An Ultramicro Method for the Estimation of Plasma Cholesterol

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Duboff ◽  
W W Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Estrogen Activity ◽  
Finger Tip ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
Similar Decrease

Abstract A procedure is outlined for the ultramicro determination of total cholesterol that gives results in excellent agreement with classic methods. The determination requires 40 µl. of plasma obtained from a finger-tip puncture and special handling of precipitated proteins. By the use of the described procedure plasma cholesterol levels have been estimated 4 times daily over a period of 8 weeks in young men undergoing rigorous physical training and 3 times daily in women during the menstrual cycle. A striking fall in total plasma cholesterol was observed in men following physical conditioning in contrast to controls, and a similar decrease was observed in women with normal menstrual cycles in contrast to women with an anovulatory menses. It is suggested that the total cholesterol decrease in the female coincides with the phase in the menstrual cycle when estrogen activity is maximal and that the lowering of total cholesterol in men, following physical conditioning, may be due to an increased production of endogenous androgens with a consequent increase in conversion of these steroids to estrogens.

scholarly journals Pengaruh propolis terhadap profil lipid plasma tikus model hiperkolesterolemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Krisnansari Diah ◽  
Ariadne Tiara Hapsari ◽  
Evy Sulistyoningrum ◽  
Agus Prastowo
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After

Background: Nowadays, cardiovascular disease caused by hypercholesterolemia has become the main cause of death. Propolis has been used widely to reduce plasma cholesterol levels.Objective: The aims of this research was to study the effect of propolis on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley rats.Method: This was an experimental study with pre-post test. Twenty four (24) male Sprague Dawley rats aged 12-16 week old, weighing 125-200 g were allocated into 4 groups. Group I received standard meal + aquadest-gavage; group II received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + aquadest gavage; group III received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + 0,027 g propolis gavage; group IV received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + 0,054 g propolis gavage. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels before and after treatment were measured. The data were then analyzed with One Way Anova.Results: The study showed that there were no significant differences in changes of body weight. There were significant differences in total cholesterol levels between all groups of treatment. Triglyceride levels were significantly different among all groups, except between group I and IV. Furthermore, the HDL cholesterol levels of group I vs III and group I vs IV were significantly different. However, there were no differences found in LDL cholesterol levels among all groups of treatment.Conclusion: Provision of 0,027 g and 0,054 g propolis improve lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels) of hypercholesterolemic rats.

Plasma Cholesterol Levels of 6585 Children in the United States: Results of the Know Your Body Screening in Five States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-976
Author(s):  
Ken Resnicow ◽  
Jane Morley-kotchen ◽  
Ernst Wynder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
School Health ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
American Children

Medical and public health recommendations regarding detection and treatment of hyperlipidemia in children have generally been based on two principal epidemiologic studies: the Lipids Research Clinics Population Study (1972 to 1976) and the Bogalusa Heart Study (1973 to 1974). The present study was initiated to further describe the distribution of plasma cholesterol levels in a multiracial sample of American children. Between 1984 and 1988, the total cholesterol levels of 6585 children from 22 schools were measured as part of the Know Your Body School Health Program. For the entire population, ages 5 to 18 years, the mean total cholesterol concentration was 166.4 mg/dL. Total cholesterol was significantly greater in girls (168 mg/dL) than in boys (165 mg/dL), although sex differences were inconsistent across race/ethnicity. The mean value for blacks, 173 mg/dL, and Hispanics, 168 mg/dL, was higher than for Asians, 165 mg/dL, and whites, 163 mg/dL. Across race/ethnicity, values tended to peak between ages 8 and 10 years for girls and approximately 10 years of age for boys. These values are slightly higher than those reported in the Lipids Research Clinics and Bogalusa studies. Public health implications of these findings are discussed.

Plasma and Red Cell Cholesterol

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Fels ◽  
Eugene Kanabrocki ◽  
Ervin Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cortisone Injection ◽  
Fat Feeding

Abstract The experimental production of hypercholesteremia in rabbits by three independent methods—namely, high-fat feeding, cortisone injection, and Tween-80 injection—results in an elevated plasma total cholesterol, whereas the total RBC cholesterol remains constant. Previous work on plasma and red cell cholesterol in humans has been substantiated. Normal total plasma and red cell cholesterol values are 187 ± 32 and 129 ± 20 mg.%, respectively. Elevated plasma total cholesterol occurring in coronary arteriosclerosis, diabetes, nephritis, hypothyroid, Hodgkin's disease, and obesity does not affect the erythrocyte levels. Elevated erythrocyte total cholesterol levels occur in sickle cell and pernicious anemia accompanied by slightly sub-normal plasma levels. A hypothesis is advanced to explain the variability of plasma cholesterol and the relative constancy of red cell cholesterol.

Evidence of age-dependent genetic influences on plasma total cholesterol

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Middelberg ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
John B. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Genetically Determined

Background Causes of variation in cardiovascular risk factors include biological variation within individuals, and more permanent differences between individuals, which are at least partly genetic in origin. We have compared the magnitude of genetic and non-genetic factors within and across occasions through repeated measures of plasma cholesterol in twin subjects, and have also determined how far the same genes affect cholesterol levels at different ages. Methods Data on plasma total cholesterol were extracted for 208 twin pairs who had provided blood on up to six occasions across a period of 17 years. They were aged 18–30 years at the time of first study and 30–47 at the time of the last. Multivariate models of variation due to genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental factors were fitted to the multi-occasion data and the proportions of variation due to these factors were estimated. Results One genetic factor influenced plasma cholesterol on all occasions and a second genetic factor only influenced cholesterol results on the fifth and sixth occasions 10–17 years after the first. Environmental factors did not have significant long-term effects. Conclusions We conclude that individuals’ long-term mean plasma cholesterol values are strongly genetically determined, but that some of these genes are age-specific in their effects.

scholarly journals INHERITANCE OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN MICE

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
Robert S Weibust
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Cumulative Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

ABSTRACT Mean plasma cholesterol levels were determined at two ages in mice from eight unrelated inbred strains (BALB/cJ, BDP/J, CBA/J, C57BL/6J, LP/J, RF/J, SJL/J, and 129/J). Significant strain, sex, and age differences were observed. Estimates of the degree of genetic determination of the trait obtained from an analysis of the strain data averaged 58 ± 4% for the males and 54 ± 8% for the females.—Selection for high and low plasma cholesterol levels produced two significantly different and distinct lines. Selection was initiated in a genetically heterogeneous population derived from an eight-way cross of the inbred strains listed above. After five generations of selection the divergence of the high and low lines amounted to 4 phenotypic standard deviations of the foundation population. Realized heritability estimated from the regression of divergence on the combined cumulative selection differential was 51 ± 5% for the males and 50 ± 3% for the females. The results indicate that genetic factors are important in controlling plasma cholesterol levels in the mouse and that the majority of these factors act additively.

Soyasaponins Lowered Plasma Cholesterol and Increased Fecal Bile Acids in Female Golden Syrian Hamsters

2005 ◽  
Vol 230 (7) ◽  
pp. 472-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Ok Lee ◽  
Andrean L. Simons ◽  
Patricia A. Murphy ◽  
Suzanne Hendrich
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Fecal Bile Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cholesterol Status

A study was conducted in hamsters to determine if group B soyasaponins improve plasma cholesterol status by increasing the excretion of fecal bile acids and neutral sterols, to identify group B soyasaponin metabolites, and to investigate the relationship between a fecal group B soyasaponin metabolite and plasma lipids. Twenty female golden Syrian hamsters, 11–12 weeks old and 85–125 g, were randomly assigned to a control diet or a similar diet containing group B soyasaponins (containing no isoflavones), 2.2 mmol/kg, for 4 weeks. Hamsters fed group B soyasaponins had significantly lower plasma total cholesterol (by 20%), non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (by 33%), and triglycerides (by 18%) compared with those fed casein (P < 0.05). The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol was significantly lower (by 13%) in hamsters fed group B soyasaponins than in those fed casein (P < 0.05). The excretion of fecal bile acids and neutral sterols was significantly greater (by 105% and 85%, respectively) in soyasaponin-fed hamsters compared with those fed casein (P < 0.05). Compared with casein, group B soyasaponins lowered plasma total cholesterol levels and non-HDL cholesterol levels by a mechanism involving greater excretion of fecal bile acids and neutral sterols. Hamsters fed group B soyasaponins statistically clustered into two fecal soyasaponin metabolite–excretion phenotypes: high excreters (n = 3) and low excreters (n = 7). When high and low producers of this soyasaponin metabolite were compared for plasma cholesterol status, the high producers showed a significantly lower total-cholesterol-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio compared with the low producers (1.38 ± 0.7 vs. 1.59 ± 0.13; P < 0.03). Greater production of group B soyasaponin metabolite in hamsters was associated with better plasma cholesterol status, suggesting that gut microbial variation in soyasaponin metabolism may influence the health effects of group B soyasaponins.

Effect of triglyceride and total cholesterol levels on the pharmacokinetics of clozapine in clozapine medicated patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Schoretsanitis ◽  
S Lammertz ◽  
C Hiemke ◽  
G Janssen ◽  
G Gründer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE EXTRAKTION DES ROTEN KOBER-FARBSTOFFS DURCH ORGANISCHE LÖSUNGSMITTEL ZUR ÖSTROGENBESTIMMUNG IM HARN

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (I) ◽  
pp. 34-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Ittrich
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Organische Lösungsmittel ◽  
Colour Complex

ABSTRACT A series of organic solvents and phenol derivatives have been examined for the extraction of the pink Kober-colour complex. Optimal results could be achieved for fluorimetry by a solution of 2 % (w/v) p-nitrophenol and 1 % (v/v) ethanol in acetylenetetrabromide, when the green mercury line (546 mμ was used as primary light. The sensitivity, stability and specificity have been improved, compared with the previously described reaction. By changing the sequence of purification steps and by reducing the volume of the urine sample (5 ml) the method for the determination of total oestrogens has been simplified. Approximately 10 determinations can be done within 3–4 hours by one person. Recovery experiments and comparative determinations with a previously described method have been carried out. The excretion of total oestrogens in a complete menstrual cycle is determined with the described method.

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