Prevalence of Hepatitis A Immunity and Decision-tree Analysis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Are Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Tokyo

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Koibuchi ◽  
Michiko Koga ◽  
Tadashi Kikuchi ◽  
Taizo Horikomi ◽  
Yoshihiro Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Decision Tree Analysis ◽  
Decision Tree Algorithm ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can be sexually transmitted. However, the level of HAV immunity among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Japan is unknown. Determining the epidemiology of HAV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) and who are living with HIV is essential for an HAV vaccination program. This study examined HAV immunity in patients living with HIV and applied the decision-tree analysis to explore the factors of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-hepatitis A (HA) antibodies in MSM living with HIV. Methods We examined the presence of IgG-HA antibodies among patients living with HIV from January to December 2017 in The Hospital of The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo. We recorded each patient’s age, sex, mode of HIV transmission, year of HIV diagnosis, HAV vaccine status, history of HAV infection, and history of other infectious diseases. A decision-tree algorithm was used to reveal the factors and profiles most relevant to the anti-HAV prevalence. Results Overall, 378 MSM patients living with HIV were examined for IgG-HA antibodies. After excluding 24 patients who had received a HAV vaccine, the data of 354 MSM were analyzed (median age 45 years, interquartile range 39–51 years). Of the 354 patients, 60 (16.9%) were positive for IgG-HA antibodies. The HA positivity rate increased with patients’ age, and age (> 63.5 years) was extracted as the most important variable by classification of the decision-tree algorithm. Conclusions Our study, conducted just before the HAV outbreak among MSM in Tokyo, showed that age was the most relevant factor in anti-HAV prevalences. An extensive HAV vaccination program for MSM patients living with HIV is urgently needed, particularly for younger people.

scholarly journals Comparative effectiveness of two doses versus three doses of hepatitis A vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men

Hepatology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1734-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tzu Tseng ◽  
Sui-Yuan Chang ◽  
Wen-Chun Liu ◽  
Hsin-Yun Sun ◽  
Cheng-Hsin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Parenting Desires Among Individuals Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E Cohn ◽  
Lisa B Haddad ◽  
Anandi N Sheth ◽  
Christina Hayford ◽  
Joan S Chmiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reproductive Services ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background In 1988, 1 of 3 women (W) and heterosexual men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reported wanting children, but little is known about parenting desires of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. We examined parenting desires among persons initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Of 1809 participants in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 5257, 1425 W aged ≤45 years or men completed questionnaires about parenting desires at baseline and 96 weeks after initiating ART. Self-reported desires for children in the future (yes/unsure vs no) and associations between baseline sociodemographics and parenting desires at 96 weeks were examined using multivariable logistic regression, overall and within subgroups. Results The 1425 participants were as follows: 36% white, 39% black, 22% Hispanic; median age 36 (interquartile range, 28–44); 70% MSM, 13% men reported sex only with W (MSW), 17% W. At baseline, 42% may want children in the future (42% MSM, 37% MSW, 43% W); at 96 weeks, 41% may want children (41% MSM, 37% MSW, 43% W). At follow-up, approximately 10% of responses changed in each direction. In multivariable analyses, education greater than high school, <30 years, and having no children were significantly associated with future parenting desires among all subgroups. Among MSM, being black was associated with desiring children. Conclusions Approximately 40% of MSM, W, and MSW with HIV may want children, both at baseline and 96 weeks after ART initiation. These results highlight the need to regularly assess parenting goals, provide access to comprehensive reproductive services, and address prevention of vertical and heterosexual HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Gut Microbiota Alterations on Metabolic Comorbid Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. e359-e367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gelpi ◽  
Beate Vestad ◽  
Simen Hyll Hansen ◽  
Kristian Holm ◽  
Ninna Drivsholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Immunodeficiency ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Fold Excess

Abstract Background We aimed to identify a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related microbiota signature, independent of sexual preferences and demographic confounders, in order to assess a possible impact of the microbiome on metabolic comorbid conditions. Methods Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA analyses were performed on stool samples from 405 HIV-infected and 111 uninfected participants of the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study. Individuals were stratified according to sexual behavior (men who have sex with men [MSM] vs non-MSM). Results After excluding MSM-associated microbiota traits and adjusting for confounders, we identified an HIV-related microbiota signature, consisting of lower biodiversity, increased relative abundance of the bacterial clades Gammaproteobacteria and Desulfovibrionaceae and decrease in several Clostridia. This microbiota profile was associated with a 2-fold excess risk of metabolic syndrome, driven by increase in Desulfovibrionaceae and decrease in Clostridia (Butyrivibrio, Coprococcus 2, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 and CAG-56). This association was accentuated (5-fold excess risk) in individuals with previous severe immunodeficiency, which also modified the association between HIV-related microbiota signature and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area (P for interaction = .01). Accordingly, HIV-related microbiota was associated with 30-cm2 larger VAT in individuals with history of severe immunodeficiency, but not in those without. Conclusion The HIV-related microbiota was associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and VAT accumulation, particularly in individuals with previous severe immunodeficiency, driven by increased Desulfovibrionaceae and lower abundance of several Clostridia. Our findings suggest a potential interplay between HIV-related microbiota, immune dysfunction and metabolic comorbid conditions. Interventions targeting the gut microbiome may be warranted to reduce cardiovascular risk, particularly in individuals with previous immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals Decline in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Incidence in Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Progress to HCV Microelimination in the United Kingdom?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy J Garvey ◽  
Graham S Cooke ◽  
Colette Smith ◽  
Christoph Stingone ◽  
Indrajit Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Modeling of the London hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic in men who have sex with men (MSM) and are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suggested that early access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment may reduce incidence. With high rates of linkage to care, microelimination of HCV within MSM living with HIV may be realistic ahead of 2030 World Health Organization targets. We examined trends in HCV incidence in the pre- and post-DAA eras for MSM living with HIV in London and Brighton, United Kingdom. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at 5 HIV clinics in London and Brighton between 2013 and 2018. Each site reported all acute HCV episodes during the study period. Treatment timing data were collected. Incidence rates and reinfection proportion were calculated. Results A total of 378 acute HCV infections were identified, comprising 292 first infections and 86 reinfections. Incidence rates of acute HCV in MSM living with HIV peaked at 14.57/1000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.95–18.20) in 2015. Rates fell to 4.63/1000 PYFU (95% CI, 2.60 to 6.67) by 2018. Time from diagnosis to starting treatment declined from 29.8 (2013) to 3.7 months (2018). Conclusions We observed a 78% reduction in the incidence of first HCV episode and a 68% reduction in overall HCV incidence since the epidemic peak in 2015, which coincides with wider access to DAAs in England. Further interventions to reduce transmission, including earlier access to treatment and for reinfection, are likely needed for microelimination to be achieved in this population.

scholarly journals Herd Immunity Likely Protected the Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Recent Hepatitis A Outbreak in San Diego, California

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1228-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davey Smith ◽  
Christina Huynh ◽  
Adam J Moore ◽  
Andrew Frick ◽  
Christy Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract A high seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (81%) among human immunodeficiency virus–negative high-risk men who have sex with men is likely why this community was largely spared from a recent hepatitis A virus outbreak in San Diego, California.

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