scholarly journals Task-Modulated Corticocortical Synchrony in the Cognitive-Motor Network Supporting Handwriting

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1871-1886
Author(s):  
Timo Saarinen ◽  
Jan Kujala ◽  
Hannu Laaksonen ◽  
Antti Jalava ◽  
Riitta Salmelin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Simple Loop ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract Both motor and cognitive aspects of behavior depend on dynamic, accurately timed neural processes in large-scale brain networks. Here, we studied synchronous interplay between cortical regions during production of cognitive-motor sequences in humans. Specifically, variants of handwriting that differed in motor variability, linguistic content, and memorization of movement cues were contrasted to unveil functional sensitivity of corticocortical connections. Data-driven magnetoencephalography mapping (n = 10) uncovered modulation of mostly left-hemispheric corticocortical interactions, as quantified by relative changes in phase synchronization. At low frequencies (~2–13 Hz), enhanced frontoparietal synchrony was related to regular handwriting, whereas premotor cortical regions synchronized for simple loop production and temporo-occipital areas for a writing task substituting normal script with loop patterns. At the beta-to-gamma band (~13–45 Hz), enhanced synchrony was observed for regular handwriting in the central and frontoparietal regions, including connections between the sensorimotor and supplementary motor cortices and between the parietal and dorsal premotor/precentral cortices. Interpreted within a modular framework, these modulations of synchrony mainly highlighted interactions of the putative pericentral subsystem of hand coordination and the frontoparietal subsystem mediating working memory operations. As part of cortical dynamics, interregional phase synchrony varies depending on task demands in production of cognitive-motor sequences.

scholarly journals The asynchronous state's relation to large-scale potentials in cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2206-2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alishbayli ◽  
J. G. Tichelaar ◽  
U. Gorska ◽  
M. X. Cohen ◽  
B. Englitz
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Spike Count ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Asynchronous State ◽  
Cortical Regions

Understanding the relation between large-scale potentials (M/EEG) and their underlying neural activity can improve the precision of research and clinical diagnosis. Recent insights into cortical dynamics highlighted a state of strongly reduced spike count correlations, termed the asynchronous state (AS). The AS has received considerable attention from experimenters and theorists alike, regarding its implications for cortical dynamics and coding of information. However, how reconcilable are these vanishing correlations in the AS with large-scale potentials such as M/EEG observed in most experiments? Typically the latter are assumed to be based on underlying correlations in activity, in particular between subthreshold potentials. We survey the occurrence of the AS across brain states, regions, and layers and argue for a reconciliation of this seeming disparity: large-scale potentials are either observed, first, at transitions between cortical activity states, which entail transient changes in population firing rate, as well as during the AS, and, second, on the basis of sufficiently large, asynchronous populations that only need to exhibit weak correlations in activity. Cells with no or little spiking activity can contribute to large-scale potentials via their subthreshold currents, while they do not contribute to the estimation of spiking correlations, defining the AS. Furthermore, third, the AS occurs only within particular cortical regions and layers associated with the currently selected modality, allowing for correlations at other times and between other areas and layers.

scholarly journals Cortical traveling waves reflect state-dependent hierarchical sequencing of local regions in the human connectome network

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Intrinsic Frequency ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Empirical Networks

AbstractRecent human studies using electrocorticography have demonstrated that alpha and theta band oscillations form traveling waves on the cortical surface. According to neural synchronization theories, the cortical traveling waves may group local cortical regions and sequence them by phase synchronization; however these contributions have not yet been assessed. This study aimed to evaluate the functional contributions of traveling waves using connectome-based network modeling. In the simulation, we observed stable traveling waves on the entire cortical surface wherein the topographical pattern of these phases was substantially correlated with the empirically obtained resting-state networks, and local radial waves also appeared within the size of the empirical networks (< 50 mm). Importantly, individual regions in the entire network were instantaneously sequenced by their internal frequencies, and regions with higher intrinsic frequency were seen in the earlier phases of the traveling waves. Based on the communication-through-coherence theory, this phase configuration produced a hierarchical organization of each region by unidirectional communication between the arbitrarily paired regions. In conclusion, cortical traveling waves reflect the intrinsic frequency-dependent hierarchical sequencing of local regions, global traveling waves sequence the set of large-scale cortical networks, and local traveling waves sequence local regions within individual cortical networks.

scholarly journals Large-scale imaging of cortical dynamics during sensory perception and behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 2852-2866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Wekselblatt ◽  
Erik D. Flister ◽  
Denise M. Piscopo ◽  
Cristopher M. Niell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
And Behavior

Sensory-driven behaviors engage a cascade of cortical regions to process sensory input and generate motor output. To investigate the temporal dynamics of neural activity at this global scale, we have improved and integrated tools to perform functional imaging across large areas of cortex using a transgenic mouse expressing the genetically encoded calcium sensor GCaMP6s, together with a head-fixed visual discrimination behavior. This technique allows imaging of activity across the dorsal surface of cortex, with spatial resolution adequate to detect differential activity in local regions at least as small as 100 μm. Imaging during an orientation discrimination task reveals a progression of activity in different cortical regions associated with different phases of the task. After cortex-wide patterns of activity are determined, we demonstrate the ability to select a region that displayed conspicuous responses for two-photon microscopy and find that activity in populations of individual neurons in that region correlates with locomotion in trained mice. We expect that this paradigm will be a useful probe of information flow and network processing in brain-wide circuits involved in many sensory and cognitive processes.

scholarly journals A causal role for pulvinar in coordinating task independent cortico-cortical interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Eradath ◽  
Mark A. Pinsk ◽  
Sabine Kastner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Viewing Condition ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Large Scale Network ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
Scale Network

AbstractPulvinar is the largest nucleus in the primate thalamus and has topographically organized connections with multiple cortical areas, thereby forming extensive cortico-pulvino-cortical input-output loops. Neurophysiological studies have provided evidence for a role of these transthalamic pathways in regulating information transmission between cortical areas. However, a causal role of pulvinar in regulating cortico-cortical interactions has not yet been demonstrated. In particular, it is not known whether pulvinar’s influences on cortical networks are task-dependent or reflect more basic large-scale network properties that maintain functional connectivity across a network regardless of active task demands. In the current study, under a passive viewing condition, we conducted simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from interconnected ventral (area V4) and dorsal (LIP) nodes of the macaque visual system while reversibly inactivating the dorsal part of lateral pulvinar (dPL), which shares common anatomical connectivity with V4 and LIP. Our goal was to probe a causal role of pulvinar in regulating cortico-cortical interactions in the absence of any active task demands. Our results show a significant reduction in local field potential phase coherence between LIP and V4 in low frequencies (4-15 Hz) following muscimol -a potent GABAA agonist -injection into dPL. At the local level, no significant changes in firing rates or LFP power were observed in LIP or in V4 following dPL inactivation. These results indicate a causal role for pulvinar in synchronizing neural activity between interconnected cortical nodes of a large-scale network, even in the absence of an active task state.Significance StatementPulvinar, the largest nucleus of the primate thalamus, has been implicated in several cognitive functions. The extensive cortico-pulvino-cortical loops formed by pulvinar are suggested to be regulating information transmission between interconnected cortical areas. However, a causal evidence for pulvinar’s role in cortico-cortical interactions in the absence of active task demands is not yet clear. We conducted simultaneous recordings from nodes of macaque visual system (areas V4 and LIP) while inactivating the dorsal part of the lateral pulvinar (dPL) under a passive viewing condition. Our results show a significant reduction in local field phase coherence between LIP and V4 in low frequencies (4-15 Hz) following inactivation of dPL, thus providing evidence for a causal role of pulvinar in regulating cortico-cortical interactions even in the absence of an active task state.

scholarly journals Modelling Theta-Band Connectivity Between Occipital and Frontal Lobes: A Methodological MEG Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Price ◽  
Matthew J. Brookes ◽  
Elizabeth B. Liddle ◽  
Peter F. Liddle ◽  
Lena Palaniyappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Plausible Model ◽  
Cortical Regions

AbstractMeasuring functional connectivity between cortical regions of the human brain has become an important area of research. Modern theory suggests that brain networks exhibit non-stationarity, constantly forming and reforming depending on task demands. A robust means of determining effective connectivity in the short-lived neural responses that occur in event related paradigms would allow the investigation of event related cortico-cortical dynamics. We present such a mathematical model of wave propagation, motivated by current neuroscience literature, and demonstrate the utility of the method in a clinical sample of schizophrenia patients. MEG data were acquired in 10 patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy controls during a relevance modulation task. Data were filtered into the theta band (4-8Hz) and source localised using a beamformer. The model was implemented using Fourier analysis methods which uncovered an event related travelling wave moving from the visual to frontal cortices. The model was validated using Monte Carlo phase randomisation and compared with another plausible model of wave propagation in the cortex. Results from the clinical sample revealed that wave speed was modulated by task condition and patients were found to have less difference between conditions (ANOVA revealing a significant interaction between group and condition, p<0.05). In conclusion, our method provides a simple and robust means to investigate event related cortico-cortical brain dynamics in individuals and groups in the task positive state.

scholarly journals Learning Speech Production and Perception through Sensorimotor Interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihab Shamma ◽  
Prachi Patel ◽  
Shoutik Mukherjee ◽  
Guilhem Marion ◽  
Bahar Khalighinejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Mathematical Simulations ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Sensorimotor Interactions ◽  
Forward Projection ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract Action and Perception are closely linked in many behaviors necessitating a close coordination between sensory and motor neural processes so as to achieve a well-integrated smoothly evolving task performance. To investigate the detailed nature of these sensorimotor interactions, and their role in learning and executing the skilled motor task of speaking, we analyzed ECoG recordings of responses in the high-γ band (70 Hz-150 Hz) in human subjects while they listened to, spoke, or silently articulated speech. We found elaborate spectrotemporally-modulated neural activity projecting in both forward (motor-to-sensory) and inverse directions between the higher-auditory and motor cortical regions engaged during speaking. Furthermore, mathematical simulations demonstrate a key role for the forward projection in learning to control the vocal tract, beyond its commonly-postulated predictive role during execution. These results therefore offer a broader view of the functional role of the ubiquitous forward projection as an important ingredient in learning, rather than just control, of skilled sensorimotor tasks.

scholarly journals Dynamic relationships between spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soren Wainio-Theberge ◽  
Annemarie Wolff ◽  
Georg Northoff
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Dynamic Relationships

AbstractSpontaneous neural activity fluctuations have been shown to influence trial-by-trial variation in perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. However, the complex electrophysiological mechanisms by which these fluctuations shape stimulus-evoked neural activity remain largely to be explored. Employing a large-scale magnetoencephalographic dataset and an electroencephalographic replication dataset, we investigate the relationship between spontaneous and evoked neural activity across a range of electrophysiological variables. We observe that for high-frequency activity, high pre-stimulus amplitudes lead to greater evoked desynchronization, while for low frequencies, high pre-stimulus amplitudes induce larger degrees of event-related synchronization. We further decompose electrophysiological power into oscillatory and scale-free components, demonstrating different patterns of spontaneous-evoked correlation for each component. Finally, we find correlations between spontaneous and evoked time-domain electrophysiological signals. Overall, we demonstrate that the dynamics of multiple electrophysiological variables exhibit distinct relationships between their spontaneous and evoked activity, a result which carries implications for experimental design and analysis in non-invasive electrophysiology.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Cortical Dynamics of Sleep Slow Waves

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e30757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Botella-Soler ◽  
Mario Valderrama ◽  
Benoît Crépon ◽  
Vincent Navarro ◽  
Michel Le Van Quyen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Cortical Dynamics

scholarly journals Research on Efficacy Evaluation of Large-Scale Networked Intelligent Perception System

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Suqiong Ge ◽  
Xiaopeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Evaluation Platform

Under the smart engineering system (SES), there is a huge demand for evaluating the efficacy of a large-scale networked intelligent perception system (IPS). Considering the large-scale, distributed, and networked system characteristics and perception task demands, this paper proposes a conceptual system for IPS efficacy evaluation and, on this basis, designs the architecture of the efficacy evaluation system. A networked IPS model is constructed based on domain ontology, an index system is quickly established for efficacy evaluation, the evaluation methods are assembled automatically, and adaptive real-time organization strategies are generated for networked perception based on efficacy estimate. After exploring these key technologies, a prototype system is created for the service-oriented integrated efficacy evaluation platform and used to verify and integrate research results. The research provides support for the efficacy evaluation theories and methods of large-scale networked IPS.

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