scholarly journals Daily and Nondaily Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Trials Network 067/ADAPT Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Grant ◽  
Sharon Mannheimer ◽  
James P Hughes ◽  
Yael Hirsch-Moverman ◽  
Avelino Loquere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Correlations Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Rectal Gonorrhea Incidence in Men Who Have Sex With Men: Implications for Future HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Mullick ◽  
Jeffrey Murray
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Using published data, we found a direct correlation between the incidence of rectal gonorrhea and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in men who have sex with men who were not using oral preexposure prophylaxis. HIV incidence was predicted using rectal gonorrhea incidence as the determinant in regression analysis. The observed correlation suggest that rectal gonorrhea incidence can potentially serve as a predictor of HIV incidence. If confirmed with additional data, a quantitative correlation for incidence of the 2 infections could be useful in active-controlled HIV prevention trials where low HIV incidence is expected. Widespread improvements in treatment as prevention and gonorrhea control can negatively impact the correlation and its utility.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Superinfection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 075 Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya V Sivay ◽  
Philip J Palumbo ◽  
Yinfeng Zhang ◽  
Vanessa Cummings ◽  
Xu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 075 study evaluated the feasibility of enrolling and retaining men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TWG) from Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa. During the study follow-up, 21 participants acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (seroconverters). We analyzed HIV subtype diversity, drug resistance, transmission dynamics, and HIV superinfection data among MSM and TGW enrolled in HPTN 075. Methods HIV genotyping and drug resistance testing were performed for participants living with HIV who had viral loads >400 copies/mL at screening (prevalent cases, n = 124) and seroconverters (n = 21). HIV pol clusters were identified using Cluster Picker. Superinfection was assessed by a longitudinal analysis of env and pol sequences generated by next-generation sequencing. Results HIV genotyping was successful for 123/124 prevalent cases and all 21 seroconverters. The major HIV subtypes were A1 (Kenya) and C (Malawi and South Africa). Major drug resistance mutations were detected in samples from 21 (14.6%) of 144 participants; the most frequent mutations were K103N and M184V/I. Phylogenetic analyses identified 11 clusters (2–6 individuals). Clusters included seroconverters only (n = 1), prevalent cases and seroconverters (n = 4), and prevalent cases only (n = 6). Superinfections were identified in 1 prevalent case and 2 seroconverters. The annual incidence of superinfection was higher among seroconverters than among prevalent cases, and was higher than the rate of primary HIV infection in the cohort. Conclusions This report provides important insights into HIV genetic diversity, drug resistance, and superinfection among MSM and TWG in sub-Saharan Africa. These findings may help to inform future HIV prevention interventions in these high-risk groups.

scholarly journals Projected Impact of Concurrently Available Long-Acting Injectable and Daily-Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis: A Mathematical Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Kevin M Maloney ◽  
Adrien Le Guillou ◽  
Robert A Driggers ◽  
Supriya Sarkar ◽  
Emeli J Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Population Impact ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Long-acting injectable (LAI) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is reportedly efficacious, although full trial results have not been published. We used a dynamic network model of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men to assess the population impact of LAI-PrEP when available concurrently with daily-oral (DO) PrEP. Methods The reference model represents the current HIV epidemiology and DO-PrEP coverage (15% among those with behavioral indications for PrEP) among men who have sex with men in the southeastern United States. Primary analyses investigated varied PrEP uptake and proportion selecting LAI-PrEP. Secondary analyses evaluated uncertainty in pharmacokinetic efficacy and LAI-PrEP persistence relative to DO-PrEP. Results Compared with the reference scenario, if 50% chose LAI-PrEP, 4.3% (95% simulation interval, −7.3% to 14.5%) of infections would be averted over 10 years. The impact of LAI-PrEP is slightly greater than that of the DO-PrEP–only regimen, based on assumptions of higher adherence and partial protection after discontinuation. If the total PrEP initiation rate doubled, 17.1% (95% simulation interval, 6.7%–26.4%) of infections would be averted. The highest population-level impact occurred when LAI-PrEP uptake and persistence improved. Conclusions If LAI-PrEP replaces DO-PrEP, its availability will modestly improve the population impact. LAI-PrEP will make a more substantial impact if its availability drives higher total PrEP coverage, or if persistence is greater for LAI-PrEP.

scholarly journals Decreased Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentrations in a Transgender Female Cohort: Implications for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2201-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie L Cottrell ◽  
Heather M A Prince ◽  
Amanda P Schauer ◽  
Craig Sykes ◽  
Kaitlyn Maffuid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Female Cohort ◽  
Tenofovir Diphosphate

Abstract Feminizing hormone therapy (FHT) may interact with human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We found that transgender women who took FHT exhibited a 7-fold lower rectal tissue ratio of PrEP’s active metabolites vs competing deoxynucleotides compared to cisgender women and men (P = .03) that inversely correlated with estradiol (ρ = –0.79; P < .05). Thus, FHT may negatively impact PrEP efficacy. Clinical Trials Registration . NCT02983110.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Anal and Oral High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Uninfected French Men Who Have Sex With Men and Use Preexposure Prophylaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa ◽  
Laurent Bélec ◽  
Camelia Gubavu ◽  
Hélène Péré ◽  
Mathieu Matta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Hpv ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background We assessed the prevalence and risk factors of anal and oral high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus–uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM) and take preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in France. Methods Anal and oral samples were screened by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (Anyplex II HPV 28; Seegene) for HPV DNA. Results A total of 61 unvaccinated MSM (mean age, 36.1 years) were enrolled. Anal HPV and HR-HPV prevalences were 93.4% and 81.9%, respectively, and oral HPV and HR-HPV prevalences, 33.9% and 19.6%, respectively. HR-HPV type 33 was the most detected genotype, in both anal and oral samples. Among MSM, 68.8% carried ≥1 anal HPV type targeted by the 9-valent Gardasil-9 vaccine; all oral HPV-positive samples carried ≥1 strain included in the vaccine. Condomless receptive anal intercourse and history of anal gonorrhea were the main factors associated with increased risk for anal HPV infection (adjusted odds ratio, 10.4) and anal infection with multiple HR-HPV genotypes (5.77), respectively. Conversely, having had <10 partners in the last 12 months was associated with decreased risk for anal carriage of both multiple HPV (adjusted odds ratio, 0.19) and HR-HPV (0.17) types. Conclusion French MSM using PrEP are at high risk for both anal and oral carriage of HR-HPV that could lead to HPV-related cancers.

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