scholarly journals Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Gut Microbiota Alterations on Metabolic Comorbid Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. e359-e367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gelpi ◽  
Beate Vestad ◽  
Simen Hyll Hansen ◽  
Kristian Holm ◽  
Ninna Drivsholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Immunodeficiency ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Fold Excess

Abstract Background We aimed to identify a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related microbiota signature, independent of sexual preferences and demographic confounders, in order to assess a possible impact of the microbiome on metabolic comorbid conditions. Methods Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA analyses were performed on stool samples from 405 HIV-infected and 111 uninfected participants of the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study. Individuals were stratified according to sexual behavior (men who have sex with men [MSM] vs non-MSM). Results After excluding MSM-associated microbiota traits and adjusting for confounders, we identified an HIV-related microbiota signature, consisting of lower biodiversity, increased relative abundance of the bacterial clades Gammaproteobacteria and Desulfovibrionaceae and decrease in several Clostridia. This microbiota profile was associated with a 2-fold excess risk of metabolic syndrome, driven by increase in Desulfovibrionaceae and decrease in Clostridia (Butyrivibrio, Coprococcus 2, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 and CAG-56). This association was accentuated (5-fold excess risk) in individuals with previous severe immunodeficiency, which also modified the association between HIV-related microbiota signature and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area (P for interaction = .01). Accordingly, HIV-related microbiota was associated with 30-cm2 larger VAT in individuals with history of severe immunodeficiency, but not in those without. Conclusion The HIV-related microbiota was associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and VAT accumulation, particularly in individuals with previous severe immunodeficiency, driven by increased Desulfovibrionaceae and lower abundance of several Clostridia. Our findings suggest a potential interplay between HIV-related microbiota, immune dysfunction and metabolic comorbid conditions. Interventions targeting the gut microbiome may be warranted to reduce cardiovascular risk, particularly in individuals with previous immunodeficiency.

Prevalence of Hepatitis A Immunity and Decision-tree Analysis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Are Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Tokyo

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Koibuchi ◽  
Michiko Koga ◽  
Tadashi Kikuchi ◽  
Taizo Horikomi ◽  
Yoshihiro Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Decision Tree Analysis ◽  
Decision Tree Algorithm ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can be sexually transmitted. However, the level of HAV immunity among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Japan is unknown. Determining the epidemiology of HAV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) and who are living with HIV is essential for an HAV vaccination program. This study examined HAV immunity in patients living with HIV and applied the decision-tree analysis to explore the factors of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-hepatitis A (HA) antibodies in MSM living with HIV. Methods We examined the presence of IgG-HA antibodies among patients living with HIV from January to December 2017 in The Hospital of The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo. We recorded each patient’s age, sex, mode of HIV transmission, year of HIV diagnosis, HAV vaccine status, history of HAV infection, and history of other infectious diseases. A decision-tree algorithm was used to reveal the factors and profiles most relevant to the anti-HAV prevalence. Results Overall, 378 MSM patients living with HIV were examined for IgG-HA antibodies. After excluding 24 patients who had received a HAV vaccine, the data of 354 MSM were analyzed (median age 45 years, interquartile range 39–51 years). Of the 354 patients, 60 (16.9%) were positive for IgG-HA antibodies. The HA positivity rate increased with patients’ age, and age (> 63.5 years) was extracted as the most important variable by classification of the decision-tree algorithm. Conclusions Our study, conducted just before the HAV outbreak among MSM in Tokyo, showed that age was the most relevant factor in anti-HAV prevalences. An extensive HAV vaccination program for MSM patients living with HIV is urgently needed, particularly for younger people.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Togo: A National Cross-sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Marie Ferré ◽  
Fifonsi A Gbeasor-Komlanvi ◽  
Gilles Collin ◽  
Anoumou Claver Dagnra ◽  
Quentin Le Hingrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
National Study ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan Africa is a region of both high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anal cancer incidence. We conducted the first national study in Togo to assess human papillomavirus (HPV), HIV, and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM recruited in 4 Togolese cities. Anal swabs were collected to test HPV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and 7 STIs. Results Among the 207 MSM, HIV and high-risk HPV (hrHPV) overall prevalence were 26.1% and 44.9%, respectively. The most common hrHPV types were HPV-35 (15.0%) and HPV-16 (13.0%). Prevalence of hrHPV and multiple HPV infections were higher among HIV-infected than among HIV-uninfected MSM (85.2% vs 30.7%, P < 10–5 and 85.2% vs 28.7%, P < 10–5, respectively). Other STIs, except hepatitis B virus, were also more prevalent among HIV-infected MSM (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, P = .03; Mycoplasma genitalium, P = .04; HSV-2, P = .001; and a trend for Chlamydia trachomatis, P = .06). In multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]), HIV (10.1 [4.0–25.6]), living in Lomé (2.8 [1.1–7.1]), HSV-2 excretion (26.7 [2.9–244.3]), C. trachomatis (11.7 [2.3–58.9]), and M. genitalium infection (9.6 [3.1–29.9]) were associated with increased risk of hrHPV infection. Conclusions We report a high burden of anal STIs with an unusual hrHPV type distribution among MSM, highlighting the critical need of implementation of a national strategy regarding prevention of STIs and vaccination against HPV.

scholarly journals Genetic Network Analysis to Assess the Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Seeking Partners on the Internet

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C S Martin ◽  
Antoine Chaillon ◽  
Susannah K Graves ◽  
Timothy Lin ◽  
Sara Gianella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Genetic Linkage Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Online partner seeking (OPS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) is associated with increased risk behavior including frequency of unprotected anal intercourse, number of partners, and incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, the impact on transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is uncertain. Methods MSM diagnosed with acute and early HIV infection were recruited from the Primary Infection Resource Consortium. HIV transmission events in the year following infection were inferred using estimated date of infection combined with genetic network analysis with linked sequences defined as ≤0.015 sequences/site difference in the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) pol coding region. Participants completed a detailed baseline questionnaire including reported methods of meeting sexual partners, including OPS, in the prior 3 months, and regression was performed with inferred transmission as the outcome. Results From 147 MSM who completed the questionnaire, there were an associated 20 inferred HIV transmissions. No association with OPS was found (odds ratio, 0.64 [95% confidence interval, .24–1.69]; P = .37), though individuals who reported OPS were more likely to have reported a greater number of partners (P = .003) and prior STIs (P = .002). Geospatial analysis did not indicate that OPS was associated with increased geographical reach of the user (P = .68). Conclusions Individuals reporting OPS did not have increased odds of inferred HIV-1 transmission in the year following infection using genetic linkage analysis despite apparently increased risk behavior. OPS also did not increase the geographic distance between genetically clustered HIV infections, suggesting that individuals mainly use the internet to meet partners in their local region.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence and risk factors in dialysis patients with human immunodeficiency virus: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Patel ◽  
Jennifer L Waller ◽  
Stephanie L Baer ◽  
Vanessa Spearman ◽  
Mufaddal Kheda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis have an increased risk of developing malignancies, but few data are available on cancer in patients with both conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of selected malignancies and identify their potential risk factors in HIV-infected dialysis patients. Methods This study was a nationwide cohort analysis using the US Renal Data System. Participants included all HIV-infected patients starting dialysis from 2005 to 2011. HIV status, comorbidities and malignancies were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear models quantifying risk factors were performed for the overall cohort and the three most common malignancies. Results Overall, 6641 HIV-infected dialysis patients were identified, with 543 (8.2%) carrying a malignancy diagnosis. The most common malignancies were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL, 25%), Kaposi sarcoma (KS, 16%) and colorectal cancer (13%). Factors increasing the risk of any malignancy diagnosis included: history of cancer [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 5.37], two or more acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining opportunistic infections (ADOIs) (aRR = 3.11), one ADOI (aRR = 2.23), cirrhosis (aRR = 2.20), male sex (aRR = 1.54) and hepatitis B (aRR = 1.52). For NHL and colorectal cancer, history of cancer (aRR = 7.05 and 9.80, respectively) was the most significant risk factor. For KS, two or more ADOIs (aRR = 6.78) was the largest risk factor. Conclusions Over 8% of HIV-infected dialysis patients developed a malignancy. History of cancer and ADOIs were major risk factors, underscoring the significance of immune dysregulation in malignancy development.

scholarly journals Lepromatous Leprosy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Rare Co-infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Len A. Camaclang ◽  
Eileen Liesl A. Cubillan
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Atypical Clinical Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunological Recovery

We report a 23-year-old male with lepromatous leprosy atypically presenting with 5-year history of asymptomatic, verrucous papules, and nodules. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing was positive with depressed CD4 count. In HIV/leprosy co-infection, most of the documented patients were diagnosed with paucibacillary leprosy as immune reconstitution disease (IRD) from treatment-induced immunological recovery. Rarely, multibacillary lepromatous leprosy is encountered in the setting of untreated, severe immunodeficiency. Atypical clinical presentation warrants investigation for concurrent HIV infection.

scholarly journals Correlates of group sex participation among men who have sex with men in Chongqing, Southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Chen ◽  
Hui Fan ◽  
Huailiang Chen ◽  
Feifei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Southwestern China ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Group Sex

Abstract Background Findings from specific countries indicated group sex was common among men who have sex with men (MSM), and men who reported group sex participation were at increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The purpose of the current analysis was to describe the prevalence and correlates of group sex participation among a community-based sample of MSM in Chongqing, southwestern China. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants and data were collected through an anonymous questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify correlates of group sex participation. Results Overall, 1151 eligible participants were enrolled in the study. 14.7% of MSM reported participating in group sex in their lifetime, and 5.8% reported group sex participation in the prior 6 months. Factors positively associated with group sex participation in both the prior 6 months and the lifetime included: monthly income ≥3000 Yuan (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–10.75; aOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.21–4.35), initiating anal sex before 18 years old (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.03–3.34; aOR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.31–3.05), using gay apps to seek sex partners (aOR = 7.41, 95% CI 2.57–21.33; aOR = 9.75, 95% CI 4.92–19.33), recreational drug use (aOR = 10.10, 95% CI 5.52–18.49; aOR = 4.75, 95% CI 3.20–7.05) and having condomless internal ejaculation (CIE) (aOR = 3.66, 95% CI 2.01–6.68; aOR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.11–2.35). Factors only associated with group sex participation in the lifetime were older age (age between 26 and 35 years old: aOR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.30–3.26; age > 35 years old: aOR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.10–3.46) and history of STIs (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.37–4.62). Conclusions The results of this study suggested that group sex participation was a potentially risky context for acquisition and transmission of HIV/STIs. Close attention should be given to MSM who participated in group sex, and appropriate risk reduction interventions should be developed specific to this subgroup of MSM.

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