary Health Diet Index

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Leandro Teixeira Cacau ◽  
Eduardo De Carli ◽  
Aline Martins de Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Andrade Lotufo ◽  
Luis A. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a planetary health diet. We propose the development of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) based on this proposed reference diet. We used baseline dietary data obtained through a 114-item FFQ from 14,779 participants of the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health, a multicenter cohort study conducted in Brazil. The PHDI has 16 components and a score from 0 to 150 points. Validation and reliability analyses were performed, including principal component analyses, association with selected nutrients, differences in means between groups (for example, smokers vs. non-smokers), correlations between components and total energy intake, Cronbach’s alpha, item-item correlations, and linear regression analysis between PHDI with carbon footprint and overall dietary quality. The mean PHDI was 60.4 (95% CI 60.2:60.5). The PHDI had six dimensions, was associated in an expected direction with the selected nutrients and was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in smokers (59.0) than in non-smokers (60.6). Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.51. All correlations between components were low, as well as between components and PHDI with total energy intake. After adjustment for age and sex, the PHDI score remained associated (p < 0.001) with a higher overall dietary quality and lower carbon footprint. Thus, we confirmed the PHDI validity and reliability.

scholarly journals Food consumption of sugarcane workers' families in the Brazilian Northeast

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Vanessa Messias Muniz ◽  
Débora Silva Cavalcanti ◽  
Nayalla Morais de Lima ◽  
Mônica Maria Osório
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the food intake of sugarcane workers' family members. METHODS: The food intake of 159 family members of sugarcane workers from Gameleira, Pernambuco, Brazilian Northeast, was investigated by directly weighing the foods on three non-consecutive days. The percent risk of inadequate macro- and micronutrient intakes was analyzed according to the Reference Dietary Intakes. The macronutrients were analyzed in relation to acceptable distribution intervals. The energy consumed from the various food groups was expressed as a ratio of the total energy intake. RESULTS: The median intake of carbohydrates and proteins remained above the Estimated Average Requirement, and all age groups presented a low risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes. The median intakes of riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, and iron remained above the Estimated Average Requirement for all age groups, but children aged 1-3 years presented a high percent risk of inadequate iron intake. All age groups presented high percent risk of inadequate zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intakes. Grains and derivatives had a greater participation in the total energy intake, especially in men aged 19-30 years. The group "milk and dairy products" had a greater participation in the diet of children aged 1-3 years. CONCLUSION: The low percent risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes in all age groups was opposed to the high risk of inadequate mineral and vitamin intakes, making the population vulnerable to nutritional disorders caused by excess macronutrient intake and inadequate micronutrient intake.

scholarly journals Results from a dietary survey in an Indian T2DM population: a STARCH study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank R Joshi ◽  
Anil Bhansali ◽  
Sarita Bajaj ◽  
Subodh S Banzal ◽  
Mala Dharmalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Plan ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveTo assess the dietary total and complex carbohydrate (CHO) contents in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants in India.SettingWe enrolled 796 participants in this cross-sectional, single-visit, multicentre, two-arm, single-country survey. Participants were enrolled from 10 specialty endocrinology/dialectology centres from five regions of India.ParticipantsA total of 796 participants (Asian) were enrolled in this study (385, T2DM and 409, non-T2DM). Key inclusion criteria—male or female ≥18 years, diagnosed with T2DM ≥12 months (T2DM), and not on any diet plan (non-T2DM).Study outcomePrimary outcome was to find out the percentage of total energy intake as simple and complex CHO from total CHO. Secondary outcomes were to find the differences in percentage of total energy intake as simple CHO, complex CHO, proteins and fats between T2DM and non-T2DM groups. The percentage of T2DM participants adhering to diet plan and showing glycaemic controls were also examined.ResultsThe mean (SD) of total calorie intake per day (Kcal) was 1547 (610, 95% CI 1486 to 1608) and 2132 (1892, 95% CI 1948 to 2316), respectively, for T2DM and non-T2DM groups. In the T2DM group (n=385), the mean (SD) percentage of total energy intake as total CHO, complex CHO and simple CHO was 64.1±8.3 (95% CI 63.3 to 64.9), 57.0±11.0 (95% CI 55.9 to 58.1) and 7.1±10.8 (95% CI 6.0 to 8.2), respectively. The mean (SD) percentage of complex CHO intake from total CHO was 89.5±15.3 (95% CI 88.0 to 91.1). The mean (SD) total protein/fat intake per day (g) was 57.1 (74.0)/37.2 (18.6) and 57.9 (27.2)/55.3 (98.2) in T2DM and non-T2DM groups, respectively.ConclusionsOur study shows that CHO constitutes 64.1% of total energy from diet in T2DM participants, higher than that recommended in India. However, our findings need to be confirmed in a larger epidemiological survey.Trial registration numberNCT01450592 & Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2012/02/002398.

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