scholarly journals Coevolutionary Interactions Between Common Cuckoos and Corn Buntings

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Antonov ◽  
Bård G. Stokke ◽  
Arne Moksnes ◽  
Eivin RØskaft
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Egg Discrimination ◽  
Old World ◽  
Corn Bunting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
Reed Bunting

Abstract Although Old World buntings (Emberizinae) may be considered suitable Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) hosts, there is at present no evidence that any of the European species are regularly parasitized. Most historical parasitism records refer to the Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) and Reed Bunting (E. schoeniclus). Both of these species reject almost 100% of experimentally added nonmimetic eggs, and also a considerable proportion of experimentally added conspecific eggs, showing exquisite egg discrimination abilities. In this paper, we report Common Cuckoo parasitism and egg rejection behavior in a Bulgarian population of another Old World Emberizinae, the Corn Bunting (Miliaria calandra). We found this species was regularly parasitized (9%, 8 of 90 nests) and that the parasitism rate was consistent among the three years of our study. Naturally laid Common Cuckoo eggs were fairly good mimics of host eggs and most were accepted (5 of 7). The Corn Bunting proved to be a suitable Common Cuckoo host as we recorded a successfully fledged cuckoo chick. Unlike Yellowhammers and Reed Buntings, Corn Buntings rejected only 42% (16 of 38) of experimentally introduced nonmimetic model Common Cuckoo eggs and none of the experimentally introduced conspecific eggs (n  =  13). Parasitized nests had more and higher trees in the vicinity than unparasitized nests and breeding habitat characteristics may explain the difference in egg discrimination abilities between Corn Buntings and other Old World Emberizinae.

scholarly journals Do Some Northern Goshawk Nest Areas Consistently Fledge More Young Than Others?

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Erica L. McClaren ◽  
Patricia L. Kennedy ◽  
Sarah R. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Accipiter Gentilis ◽  
Uinta Mountains ◽  
Northern Goshawk ◽  
Jemez Mountains

Abstract In long-lived raptors, research suggests that some nest areas consistently fledge more young than others, with the majority of young in the population being produced by a few females. If this claim were true for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) populations, it would benefit land managers to identify high-quality goshawk breeding habitat. We examined whether the number of young fledged varied spatially among Northern Goshawk nest areas within three study areas where long-term reproductive data from goshawks were available: (1) Vancouver Island, British Columbia; (2) Jemez Mountains, New Mexico; and (3) Uinta Mountains, Utah. A mixed-model ANOVA indicated there was minimal spatial variation in nest productivity among nest areas within the three study locations. Rather, nest areas exhibited high temporal variability in nest productivity within each study area. These results suggest that temporal patterns such as local weather and fluctuating prey populations influenced Northern Goshawk reproduction more than spatial patterns such as habitat characteristics. Nest productivity may inadequately reflect spatial patterns in goshawk reproduction and so it would be premature to assume that habitat quality for Northern Goshawks was equal among nest areas within these study areas. Future research should examine spatial variability among nest areas in adult and juvenile survival rates to gain a complete picture of population responses to habitat change. ¿Se Producen Consistentemente Más Volantones de Accipiter gentilis en Algunos Sitios de Anidación que en Otros? Resumen. Investigaciones en aves rapaces longevas sugieren que consistentemente más polluelos empluman en algunos sitios de anidación que en otros y que la mayoría de los juveniles en la población son producidos por unas pocas hembras. Si esto fuera cierto para poblaciones de Accipiter gentilis, ayudaría a las autoridades ambientales a identificar hábitat reproductivo de alta calidad para la especie. Evaluamos si el número de polluelos emplumados varió espacialmente entre sitios de anidación de A. gentilis dentro de tres áreas de estudio para las cuales había datos reproductivos de largo plazo disponibles: (1) Vancouver Island, British Columbia; (2) Jemez Mountains, New Mexico; y (3) Uinta Mountains, Utah. Un modelo mixto de análisis de varianza indicó que la variación espacial en la productividad de los nidos entre sitios de anidación dentro de las tres áreas de estudio fue mínima. En cambio, los sitios de anidación presentaron una alta variabilidad temporal en la productividad de los nidos dentro de cada área de estudio. Estos resultados sugieren que los patrones temporales como el clima y las fluctuaciones de las poblaciones de presas influencian la reproducción de A. gentilis más que los patrones espaciales como las características del hábitat. La productividad de los nidos puede reflejar inadecuadamente los patrones espaciales de la reproducción de A. gentilis, de modo que sería prematuro suponer que la calidad de hábitat fue igual entre los sitios de anidación dentro de las áreas de estudio. Para tener una perspectiva completa de la respuesta de las poblaciones a cambios en el ambiente, investigaciones futuras deberían examinar la variabilidad espacial entre sitios de anidación en las tasas de supervivencia de aves adultas y juveniles.

Habitat use by Harlequin Ducks breeding in Hebron Fiord, Labrador

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
North American Population ◽  
American Population ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Harlequin Ducks

Understanding of breeding habitat requirements is vital to recovery plans for the endangered eastern North American population of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus). I compared habitat characteristics and benthic invertebrate fauna between streams in Hebron Fiord, Labrador, used and unused by Harlequin Ducks in 1996. Used streams were narrower, had higher pH and temperature, a larger substrate, steeper shorelines, and greater vegetation cover on islands and shorelines than unused streams. Greater numbers of invertebrates were recovered from kick samples, simuliid larvae and plecopteran nymphs were more frequent, and chironomid larvae and emphemeropteran nymphs were less frequent in used than in unused streams. Results from this study will help focus future survey and conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Habitat characteristics with an. barbirostris larva density in Bulukumba

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 06019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryadi Iwan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Bulukumba is a malaria endemic area in South Sulawesi with malaria cases reported annually, An.barbirostris as a potential vector of malaria in the area. This study aims to analyze habitat characteristics with a density of An. barbirostris larvae The method used is an observational study with ecological survey design through the cross-sectional approach of samples in the form of Anopheles larvae habitat. Bivariate analysis shows physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors. water temperature significant to the density of larva An.barbirostris with p-value = 0,002. Multivariate test using linear regression to know the most influential variables, it is known that the variables that have the most influence on the density of larvae An. barbirostris in endemic area Bulukumba is water temperature p = 0,002. Environmental factors such as salinity, aquatic plant, plants around, predators and crops along with water temperature are factors that support the density of An. barbirostris larvae Control can be done with environmental management, especially interventions on Anopheles sp larvae breeding habitat, by sowing predator fish seeds, habitat modification and manipulation. modification of anopheles habitat by covering habitats and carrying out development can reduce larval nutrition so as to reduce carbon in the soil which results in a decrease in larval density.

HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND GRASSHOPPER COMMUNITY DYNAMICS ON MIXED-GRASS RANGELAND

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Quinn ◽  
R.L. Kepner ◽  
D.D. Walgenbach ◽  
R.A. Bohls ◽  
P.D. Pooler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Agropyron Smithii ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
The Difference

AbstractA study was conducted in Butte County of western South Dakota to determine the relationships between habitat characteristics and spatial and temporal changes in community structure of grasshoppers on mixed-grass rangeland. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of 29 undisturbed grasshopper communities and correlation analysis of DCA axis values and habitat variables denned specific spatial gradients underlying the community structure of grasshoppers. Results indicated that grasshopper communities changed along a primary gradient of percentage of coverage of grasses, particularly Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., and a secondary gradient of percentage composition of clay and sand in the soil.DCA of 24 grasshopper communities sampled in 1986 and 1987, multiple regression analysis, and factor analysis were used to determine the relationships between specific habitat characteristics and changes in communities of grasshoppers treated with either a nonselective insecticidal spray (malathion) or a selective insecticidal bait (bran bait with carbaryl). Results indicated that between-year change in community composition, or the difference between post-treatment communities in 1986 and 1987, was positively correlated with percentage of coverage of total grasses and forbs. Community malleability, defined as the tendency of a community to return to its predisturbed state, was greater in habitats with high coverages of Agropyron smithii Rydb. and Carex spp., low coverage of Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud., and low species richness of grasses. Our results emphasize the importance of habitat characteristics in structuring undisturbed grasshopper communities and in community change after perturbation with insecticides.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF WILD OATS, AVENA FATUA, AND OTHER ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES OF AVENEAE AND HORDEAE

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Kirk ◽  
T. K. Pavlychenko
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Nodal Tissue

Following the discovery that small sections of wild oats seedlings could become rerooted and develop into normal plants, a study was undertaken to determine from what part or parts of the seedlings new growth can originate, and whether cultivated oats, wheat, barley and spring rye, would behave in a similar manner. Special attention was given to the problem of vegetative propagation in wild oats as a factor in the control of this weed.Small sections of wild oats seedlings, one inch in length and containing the coleoptile node, became rerooted under favorable conditions and produced fully developed plants. Cultivated oats behaved in a similar manner to wild oats in this respect, but the latter produced the more vigorous growth.When land is infested with wild oats and is plowed shallow, or cultivated shortly after the seedlings have emerged from the soil, a considerable proportion of them, under certain conditions, may produce new plants by vegetative regrowth. The extent to which this may occur in the field depends largely on the soil moisture as well as on other conditions which facilitate rerooting, such as shallow plowing, and packing when conditions for plant growth are favorable.With young seedlings of wild oats at time of emergence, regrowth occurred mostly from a small area located between ground level and one inch below the surface. The same was found to be true of cultivated oats. With seedlings of wheat, barley and spring rye, at time of emergence, regrowth originated only from nodal tissue close to the seed. The difference in this respect, between oats, Aveneae, on the one hand, and wheat, barley and rye, Hordeae, on the other, is due to the fact that the area of elongation in oats is the mesocotyl, whereas in other cereals it is the first internode.At later stages in seedling development of both oats and the other cereals, nodes which were capable of regrowth developed immediately below and above the ground level. With older seedlings in the first-, second-, and third-leaf stage, the youngest node above ground, which is the one nearest the soil, had the greatest power of regrowth.

Influence of Water Speed on Tadpoles of Ranidella signifera and R. riparia (Anura:Leptodactylidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Odendaal ◽  
CM Bull
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Flinders Ranges ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Speed

Ranidella riparia is restricted to the Flinders Ranges of South Australia. and has a distribution largely allopatric to that of the morphologically similar species, R. signifera. The distributions of these two species overlap in the lower Flinders Ranges. In an experimental water flow, tadpoles of R. riparia were less often moved by the water current than those of R. signifera, and the difference increased with increasing water speed. In the Flinders Ranges most of the breeding habitat for frogs is in fast flowing creeks. The likelihood that tadpoles of R. signifera would be swept away in these creeks may be a factor restricting its distribution in this area.

Exploring the Dotterel Mountains: Improving the understanding of breeding habitat characteristics of an Arctic-breeding specialist bird

Wader Study ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hoefs ◽  
Tim van der Meer ◽  
Peter Antkowiak ◽  
Jonas Hagge ◽  
Martin Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics

scholarly journals The impact of personality on the success of prospecting behavior in changing landscapes

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Curtis Burkhalter ◽  
Nina H. Fefferman ◽  
Julie L. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Large Role ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Abstract Personality can play a large role in dispersal decisions, influencing how each individual estimates and values expected costs versus benefits of venturing out to explore the unknown. We contrast the impact of persistence on fitness using decision theory models to examine the relative success of prospecting movement (which is a widespread behavior used by animals to explore available breeding habitat before determining where to settle) in different landscapes among individuals with different personalities. While evaluating trends in the costs and benefits of movement we provide a quantifiable measure of the impacts of relative tenacity in prospecting behavior on fitness gains/losses. Our model results predict that, regardless of landscape composition, individuals with greater tenacity in prospecting strategy have reduced fitness gains relative to individuals who are more willing to both initiate novel strategies, but then also abandon the new strategy rapidly if initial search does not seem fruitful. We show that fitness gains from choosing an appropriate prospecting strategy (i.e. abandoning poor habitat or staying in rich habitat) can be very high, indicating a potentially large influence from personality on fitness. Importantly, the model predicts that relative fitness gains are highly dependent on the availability of high quality habitat in the landscape, even if the difference under varying fitness outcomes between poor and rich habitat was substantial.

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