scholarly journals Increased Nut Consumption and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among U.S. Men and Women: Three Large Prospective Cohort Studies (OR17-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Liu ◽  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier ◽  
Deirdre Tobias ◽  
Shilpa Bhupathiraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the association of changes in total consumption of nuts and in specific type of nuts (e.g., walnuts, other tree nuts, peanuts) and subsequent risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in three large prospective cohorts of U.S. men and women. Methods We included 34,222 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2012), 77,957 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1986–2012), and 80,756 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2013). We assessed nut consumption every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires. We used multivariable Cox proportional regression models to examine the association between 4-year changes in nut consumption and risk of confirmed CVD endpoints (composite nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease [CHD], and nonfatal or fatal stroke) in the subsequent 4 years with a median follow-up of 17.2 years. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, family history of CVD, intake of nuts at beginning of each-4 year and simultaneous changes of correlated dietary and lifestyle confounders. Results During 2818,760 person-years of follow-up, we documented 8478 cases of incident CVD, including 4989 cases of CHD and 3489 cases of stroke. Per 0.5 serving/day (1 serving = 28 g) increase in total consumption of nuts was associated with a lower risk of CVD (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88–0.96), CHD (0.94, 0.89–0.99), and stroke (0.89, 0.83–0.95) (Figure 1). For each 0.5 serving increase per day, the RR for CVD in the subsequent 4 years was 0.86 (0.76–0.98) for walnuts, 0.93 (0.86–1.02) for other tree nuts, and 0.92 (0.86–0.99) for peanuts, respectively. We evaluated the joint association of initial and final nut consumption over 4 years with the subsequent risk of CVD, CHD and stroke. Compared with individuals who remained non-consumers, individuals who consistently had a high nut consumption (≥0.5 serving/day) had a significantly lower risk of CVD (0.75, 0.67–0.84), CHD (0.80, 0.69–0.93), and stroke (0.68, 0.57–0.82) (Figure 2). Conclusions Increasing intake of total nuts, including walnuts, other tree nuts, or peanuts, was associated with a subsequent lower risk of CVD. Funding Sources NIH: UM1 CA186107, UM1 CA176726, UM1 CA167552. Partly funded by The Peanut Institution and the California Walnut Commission. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analyses, interpretation and publication. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Changes in nut consumption influence long-term weight change in US men and women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Liu ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
The Us

BackgroundNut consumption has increased in the US but little evidence exists on the association between changes in nut consumption and weight change. We aimed to evaluate the association between changes in total consumption of nuts and intakes of different nuts (including peanuts) and long-term weight change, in three independent cohort studies.Methods and findingsData collected in three prospective, longitudinal cohorts among health professionals in the US were analysed. We included 27 521 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986 to 2010), 61 680 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1986 to 2010), and 55 684 younger women (Nurses’ Health Study II, 1991 to 2011) who were free of chronic disease at baseline in the analyses. We investigated the association between changes in nut consumption over 4-year intervals and concurrent weight change over 20–24 years of follow-up using multivariate linear models with an unstructured correlation matrix to account for within-individual repeated measures. 21 322 individuals attained a body mass index classification of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at the end of follow-up.Average weight gain across the three cohorts was 0.32 kg each year. Increases in nut consumption, per 0.5 servings/day (14 g), was significantly associated with less weight gain per 4-year interval (p<0.01 for all): −0.19 kg (95% CI -0.21 to -0.17) for total consumption of nuts, -0.37 kg (95% CI -0.45 to -0.30) for walnuts, -0.36 kg (95% CI -0.40 to -0.31) for other tree nuts, and -0.15 kg (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11) for peanuts.Increasing intakes of nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts by 0.5 servings/day was associated with a lower risk of obesity. The multivariable adjusted RR for total nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p=0.0036), 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89, p=0.0002), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.91, p<0.0001), respectively. Increasing nut consumption was also associated with a lower risk of gaining ≥2 kg or ≥5 kg (RR 0.89–0.98, p<0.01 for all).In substitution analyses, substituting 0.5 servings/day of nuts for red meat, processed meat, French fries, desserts, or potato, chips (crisps) was associated with less weight gain (p<0.05 for all).Our cohorts were largely composed of Caucasian health professionals with relatively higher socioeconomic status; thus the results may not be generalisable to other populations.ConclusionIncreasing daily consumption of nuts is associated with less long-term weight gain and a lower risk of obesity in adults. Replacing 0.5 servings/day of less healthful foods with nuts may be a simple strategy to help prevent gradual long-term weight gain and obesity.

Real Men Don’t Cry: Skill Expressing Discrete Emotions Differentially Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Thompson ◽  
Natalie L Tuck ◽  
Sarah D Pressman ◽  
Nathan S Consedine
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Expressing emotions effectively is central to social functioning and has links to health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Previous work has linked the ability to smile to lower CVD risk in men but has not studied other expressions or considered the context of these skills. Purpose To test whether the ability to express fear, anger, sadness, happiness, and disgust cross-sectionally predict CVD risk in both genders and whether links are moderated by the ability to decode others’ emotional signals. Methods A community sample of 125 men and women (30–75 years) provided trait emotion data before a laboratory visit where blood was drawn and performance-based assessments of the ability to signal and decode emotions were administered. Expressive accuracy was scored using FaceReader software. Projected CVD risk was calculated using Framingham, a New Zealand (NZ) specific, and Atherosclerosis CVD (ASCVD) risk algorithms. Results Accuracy expressing happiness predicted lower projected risk, whereas greater accuracy expressing fear and sadness predicted higher risk. Gender frequently moderated these links; greater accuracy expressing happiness predicted lower risk in men but not women. Conversely, greater accuracy expressing fear predicted higher risk in men, whereas greater accuracy expressing sadness predicted lower risk in women but, again, higher risk in men. The ability to accurately decode others’ emotions moderated some links. Conclusions The ability to signal emotion has complex links to health parameters. The ability to flexibly regulate expressions in accordance with gender norms may be one useful way of thinking about adaptive expressive regulation.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Semirural Community in Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Yook Chin ◽  
Srinivas Pengal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Mean

Background and aim. It has been argued that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not very prevalent in developing countries, particularly in a rural community. This study examined the prevalence of CVD risk of a semirural community in Malaysia through an epidemiological survey. Methods. Subjects were invited to a free health screening service carried out over a period of 6 weeks. Then, a follow-up study of the initial nonresponders was done in the villages that showed a poorer response. The survey was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg. The Framingham Coronary Disease Risk Prediction Score (FRS) was used as a measure of CVD risk. Results. A total of 1417 subjects participated in this survey. The response rate was 56%. A follow-up survey of the nonresponders did not show any differences from the initial responders in any systematic way. The prevalence of CVD risk factors was high in both men and women. The mean (±SD) FRS was 9.4 (±2.5) and 11.3 (±4.1) for men and women, respectively. The mean predicted coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was high at 20% to 25% for men and medium at 11% to 13% for women. Overall, 55.8% of the men had >20% risk of having a CHD event in the next 10 years whereas women’s risk was lower, with 15.1% having a risk of ≥20%. Conclusion. The prevalence of CVD risk even in a semirural community of a developing country is high. Every effort should be made to lower these risk factors.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations of Smoke-Free Policies and Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Mayne ◽  
Rachel Widome ◽  
Allison J. Carroll ◽  
Pamela J. Schreiner ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Smoke-free legislation has been associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease hospital admissions in ecological studies. However, prior studies lacked detailed information on individual-level factors (eg, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics) that could potentially confound associations. Our objective was to estimate associations of smoke-free policies with incident cardiovascular disease in a longitudinal cohort after controlling for sociodemographics, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and policy covariates. Methods: Longitudinal data from 3783 black and white adults in the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; 1995–2015) were linked to state, county, and local 100% smoke-free policies in bars, restaurants, and nonhospitality workplaces by Census tract. Extended Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of incident cardiovascular disease associated with time-dependent smoke-free policy exposures. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular disease risk factors, state cigarette tax, participant-reported presence of a smoking ban at their workplace, field center, and metropolitan statistical area poverty. Results: During a median follow-up of 20 years (68 332 total person-years), 172 participants had an incident cardiovascular disease event (2.5 per 1000 person-years). Over the follow-up period, 80% of participants lived in areas with smoke-free policies in restaurants, 67% in bars, and 65% in nonhospitality workplaces. In fully adjusted models, participants living in an area with a restaurant, bar, or workplace smoke-free policy had a lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease compared with those in areas without smoke-free policies (HR, 0.75, 95% confidence interval, 0.49–1.15; HR, 0.76, 95% confidence interval, 0.47–1.24; HR, 0.54, 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.86, respectively; HR, 0.58, 95% confidence interval, 0.33–1.00 for living in an area with all 3 types of policies compared with none). The estimated preventive fraction was 25% for restaurant policies, 24% for bar policies, and 46% for workplace policies. Conclusions: Consistent with prior ecological studies, these individual-based data add to the evidence that 100% smoke-free policies are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged adults.

scholarly journals Circulating Proangiogenic Cell Activity Is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreton Mavromatis ◽  
Konstantinos Aznaouridis ◽  
Ibhar Al Mheid ◽  
Emir Veledar ◽  
Saurabh Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Vascular injury mobilizes bone marrow–derived proangiogenic cells into the circulation, where these cells can facilitate vascular repair and new vessel formation. We sought to determine the relationship between a new biomarker of circulating bone marrow–derived proangiogenic cell activity, the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors, and clinical outcomes. Circulating proangiogenic cell activity was estimated using a reproducible angiogenic colony-forming unit (CFU-A) assay in 532 clinically stable subjects aged 20 to 90 years and ranging in the CVD risk spectrum from those who are healthy without risk factors to those with active CVD. CFU-A counts increased with the burden of CVD risk factors ( p < 0.001). CFU-A counts were higher in subjects with symptomatic CVD than in those without ( p < 0.001). During follow-up of 232 subjects with CVD, CFU-A counts were higher in those with death, myocardial infarction, or stroke than in those without (110 [70–173] vs 84 [51–136], p = 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that circulating proangiogenic cell activity, as estimated by CFU-A counts, increases with CVD risk factor burden and in the presence of established CVD. Furthermore, higher circulating proangiogenic cell activity is associated with worse clinical outcome in those with CVD.

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