scholarly journals Characteristics of Campylobacter and Salmonella Infections and Acute Gastroenteritis in Older Adults in Australia, Canada, and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1545-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice E White ◽  
Nadia Ciampa ◽  
Yingxi Chen ◽  
Martyn Kirk ◽  
Andrea Nesbitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Enteric Infections

Abstract Background The early detection of enteric infections in older adults is challenging because typical signs and symptoms of disease may be less common, absent, or overlooked. Understanding illness characteristics of enteric infections among older adults could improve the timeliness and accuracy of clinical diagnoses, thereby improving patient outcomes and increasing cases reported to surveillance. Methods Here, we describe illness characteristics (percentage reporting bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal pain; percentage hospitalized; duration of hospitalization; and duration of illness) among older adults (≥65 years) with acute gastroenteritis and culture-confirmed Campylobacter and nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in Australia, Canada, and the United States and compare these characteristics with those among younger people (<5 years, 5–24 years, and 25–64 years). Results A significant negative correlation was found between all symptoms and increasing age group, except for bloody diarrhea in cases of acute gastroenteritis. Adults aged ≥85 years reported bloody diarrhea in only 9% of nontyphoidal Salmonella and 4% of Campylobacter infections compared with 59% and 55% among children aged <5 years. Conversely, a greater percentage of older adults (≥65) than younger persons (<5, 5–24, 25–64) reported being hospitalized, with an increasing linear relationship in age groups 65 years and older. Conclusions Although older adults are more likely to have severe illness and be hospitalized, we found that the proportion of persons reporting symptoms typically associated with enteric infections decreases with age. These findings have implications for clinical recognition and treatment of gastrointestinal illness, as well as for public health research.

scholarly journals Bacterial Enteric Infections Among Older Adults in the United States: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 1996–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Scallan ◽  
Stacy M. Crim ◽  
Arthur Runkle ◽  
Olga L. Henao ◽  
Barbara E. Mahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Enteric Infections

Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O145 Infections Associated with Romaine Lettuce Consumption, 2010‡§

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. TAYLOR ◽  
T. A. NGUYEN ◽  
K. D. MACHESKY ◽  
E. KOCH ◽  
M. J. SOTIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Outbreak Strain

Non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause severe illness, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). STEC O145 is the sixth most commonly reported non-O157 STEC in the United States, although outbreaks have been infrequent. In April and May 2010, we investigated a multistate outbreak of STEC O145 infection. Confirmed cases were STEC O145 infections with isolate pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns indistinguishable from those of the outbreak strain. Probable cases were STEC O145 infections or HUS in persons who were epidemiologically linked. Case-control studies were conducted in Michigan and Ohio; food exposures were analyzed at the restaurant, menu, and ingredient level. Environmental inspections were conducted in implicated food establishments, and food samples were collected and tested. To characterize clinical findings associated with infections, we conducted a chart review for case patients who sought medical care. We identified 27 confirmed and 4 probable cases from five states. Of these, 14 (45%) were hospitalized, 3 (10%) developed HUS, and none died. Among two case-control studies conducted, illness was significantly associated with consumption of shredded romaine lettuce in Michigan (odds ratio [OR] = undefined; 95%confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 to undefined) and Ohio (OR = 10.9; 95%CI = 3.1 to 40.5). Samples from an unopened bag of shredded romaine lettuce yielded the predominant outbreak strain. Of 15 case patients included in the chart review, 14 (93%) had diarrhea and abdominal cramps and 11 (73%) developed bloody diarrhea. This report documents the first foodborne outbreak of STEC O145 infections in the United States. Current surveillance efforts focus primarily on E. coli O157 infections; however, non-O157 STEC can cause similar disease and outbreaks, and efforts should be made to identify both O157 and non-O157 STEC infections. Providers should test all patients with bloody diarrhea for both non-O157 and O157 STEC.

scholarly journals Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal and Its Associations With Food Group Intake and Diet Quality in the United States, NHANES 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1114-1114
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
James Normington ◽  
Jean-Michel Michno ◽  
Nort Holschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) is a nutrient-dense food that has been associated with better nutrient intake. This study was conducted to examine the association between consumption of RTEC and food group intake and diet quality in the United States using the most recent nationally representative data. Methods Participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 were classified as RTEC eaters or non-eaters depending on whether RTEC was reported in their day-1 dietary recall. Food group intake was estimated from Food Patterns Equivalence Database 2017–2018. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). Differences in food group intake and diet quality by RTEC consumption status were compared by ANOVA for survey, and were analyzed separately in children (2–17 y, N = 2135), adults 18–64 y (N = 3675), and older adults (65 y or older, N = 1221). Results Consumption of RTEC was associated with significantly higher intake of whole grains and dairy products, in all age groups examined (all P &lt; 0.01). Children who consumed RTEC had a significantly lower intake of total protein foods (3.7 cup eq. vs 4.6 cup eq., P &lt; 0.001) and vegetables (0.7 cup eq. vs 0.9 cup eq., P &lt; 0.001) than non-eaters, however, intake of these food groups was not significantly different in adults 18–64 y or older adults by RTEC consumption status. Consumption of RTEC was not significantly associated with intake of added sugar in all age groups examined (all P &gt; 0.05). Diet quality, as measured by HEI-2015 total score, was significantly higher in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in children, adults 18–64y, and older adults (all P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions The results demonstrated that consumption of RTEC was associated with higher intake of whole grains and dairy products, but not with added sugar in the US population. RTEC consumption was also associated with better diet quality. Funding Sources The study was supported by Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Measuring (Non)Essentialist Beliefs About the Process of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weiss ◽  
Manfred Diehl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives We validated an aging mindset measure that captures beliefs about the process of aging. Specifically, we introduce a brief 4-item and an extended 10-item measure assessing (non)essentialist beliefs about aging. Methods We report findings from one longitudinal and one cross-cultural study, including young, middle-aged, and older adults between 18 and 88 years. The studies established (retest) reliability and measurement invariance as well as convergent and discriminant validity of the measures. Results First, in a longitudinal study (N = 124, 50–84 years) including 4 measurement occasions, we showed that the 4-item scale assessing (non)essentialist beliefs about aging has good retest reliability and convergent as well as discriminant validity (e.g., awareness of age-related change). Second, in a large cross-cultural sample (N = 1,080, 18–82 years) of participants in the United States and Germany, we established an extended 10-item measure of (non)essentialist beliefs about aging, providing support for a 2-factor structure as well as measurement invariance across samples within and across countries (the United States and Germany), age groups (young, middle-aged, and older adults), as well as across men and women. Discussion Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between fixed versus malleable aging beliefs in research on aging and life-span development.

scholarly journals Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal and Its Associations With Nutrient Intake and Nutrition Adequacy in the United States, NHANES 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1115-1115
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
James Normington ◽  
Jean-Michel Michno ◽  
Nort Holschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) has been associated with improved intake of under-consumed nutrients. This study was conducted to examine consumption of RTEC and its association with nutrient intake and nutrition adequacy in the United States using the most recent nationally representative data. Methods Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 was used. Participants were classified as RTEC eaters or non-eaters depending on whether RETC was reported in their day-1 dietary recall. Total daily nutrient intake was compared by RTEC consumption status using ANOVA for survey data. Percentages below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for selected vitamins and minerals that are usually fortified in RTEC products were calculated using the National Cancer Institute method as estimate of usual intake. Data were analyzed in children (2–17 y, N = 2135), adults 18–64 y (N = 3675), and older adults (65 y or older, N = 1221) separately. Results Among children, 34% reported RTEC consumption. The percentage of RTEC consumers was 14% in adults 18–64y and 22% in adults 65y or older. Consumption of RTEC was associated with significantly higher intake of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D (all P &lt; 0.05), but not with intake of protein, saturated fat, and vitamin E, in all three groups examined. Children who consumed RTEC also had a significantly lower intake of sodium (2735 mg vs 2929 mg, P = 0.02) and total fat (70 g vs 76 g, P = 0.005) than non-eaters, whereas energy intake was significantly higher in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in adults 18–64y (2390 kcal vs 2171 kcal, P = 0.03) and older adults (2081 kcal vs 1921 kcal, P = 0.03). Percentages below EAR for vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, iron were lower in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in all age groups examined. Conclusions We found that consumption of RTEC was associated with higher intake of nutrients to encourage and RTEC consumers were more likely to meet nutrient recommendations compared to RTEC non-consumers. Funding Sources The study was supported by Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals SUICIDE TRENDS AND DISPARITIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES, 2008-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S692-S692
Author(s):  
Sanae El Ibrahimi ◽  
Yunyu Xiao ◽  
Matthew L Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
End Of Life Issues

Abstract Background: Suicide ranks within the top fifteen causes of death among adults 55 and older in the United States and is a growing concern in the face of social isolation and other end-of-life issues. This study examined differences and trends in suicide rates and methods among older adults in the U.S. Methods: Suicide mortality rates from 2008-2017 were derived from the Multiple Cause of Death files in the CDC’s WONDER database. Suicide deaths were identified from the underlying causes of death using ICD-10 codes. Age-adjusted death rates (per 100,000) were calculated. Older adults were grouped into four age categories: 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and 85+ years. Percent change in suicide rates between 2008-2017 were examined, which were then stratified by gender and top suicide methods. Results: Suicide rates increased by 16% among adults 55 years of age and older from 2008 to 2017 (15.4 vs 17.8 per 100,000 respectively). In 2017, the suicide rate among older adults was 27% higher than the general population (14.0 per 100,000). Suicide rates were significantly higher among men relative to women for those ages 85+ (14:1 ratio of males-to-females). However, females in the 65-74 age group experienced the highest increase of suicide rate (41%) compared to other females or males across age groups. The most common method of suicide was firearms, followed by poisoning and suffocation. Suffocation had the highest increase over time (37%). Conclusion: Rising suicide rates among older adults suggest the need for tailored intervention strategies that address upstream suicide-related risk factors.

Retirement, Pensions, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in China, England, Mexico, and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyi Lu ◽  
Mack Shelley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Private Pensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Family

This study explores the associations of retirement, and of public and private pensions, with older adults’ depressive symptoms by comparing differences between countries and age groups. Harmonized data were analyzed from the family of Health and Retirement Study in 2012–2013 from China, England, Mexico, and the United States ( n =  97,978). Respondents were asked if they were retired and received public or private pensions. Depressive symptom was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Retirement was significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms for the United States and with lower depressive symptoms for Mexico and England. Public pension was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms for Mexico and with higher depressive symptoms for the United States and China. Private pension was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms for the United States, China, and England. Our study shows that continuity theory demonstrates cross-national variation in explaining the association between retirement and depressive symptoms.

Perceptions of negative stereotypes of older people in magazine advertisements: comparing the perceptions of older adults and college students

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM ROBINSON ◽  
BOB GUSTAFSON ◽  
MARK POPOVICH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Strong Consensus ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTNegative stereotypes not only affect how older people feel about themselves, but also how younger people feel about old age and their prospect of growing old. The research reported in this paper has examined the negative and potentially harmful stereotypes of older people portrayed in magazine advertisements in the United States, as perceived by groups of older and young people. Q-methodology sorts of 40 advertisements with negative images of older people, along with personal interviews, were used to probe older people's and college student's feelings and attitudes about the images. The subjects were placed in four categories: ‘moralists’, ‘objectors’, ‘ageing moralists’ and ‘resentfuls’. Regardless of whether stereotypes were used, the older people liked the advertisements that showed them as being clever, vibrant and having a sense of humour. Neither the older people nor the students liked advertisements that ridiculed or poked fun at older people, or presented them as being out of touch with reality and unattractive. Both groups rated the stereotypes dealing with the real problems associated with ageing as inoffensive. The comparison of the two age groups showed a strong consensus about which images were acceptable and which offensive.

scholarly journals Healthcare Resource Utilization for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
David W. Jang ◽  
Hui-Jie Lee ◽  
Ryan J. Huang ◽  
Jeffrey Cheng ◽  
Ralph Abi Hachem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Resource Utilization ◽  
Medication Utilization

Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and costly health problem in the United States. While often associated with younger adults, CRS can affect the elderly. As the aging population increases in the United States, the cost burden of CRS in older adults is important to assess. The objective of this study is to characterize healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and healthcare expenditure (HCE) for CRS in this population. Methods: Patients meeting criteria for CRS with three years of continuous data were identified on IBM® Marketscan Research Databases over a five-year period (2013–2017). Medication utilization, outpatient visits, surgery, and expenditures related to CRS were assessed for older adults (>65) and compared with other age groups. As a secondary analysis, multivariable generalized linear models were utilized to compare HCE while adjusting for baseline medication utilization. Results: A total of 238,825 patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 20,927 were older adults. Older adults had the highest overall prevalence of nasal polyps (10%) and asthma (16%) among adult groups. Surgery rate was lower than other adult groups, but medication utilization was the highest. Mean overall HCE at two years was highest in older adults (USD 2545 vs. 2298 in young adults). However, HCE was highest for the young adult group after adjusting for baseline medication usage. Conclusion: Older adults had a higher rate of CRS-related co-morbidities as well as the highest CRS-related medication utilization and unadjusted two-year HCE. Although the reasons for this are unclear, possibilities include greater disease severity and preference for medical versus surgical management. HCE for CRS is expected to increase as the aging population grows.

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