Cognitive Deficits and Clinical Symptoms with Hippocampal Subfields in First-Episode and Never-Treated Patients with Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Mei Hong Xiu ◽  
XiaoE Lang ◽  
Da Chun Chen ◽  
Bo Cao ◽  
Thomas R Kosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields

Abstract Memory dysfunction and associated hippocampal disturbances play crucial roles in cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. To examine the relationships between cognitive function and the hippocampal subfields (HSs) in first-episode never-treated (FENT) schizophrenia patients, the HSs were segmented in 39 FENT patients and 30 healthy controls using a state-of the-art automated algorithm. We found no significant differences in any HSs between the patients and controls. However, multivariate regression analysis showed that the left cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), left hippocampal tail, left presubiculum, and right molecular layer contributed 40% to the variance of the PANSS negative symptom score. After adjusting for sex, age, education, and intracranial volume, the partial correlation analysis showed that the volumes of left CA1, CA3, CA4, molecular layer, granule cell layer and both left and right subiculum were negatively correlated with the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). Multiple regression analysis showed that the left CA1 and CA3 hippocampal abnormalities contributed 66% to the variance of the HVLT. Our results suggest no detectable HS deficits were found in FENT schizophrenia patients. However, the HSs may be involved in the symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia patients in the early phase of their illness.

scholarly journals Association between hippocampal subfields and clinical symptoms of first-episode and drug naive schizophrenia patients during 12 weeks of risperidone treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoE Lang ◽  
Dongmei Wang ◽  
Dachun Chen ◽  
Mei Hong Xiu ◽  
Huixia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

Abstract Small hippocampal size, especially in CA1 may be implicated in the pathogenesis and psychopathology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, does the volume of hippocampal subfields like CA1 in SCZ patients affect response to antipsychotic treatment? In this study, we used risperidone to treat first-episode and drug naïve (FEDN) SCZ patients for 12 weeks, and then explored the relationship between differences in baseline hippocampal subfield volumes, as well as any changes in the volumes of these hippocampal structures during treatment, and improvement in their psychopathological symptoms. By adopting a state-of the-art automated algorithm, the hippocampal subfields were segmented in 43 FEND SCZ inpatients at baseline and in 26 of them after 12 weeks of risperidone monotherapy, as well as in 30 matched healthy controls. We adopted the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to assess psychopathological symptoms in 43 SCZ patients at baseline and in 40 of them at post-treatment. Our results showed that before treatment, schizophrenia patients had no significant differences in total or subfield hippocampal volumes compared with healthy volunteers (all p>0.05). However, at baseline smaller volumes of the left CA1, right molecular layer of the dentate, left hippocampal tail and left pre-subiculum were significantly correlated with worse PANSS negative symptom scores, accounting for 41% of its variance. We also found a significant correlation between a larger left CA1 at baseline and a worse PANSS total score and general psychopathology sub-score at post-treatment (both p<0.05). Furthermore, the left CA1 at baseline was significantly smaller in responders, who had >50% improvement in PANSS total score, than in non-responders (p<0.05). Our results suggest that FEDN SCZ patients with smaller left CA1 had greater negative psychotic symptoms at baseline and more of them had a >50% improvement in PANSS total score after 12 weeks of risperidone treatment. Thus, smaller left CA1 volume may be a predicator for improvement in psychotic symptoms of FEDN SCZ patients, but hippocampal volumes overall did not differ in size from normal controls and did not change during treatment.

Atrophic Pattern of Hippocampal Subfields in Post-Stroke Demented Patient

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zhao ◽  
Huaying Cai ◽  
Weihao Zheng ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Di Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Atrophic Pattern

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that hippocampal atrophy is a hallmark of dementia and can be used to predict the outcome of post-stroke demented (PSD) patients. The hippocampus consists of several subfields but their involvement in the pathophysiology of the PSD remains unclear. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate volumetric alterations of hippocampal subfields in patients with PSD. Methods: High-resolution T1-weighted images were collected from 27 PSD and 28 post-stroke nondemented (PSND) patients who recovered from ischemic stroke, and 17 age-matched normal control (NC). We estimated the volumes of the hippocampal subfields using FreeSurfer 6.0 which segmented the hippocampus into 12 subfields in each hemisphere. The volumetric differences between the groups were evaluated by the two-sample tests after regressing out the age, sex, education, and total intracranial volume. Results: Compared with NC group, PSD group showed smaller volumes in the entire hippocampus and its subfields, and such differences were not found in PSND group. Moreover, we found the dementia-specific atrophy in the left granule cell layer of dentate gyrus (GC-DG) and CA4 in the PSD patients compared with NC and PSND. Regression analysis showed positive correlations between the changes of cognitive performance and the asymmetry index in the CA3/4 and GC-DG of the PSD group. Furthermore, we found that the volumes of hippocampal subfields provided a better classification performance than the entire hippocampus. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the hippocampus is reduced in the PSD patients and it presents a selective subfield involvement.

scholarly journals Reduced Hippocampal Volume and Its Relationship With Verbal Memory and Negative Symptoms in Treatment-Naive First-Episode Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xujun Duan ◽  
Changchun He ◽  
Jianjun Ou ◽  
Runshi Wang ◽  
Jinming Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Morphometry ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Accumulating neuroimaging evidence has shown remarkable volume reductions in the hippocampi of patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationship among hippocampal morphometry, clinical symptoms, and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia is still unclear. In this study, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 36 patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS, age range: 13–18 years) and 30 age-, gender-, and education-matched typically developing controls (TDCs). Hippocampal volume was assessed automatically through volumetric segmentation and measurement. After adjusting for total intracranial volume, we found reduced hippocampal volume in individuals with AOS compared with TDCs, and the hippocampal volume was positively correlated with verbal memory and negatively correlated with negative symptoms in AOS. In addition, mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of hippocampal volume on negative symptoms via verbal memory impairment. When the negative symptoms were represented by 2 dimensions of deficits in emotional expression (EXP) and deficits in motivation and pleasure (MAP), the indirect effect was significant for EXP but not for MAP. Our findings provide further evidence of hippocampal volume reduction in AOS and highlight verbal memory impairment as a mediator to influence the relationship between hippocampal morphometry and negative symptoms, especially the EXP dimension of negative symptoms, in individuals with AOS.

scholarly journals Altered Hippocampal Subfields Volumes Is Associated With Memory Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingrui Li ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Haoming Huang ◽  
Xi Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields

Objective: Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is related to changes in hippocampal structure and function. However, the alternation of hippocampal subfields volumes and their relationship with cognitive function are unclear. This study explored morphological alterations in the hippocampus and its subfields in T2DM patients and their relationship with cognitive function.Methods: Thirty T2DM patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent 3-dimensional, high-resolution T1-weighted sequence (3D-T1) and a battery of cognitive tests. Freesurfer 6.0 was performed to segment the hippocampus into 12 subregions automatically. Then relationships between hippocampal subfield volumes and neurocognitive scale scores in the T2DM group were evaluated.Results: Immediate memory scores on the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in T2DM patients were lower than in the HCs. T2DM patients showed that volumes of the bilateral hippocampus were significantly reduced, mainly in the bilateral molecular layer, granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG), cornu ammonis 4 (CA4), fimbria, and left subiculum and the right hippocampus amygdala transition area (HATA) compared to HCs. In addition, T2DM patients showed the FINS was negatively correlated with volume of left GC-ML-DG (r = −0.415, P = 0.035) and left CA4 (r = −0.489, P = 0.011); the FBG was negatively correlated with volume of right fimbria (r = −0.460, P = 0.018); the HOMA-IR was negatively correlated with volume of left GC-ML-DG (r = −0.367, P = 0.046) and left CA4(r = 0.462, P = 0.010). Partial correlation analysis found that the volume of right HATA in T2DM group was positively correlated with AVLT (immediate) scores (r = 0.427, P = 0.03).Conclusion: This study showed the volumes of multiple hippocampal subfields decreased and they were correlated with FINS, FBG and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients. We hypothesized that decreased hippocampal subfields volumes in T2DM patients was related to insulin resistance and impaired vascular function. In addition, we also found that abnormal hippocampal subfields volumes were related to memory function in T2DM patients, suggesting that reduced volumes in specific hippocampal subfields may be the potential mechanism of memory dysfunction in these patients.

scholarly journals Sex differences in association between cognitive impairment and clinical correlates in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Xiao Hong Wang ◽  
Chuan Yi Kang ◽  
Yue Zheng ◽  
Li Ying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with significant sex differences. Cognitive impairment is common in patients with schizophrenia, even in remission. This study was designed to examine the sex differences in the relationship between cognitive impairment and clinical correlations with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) schizophrenia. Methods 93 FEDN patients (male/female = 45/48) and 160 controls (male/female = 74/86) were enrolled to compare the sex differences in cognitive functions measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate patients' clinical symptoms. We compared cognitive impairment with sociodemographic characteristics and measures of different genders, as well as group-by-sex interactions. Results Our results showed that male patients had significantly lower scores for symbol coding, digital sequence, and verbal learning than female patients, while the healthy controls showed similar sex differences. In female patients, multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that PANSS negative symptoms and general psychopathology scores, HAMD total score, and education level were independent contributors to MCCB total score. In male patients, only education was an independent contributor to MCCB total score. Conclusions These findings revealed significant sex differences in cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms in FEDN, which will be worthy of a follow-up study of schizophrenia in the future.

scholarly journals Sex differences in association between cognitive impairment and clinical correlates in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Xiao Hong Wang ◽  
Chuan Yi Kang ◽  
Yue Zheng ◽  
Li Ying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with significant sex differences. Cognitive impairment is common in patients with schizophrenia, even in remission. This study was designed to examine the sex differences in the relationship between cognitive impairment and clinical correlations with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) schizophrenia. Methods 93 FEDN patients (male/female = 45/48) and 160 controls (male/female = 74/86) were enrolled to compare the sex differences in cognitive functions measure by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to evaluated patients' clinical symptoms. We compared cognitive impairment with sociodemographic characteristics and measures of different genders, as well as group-by-sex interactions. Results Our results showed that the MCCB total and index score in FEDN were lower than in the control group, except for category fluency and social cognition. Male patients had significantly lower symbol coding, digital sequence, and verbal learning scores than female patients, and the controls showed a similar sex difference. Interestingly, we also found six indexes and MCCB total score that showed diagnosis-by-sex interactions, belonging to the speed of processing, attention, working memory, and verbal learning. The MCCB total score showed correlations with PANSS total score and education for both genders. In female patients, education showed significant positive correlations with MCCB total and all ten index scores. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that negative symptoms and general psychopathology of PANSS, HAMD total score, and education were independent contributors to MCCB total score. In male patients, only education was an independent contributor to MCCB total score. Conclusions These findings revealed significant sex differences in cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms in FEDN. These results should be considered, which will be worthy of a follow-up study of schizophrenia in the future.

scholarly journals Relationships between abnormal neural activities and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Rongrong Zhang ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Shuiping Lu ◽  
Wenmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background Prior resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies via the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method have demonstrated inconsistent and conflicting results because of several confounding factors, such as small sample size, medicinal influence, and illness duration. Relationships between ReHo measures and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (dn-FES) are rarely reported. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between ReHo measures, cognitive deficits, and clinical symptoms in patients with dn-FES. Methods A total of 69 patients with dn-FES and 74 healthy controls were recruited. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess cognitive function, intelligence quotient (IQ), and clinical symptoms, respectively. The correlations between ReHo map and cognitive deficits, the severity of symptoms were examined using strict correlation analyses within brain areas. Results The ReHo values in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) increased in the dn-FES group, whereas the ReHo values in the right cuneus decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the ReHo values in the right MFG were positively correlated with attention/vigilance impairments, social cognition deficits, the severity of clinical manifestations. Conclusions These findings suggested that abnormal spontaneous activities in the right MFG reflect the illness severity and cognitive deficits, which serves as a basis for establishing the objective diagnostic markers and might be a clinical intervention target for patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Predicting individual responses to the electroconvulsive therapy with hippocampal subfield volumes in major depression disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Cao ◽  
Qinghua Luo ◽  
Yixiao Fu ◽  
Lian Du ◽  
Tian Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Depression Disorder

Abstract Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depression disorder (MDD). ECT can induce neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in hippocampus, which contains distinct subfields, e.g., the cornu ammonis (CA) subfields, a granule cell layer (GCL), a molecular layer (ML), and the subiculum. It is unclear which subfields are affected by ECT and whether we predict the future treatment response to ECT by using volumetric information of hippocampal subfields at baseline? In this study, 24 patients with severe MDD received the ECT and their structural brain images were acquired with magnetic resonance imaging before and after ECT. A state-of-the-art hippocampal segmentation algorithm from Freesurfer 6.0 was used. We found that ECT induced volume increases in CA subfields, GCL, ML and subiculum. We applied a machine learning algorithm to the hippocampal subfield volumes at baseline and were able to predict the change in depressive symptoms (r = 0.81; within remitters, r = 0.93). Receiver operating characteristic analysis also showed robust prediction of remission with an area under the curve of 0.90. Our findings provide evidence for particular hippocampal subfields having specific roles in the response to ECT. We also provide an analytic approach for generating predictions about clinical outcomes for ECT in MDD.

scholarly journals Relationships between abnormal neural activities and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Rongrong Zhang ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Shuiping Lu ◽  
Wenmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Prior resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies via the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method have demonstrated inconsistent and conflicting results because of several confounding factors, such as small sample size, medicinal influence, and illness duration. Relationships between ReHo measures and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (dn-FES) are rarely reported. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between ReHo measures, cognitive deficits, and clinical symptoms in patients with dn-FES. Methods: A total of 69 patients with dn-FES and 74 healthy controls were recruited. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess cognitive function, intelligence quotient (IQ), and clinical symptoms, respectively. The correlations between ReHo map and cognitive deficits, the severity of symptoms were examined using strict correlation analyses within brain areas.Results: The ReHo values in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) increased in the dn-FES group, whereas the ReHo values in the right cuneus decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the ReHo values in the right MFG were positively correlated with attention/vigilance impairments, social cognition deficits, the severity of clinical manifestations. Conclusions: These findings suggested that abnormal spontaneous activities in the right MFG reflect the illness severity and cognitive deficits, which serves as a basis for establishing the objective diagnostic markers and might be a clinical intervention target for patients with schizophrenia.

PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSION IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN

2014 ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Manh Hoan Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Thanh Cao
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Past History ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background and Objective: HIV infection is also a cause of postpartum depression, however, in Vietnam, there has not yet the prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. The objective is to determine prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. Materials and Methods: From November 30th, 2012 to March 30th, 2014, a prospective cohort study is done at Dong Nai and Binh Duong province. The sample includes135 HIV infected women and 405 non infected women (ratio 1/3) who accepted to participate to the research. We used “Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening test when women hospitalized for delivery and 1 week, 6weeks postpartum. Mother who score EPDS ≥ 13 are likely to be suffering from depression. We exclude women who have EPDS ≥ 13 since just hospitalize. Data are collected by a structural questionaire. Results: At 6 weeks postpartum, prevalence of depression in HIV infected women is 61%, in the HIV non infected women is 8.7% (p < 0.001). There are statistical significant differences (p<0.05) between two groups for some factors: education, profession, income, past history of depression, child’s health, breast feeding. Logistical regression analysis determine these factors are related with depression: late diagnosis of HIV infection, child infected of HIV, feeling guilty of HIV infected and feeling guilty with their family. Multivariate regression analysis showed 4 factors are related with depression: HIV infection, living in the province, child’s health, past history of depression. Conclusion: Prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women is 61.2%; risk of depression of postnatal HIV infected women is 6.4 times the risk of postnatal HIV non infected women, RR=6.4 (95% CI:4.3 – 9.4). Domestic women have lower risk than immigrant women from other province, RR=0.72 (95% CI:0.5 – 0.9). Past history of depression is a risk factor with RR=1.7 (95% CI:1.02 – 0.9. Women whose child is weak or die, RR=1.7(95% CI:0.9 – 3.1). Keywords: Postpartum depression, HIV-positive postpartum women

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