Decreased amino acid uptake by erythrocytes during postoperative sepsis

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
N B Roberts ◽  
R Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Postoperative Sepsis ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization

Abstract We describe a patient with postoperative sepsis associated with reduced ability to transport amino acids into erythrocytes. Administration of amino acid infusion showed no effect on plasma or red blood cell concentrations of the amino acids during the sepsis period. However, when the site of sepsis was removed, patient recovery was associated with marked increases of all amino acids, particularly in the red blood cells. The case illustrates the potential of red blood cells as a marker of amino acid utilization and demonstrates the association of sepsis with effects on cellular uptake.

Removal of infused amino acids by splanchnic and leg tissues in humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. E407-E413 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gelfand ◽  
M. G. Glickman ◽  
R. Jacob ◽  
R. S. Sherwin ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Significant Uptake ◽  
Branched Chain

To compare the contributions of splanchnic and skeletal muscle tissues to the disposal of intravenously administered amino acids, regional amino acid exchange was measured across the splanchnic bed and leg in 11 normal volunteers. Postabsorptively, net release of amino acids by leg (largely alanine and glutamine) was complemented by the net splanchnic uptake of amino acids. Amino acid infusion via peripheral vein (0.2 g X kg-1 X h-1) caused a doubling of plasma insulin and glucagon levels and a threefold rise in blood amino acid concentrations. Both splanchnic and leg tissues showed significant uptake of infused amino acids. Splanchnic tissues accounted for approximately 70% of the total body amino acid nitrogen disposal; splanchnic uptake was greatest for the glucogenic amino acids but also included significant quantities of branched-chain amino acids. In contrast, leg amino acid uptake was dominated by the branched-chain amino acids. Based on the measured leg balance, body skeletal muscle was estimated to remove approximately 25-30% of the total infused amino acid load and approximately 65-70% of the infused branched-chain amino acids. Amino acid infusion significantly stimulated both the leg efflux and the splanchnic uptake of glutamine (not contained in the infusate). We conclude that when amino acids are infused peripherally in normal humans, splanchnic viscera (liver and gut) are the major sites of amino acid disposal.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in uptake of short-chain neutral amino acid by red blood cells and hepatocytes in trout (Salmo trutta).

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (21) ◽  
pp. 2781-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Gallardo ◽  
P Canals ◽  
J L Albi ◽  
J Pesquero ◽  
J Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Uptake

The present study shows that the capacity of trout (Salmo trutta) red blood cells (RBCs) and freshly isolated hepatocytes to take up short-chain neutral amino acids changes according to a seasonal pattern. Maximal amino acid uptake rates in RBCs were obtained in winter and spring, while minima were seen in summer and autumn. In contrast, the maximal rates for the freshly isolated hepatocytes were obtained in autumn and winter, and the minima were seen in spring and summer. In addition, by studying the uptake of glycine, evidence was found that the activities of the amino acids carriers ASC, asc and Gly in RBCs varied according to a seasonal rhythm. The activity of the ASC and asc systems changed in parallel with the global uptake of amino acids. Moreover, the RBC:plasma concentration ratio for certain substrates of these carriers (alanine, serine and glycine) varied accordingly. In contrast, the activity of the Gly system was modified inversely with respect to the overall amino acid uptake. The activity of the ASC system in freshly isolated hepatocytes was also seasonally modified, reaching a maximum in autumn, shortly before the reproductive period.

scholarly journals Prolonged amino acid infusion into intrauterine growth-restricted fetal sheep increases leucine oxidation rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. E1143-E1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra G. Wai ◽  
Paul J. Rozance ◽  
Stephanie R. Wesolowski ◽  
William W. Hay ◽  
Laura D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Leucine Oxidation ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Oxidation Rates

Overcoming impaired growth in an intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetus has potential to improve neonatal morbidity, long-term growth, and metabolic health outcomes. The extent to which fetal anabolic capacity persists as the IUGR condition progresses is not known. We subjected fetal sheep to chronic placental insufficiency and tested whether prolonged amino acid infusion would increase protein accretion in these IUGR fetuses. IUGR fetal sheep were infused for 10 days with either mixed amino acids providing ~2 g·kg−1·day−1 (IUGR-AA) or saline (IUGR-Sal) during late gestation. At the end of the infusion, fetal plasma leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, and arginine concentrations were higher in the IUGR-AA than IUGR-Sal group ( P < 0.05). Fetal plasma glucose, oxygen, insulin, IGF-1, cortisol, and norepinephrine concentrations were similar between IUGR groups, but glucagon concentrations were fourfold higher in the IUGR-AA group ( P < 0.05). Net umbilical amino acid uptake rate did not differ between IUGR groups; thus the total amino acid delivery rate (net umbilical amino acid uptake + infusion rate) was higher in the IUGR-AA than IUGR-Sal group (30 ± 4 vs. 19 ± 1 μmol·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.05). Net umbilical glucose, lactate, and oxygen uptake rates were similar between IUGR groups. Fetal leucine oxidation rate, measured using a leucine tracer, was higher in the IUGR-AA than IUGR-Sal group (2.5 ± 0.3 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3 μmol·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.05). Fetal protein accretion rate was not statistically different between the IUGR groups (1.6 ± 0.4 and 0.8 ± 0.3 μmol·kg−1·min−1 in IUGR-AA and IUGR-Sal, respectively) due to variability in response to amino acids. Prolonged amino acid infusion into IUGR fetal sheep increased leucine oxidation rates with variable anabolic response.

Effect of infusion of a protein hydrolysate on blood cell amino acid distributions

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Lund ◽  
Rapier H. McMenamy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization

The relationships between the concentrations of unbound amino acids in the plasma and erythrocytes, together with amino acid utilization, are studied during the intravenous infusion of a protein hydrolysate in adults. Concentrations of alanine, proline, tyrosine, histidine, valine, phenalanine, leucine plus isoleucine, and urea increase in both the plasma and the erythrocytes. Lysine and methionine concentrations change much less in the erythrocytes than in the plasma. Ornithine and serine plus glycine concentrations in the erythrocytes do not change. It is concluded that amino acids with hydrophobic groups equilibrate readily whereas glycine and amino acids which contain charged or hydroxyl groups equilibrate poorly across the erythrocyte membrane. The changes in glutamine and alanine concentrations during and after infusion suggest that the infused amount of these two amino acids is less than optimum. An expression for amino acid uptake is given.

scholarly journals Net Hepatic Gluconeogenic Amino Acid Uptake in Response to Peripheral versus Portal Amino Acid Infusion in Conscious Dogs

1999 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 2218-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Courtney Moore ◽  
Po-Shiuan Hsieh ◽  
Paul J. Flakoll ◽  
Doss W. Neal ◽  
Alan D. Cherrington
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion

Gamma-Glutamyl-Amino Acids as Signals for the Hormonal Regulation of Amino Acid Uptake by the Mammary Gland of the Lactating Rat

Neonatology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. Viña ◽  
Inmaculada R. Puertes ◽  
Juan B. Montoro ◽  
Guillermo T. Saez ◽  
José Viña
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl

scholarly journals Action of growth hormone in vitro on the net uptake and incorporation into protein of amino acids in muscle from intact rabbits given protein-deficient diets

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Turner ◽  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
K. A. Munday
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation

1. Net amino acid uptake, and incorporation into protein have been measured in vitro in the presence and absence of porcine growth hormone (GH) in muscle from intact rabbits fed for 5 d on low-protein (LP), protein-free (PF) or control diets.2. In muscle from control and LP animals GH had no effect on the net amino acid uptake but stimulated amino acid incorporation into protein, although this response was less in LP animals than in control animals.3. In muscle from PF animals, GH stimulated both amino acid incorporation into protein and the net amino acid uptake, a type of response which also occurs in hypophysectomized animals. The magnitude of the effect of GH on the incorporation of amino acids into protein was reduced in muscle from PF animals.4. The effect of GH on the net amino acid uptake in PF animals was completely blocked by cycloheximide; the uptake effect of GH in these animals was dependent therefore on de novo protein synthesis.5. It is proposed that in the adult the role of growth hormone in protein metabolism is to sustain cellular protein synthesis when there is a decrease in the level of substrate amino acids, similar to that which occurs during a short-term fast or when the dietary protein intake is inadequate.

The uptake of amino acids by mouse cells (strain LS) during growth in batch culture and chemostat culture: the influence of cell growth rate

1967 ◽  
Vol 168 (1013) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Acid Uptake

The uptake of thirteen essential amino acids by mouse LS cells in suspension culture was determined by bacteriological assay methods. Chemostat continuous-flow cultures were used to determine the effect of different cell growth rates on the quantitative amino acid requirements for growth. The growth yields of the cells ( Y = g cell dry weight produced/g amino acid utilized) were calculated for each of the essential amino acids. A mixture of the non-essential amino acids, serine, alanine and glycine increased the cell yield from the essential amino acids. The growth yields from nearly all the essential amino acids in batch culture were increased when glutamic acid was substituted for the glutamine in the medium. The growth yields from the amino acids in batch culture were much less at the beginning than at the end of the culture. The highest efficiencies of conversion of amino acids to cell material were obtained by chemostat culture. When glutamic acid largely replaced the glutamine in the medium the conversion of amino acid nitrogen to cell nitrogen was 100 % efficient (that is, the theoretical yield was obtained) at the optimum growth rate (cell doubling time, 43 h). The maximum population density a given amino acid mixture will support can be calculated from the data. It is concluded that in several routinely used tissue culture media the cell growth is limited by the amino acid supply. In batch culture glutamine was wasted by (1) its spontaneous decomposition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and ammonia, and (2) its enzymic breakdown to glutamic acid and ammonia, but also glutamine was used less efficiently than glutamic acid. Study of the influence of cell growth rate on amino acid uptake rates per unit mass of cells indicated that a marked change in amino acid metabolism occurred at a specific growth rate of 0.4 day -1 (cell doubling time, 43 h). With decrease in specific growth rate below 0.4 day -1 there was a marked stimulation of amino acid uptake rate per cell and essential amino acids were consumed increasingly for functions other than synthesis of cell material.

scholarly journals Action of insulin and growth hormone on protein synthesis in muscle from non-hypophysectomized rabbits

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
K. A. Munday ◽  
M. R. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Acid Uptake

The separate effects of insulin and growth hormone on the uptake and incorporation of five amino acids into diaphragm muscle from non-hypophysectomized rabbits has been examined. Both growth hormone and insulin, when present in the medium separately, stimulated the incorporation into protein of the amino acids, leucine, arginine, valine, lysine and histidine. Insulin also stimulated amino acid uptake, but growth hormone did not. When insulin and growth hormone were present in the incubation medium together, the uptake and incorporation of valine, the only amino acid studied under these conditions, tended to be greater than the sum of the separate effects of the two hormones.

Amino acid uptake systems in Bacteroides ruminicola

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselynn M. W. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Kinetic Inhibition

Uptake of amino acids by Bacteroides ruminicola was observed in cells grown in a complete defined medium, containing ammonia as the nitrogen source. A high rate of uptake occurred only in fresh medium, as an inhibitory substance, possibly acetate, apparently accumulated during growth. All amino acids except proline were taken up and incorporated into cold trichloroacetic acid precipitable material. Different patterns of incorporation and different responses to 2,4-dinitrophenol and potassium ferricyanide indicated multiple uptake systems were involved. Kinetic inhibition patterns suggested six distinct systems were present for amino acid uptake, with specificities related to the chemical structures of the amino acids. Thus, the failure of free amino acids to act as sole nitrogen sources for growth of B. ruminicola is not due to the absence of transport systems for these compounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document