The Mediatization of Human Rights Memory in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-448
Author(s):  
Harry Simón Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Sociocultural Change ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
American Media ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity ◽  
Partisan Conflict ◽  
Media Practices

Abstract The current pandemic-imposed reliance on media-centered forms of civic engagement underscores the need for empirical mediatization research on the relationship between media, partisan conflict, and political culture. Drawing from critical Latin American media scholarship, mediatization theory, and Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), this article proposes a framework for comparative political communication research that centers on media practices and sociocultural change. By analyzing how a 1988 political advertising campaign in dictatorial Chile instantiated a peculiar vision of democratic transition, this article provides an examination of the disjuncture between televised representations of cheerful political reconciliation and abominable human rights abuses as the initial stage in the mediatization of Chilean human rights memory (HRM).

scholarly journals Periodismo sobre migración con enfoque de derechos Diálogos metodológicos entre los DDHH y la Folkcomunicación

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (41) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Laura Gottero
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
American Media ◽  
Media Work ◽  
Journalistic Practice ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
The Way

El trabajo profundiza en la construcción de un discurso periodístico que incorpore y emplee activamente la perspectiva de derechos humanos en la labor mediática que tematiza el fenómeno migratorio y a las personas migrantes como objetos o contextos de noticia. Las preocupaciones por el modo en que se representa a los/as migrantes y se aborda el fenómeno migratorio en los medios de comunicación latinoamericanos tiene su base en la identificación de procesos persistentes de desigualdad en las posibilidades de construcción simbólica, que afectan negativamente la imagen de migrantes y les quitan la posibilidad de una voz propia en los medios hegemónicos. En ese sentido, la Folkcomunicación y los derechos humanos recuperan esa discusión y proveen de herramientas valiosas para reconfigurar la práctica periodística contemporánea. El trabajo analiza el modo de construcción de discursos periodísticos empleando el enfoque conceptual y metodológico de los derechos humanos, así también incorpora herramientas del análisis de discurso desde una perspectiva comunicacional. Como resultado del relevamiento critico realizado, se elaboran elementos de abordaje y recomendaciones concretas para reconfigurar la práctica y la producción periodística sobre migración a partir de un marco de derechos humanos. Periodismo; Migrantes; Derechos Humanos; Desigualdad comunicativa; Representaciones. The work delves into the construction of a journalistic discourse that incorporates and actively uses the human rights perspective in media work that thematizes the migratory phenomenon and migrants as news objects or contexts. Concerns about the way in which migrants are represented and the migratory phenomenon is addressed in the Latin American media is based on the identification of persistent processes of inequality in the possibilities of symbolic construction, which negatively affect the image of migrants and take away the possibility of their own voice in the hegemonic media. In this sense, Folkcommunication and human rights recover this discussion and provide valuable tools to reconfigure contemporary journalistic practice. The work analyzes the way of construction of journalistic discourses using the conceptual and methodological approach of human rights, as well as incorporating tools of discourse analysis from a communication perspective. As a result of the critical survey carried out, elements of approach and concrete recommendations are elaborated to reconfigure the practice and journalistic production on migration based on a human rights framework. Journalism; Migrants; Human Dights; Communicative inequality; Representations. O trabalho investiga a construção de um discurso jornalístico que incorpora e utiliza ativamente a perspectiva dos direitos humanos no trabalho midiático que tematiza o fenômeno migratório e os migrantes como objetos ou contextos de notícias. A preocupação com a forma como os migrantes são representados e o fenômeno migratório é abordado na mídia latino-americana se baseia na identificação de processos persistentes de desigualdade nas possibilidades de construção simbólica, que afetam negativamente a imagem de migrantes e tiram a possibilidade de sua própria voz na mídia hegemônica. Nesse sentido, o Folkcomunicação e os direitos humanos resgatam essa discussão e fornecem valiosas ferramentas para reconfigurar a prática jornalística contemporânea. O trabalho analisa a forma de construção dos discursos jornalísticos a partir da abordagem conceitual e metodológica dos direitos humanos, bem como incorpora ferramentas de análise do discurso na perspectiva da comunicação. Como resultado da pesquisa crítica realizada, são elaborados elementos de abordagem e recomendações concretas para reconfigurar a prática e a produção jornalística sobre a migração com base em um marco de direitos humanos. Jornalismo; Migrantes; Direitos Humanos; Desigualdade comunicativa; Representações.

The Sociopolitical Discourse of Violeta Parra and Víctor Jara - The Culture of People's Power

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Elena Maria De Costa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Central America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Culture ◽  
History Of

While its roots lie deep in Latin American culture and history, the New Song music was first brought to the attention of the world when totalitarian military regimes seized power in South America during the 1970s. Torture, death, persecution, or disappearance became the tragic fate of thousands of citizens including Violeta Parra and Victor Jara of Chile, popular and talented singer-songwriters (cantautores), the latter executed for his songs of justice and freedom. Other New Song artists were driven into exile to avoid a similar fate. Later, during the 1980s, a second, deadlier wave of terror swept through Central America in genocidal proportions. Again, New Song artists urgently sang about these horrific human rights violations, denouncing the perpetrators of this violence and telling the story of the struggle of people resisting. Beyond the desired social space in which to talk about horrific human rights abuses, there is a deep history of social commentary in musical and other performative traditions in Latin America.

Haiti’s police will struggle without UN troops

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Criminal Investigations ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Funding Cuts

Subject Security in Haiti. Significance Latin American delegates at the UN General Assembly’s Fifth Committee warned on December 18 against funding cuts to the UN Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH). Peacekeeping troops withdrew from Haiti in mid-October and were replaced with a smaller force involved only in training and supporting local police. Haiti’s security forces appear to be struggling with their new responsibilities. The police have already been accused of human rights abuses, and several officers have been killed in raids on criminal groups. Impacts The withdrawal of UN troops is leaving the domestic police ill experienced in conducting criminal investigations. A new expansion in the size or scope of UN operations is unlikely, even if the Haitian police prove incapable. Lacking transparency in financing and recruitment suggests the army’s expansion will be slower than intended.

Chile-US Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick William Kelly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring ◽  
The Cold War

The relationship between Chile and the United States pivoted on the intertwined questions of how much political and economic influence Americans would exert over Chile and the degree to which Chileans could chart their own path. Given Chile’s tradition of constitutional government and relative economic development, it established itself as a regional power player in Latin America. Unencumbered by direct US military interventions that marked the history of the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico, Chile was a leader in movements to promote Pan-Americanism, inter-American solidarity, and anti-imperialism. But the advent of the Cold War in the 1940s, and especially after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, brought an increase in bilateral tensions. The United States turned Chile into a “model democracy” for the Alliance for Progress, but frustration over its failures to enact meaningful social and economic reform polarized Chilean society, resulting in the election of Marxist Salvador Allende in 1970. The most contentious period in US-Chilean relations was during the Nixon administration when it worked, alongside anti-Allende Chileans, to destabilize Allende’s government, which the Chilean military overthrew on September 11, 1973. The Pinochet dictatorship (1973–1990), while anti-Communist, clashed with the United States over Pinochet’s radicalization of the Cold War and the issue of Chilean human rights abuses. The Reagan administration—which came to power on a platform that reversed the Carter administration’s critique of Chile—reversed course and began to support the return of democracy to Chile, which took place in 1990. Since then, Pinochet’s legacy of neoliberal restructuring of the Chilean economy looms large, overshadowed perhaps only by his unexpected role in fomenting a global culture of human rights that has ended the era of impunity for Latin American dictators.

Human Rights on the March: Repression, Oppression, and Protest in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract This research examines the impact of human rights protests on human rights abuses in seven Latin American countries—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. I find that protests focused broadly on human rights are associated with significant declines in human rights abuses, controlling for important factors from previous studies. Furthermore, I argue that it is important to distinguish political repression (abuses that target political activists) from coercive state oppression, which has nonpolitical targets. These two types of abuses respond to different factors, but broadly focused human rights protests are found to decrease both types of abuses. I argue further that a strong human rights movement, indicated by frequent human rights protests, discourages the police abuses associated with oppression by raising the likelihood of accountability for such abuses, including by improving the likelihood of reforms to the criminal justice system.

Latin American Amnesties in Comparative Perspective: Can the Past Be Buried?

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Popkin ◽  
Nehal Bhuta
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Comparative Examination

Throughout Latin America during the past 15 years, new democratic or postwar governments have faced demands for transitional justice following the end of authoritarian rule or the conclusion of internal armed conflicts.Demands for justice for serious past abuses have often been met by threats of destabilization by the perpetrators and calls for forgiving and forgetting in the name of reconciliation.Although recent developments in and interpretations of international law oblige states to punish those responsible for serious human rights violations, many transitional governments insist that reconciliation requires broad amnesty laws. This essay first reviews basic legal and conceptual issues relating to prosecution of, and grants of amnesty to, those responsible for gross human rights abuses during earlier periods. A comparative examination follows, starting with El Salvador, where the amnesty law constitutes the most comprehensive and successful action to end efforts to address past abuses. The essay then reviews the status of efforts in Argentina, Chile, Honduras, Guatemala, and South Africa, where, despite amnesty laws, civil society and courts have sought to uncover the truth about the past, hold perpetrators accountable, and obtain redress for victims.

Improving Human Rights in the Private Security Industry: Envisioning the Role of ICoCA in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-107
Author(s):  
Cristina NARVÁEZ GONZÁLEZ ◽  
Katharine VALENCIA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Private Security Companies ◽  
Private Security Industry ◽  
Security Companies

AbstractThe private security industry in Latin America has been associated with human rights abuses, particularly in the context of extractive operations. Most private security guards in the region are poorly trained and do not undergo adequate vetting. These factors combined with serious deficiencies in the rule of law across the region too often enable private security companies to effectively operate outside state control and engage in human rights abusive practices. This article argues that adoption of the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers (ICoC) by Latin American private security companies and states, coupled with civil society engagement with ICoC’s Association, may help reduce negative human rights impacts arising out of private security services within the extractive industry.

The crisis of detention and the politics of denial in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (903) ◽  
pp. 889-916
Author(s):  
Paul Hathazy ◽  
Markus-Michael Müller
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prison Violence ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article assesses the causes of the crisis of detention in Latin America. It is argued that this crisis, which manifests itself in overpopulation of the region's prison systems, deficient infrastructure, prison informality and violence propelled ultimately by political processes, is mostly related to, on the one hand, disastrous human rights conditions inside Latin American prisons, and on other, the political denial of these conditions. This denial produces a state of institutional abandonment that is preserved by the interests of politicians and bureaucrats, who are engaged in denying prison violence and human rights abuses while simultaneously calling for more punishment and imprisonment.

Documents and Source Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Israeli Occupation

This section comprises JPS summaries and links to international, Arab, Israeli, and U.S. documents and source materials from the quarter spanning 16 May-15 November 2017. Fifty years of Israeli occupation was the focus of reports by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and Oxfam that documented the ongoing human rights abuses in the occupied Palestinian territories. Other notable documents include Israeli NGO Gisha and UNSCO reports on the ten-year Gaza siege, Al Jazeera's interactive timeline of the Nakba, and an exchange of letters between the ACLU and U.S. senators on anti-BDS legislation.

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