Semiochemical-based Reproductive Isolation Among Sympatric Species of Trypodendron (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kühnholz ◽  
Regine Gries ◽  
John H Borden
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection ◽  
First Time

Abstract Trypodendron retusum (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) females excised from newly attacked trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michaux (Salicaceae), were shown for the first time to produce the aggregation pheromone (+)-lineatin. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection analysis (GC-EAD) disclosed that the antennae of T. retusum, as well as the antennae of three sympatric species, native T. lineatum (Olivier) and T. rufitarsus (Kirby) and exotic T. domesticum (L.), respond to synthetic (+)-lineatin, but not the (−) enantiomer. In contrast, the antennae of T. betulae Swaine responded to SR- and RR-linalool oxide pyranoid and did not detect lineatin. GC-EAD analysis of volatiles from host and nonhost tree species revealed that conifer-produced α-pinene and angiosperm-produced conophthorin and salicylaldehyde were perceived by the antennae of all three native lineatin-perceiving species, suggesting behavioral activity. Field trapping experiments showed that salicylaldehyde synergized the response of coastal, but not interior, T. retusum to lineatin and inhibited the response of T. lineatum and T. rufitarsus. In the absence of salicylaldehyde, α-pinene appeared to inhibit the response of interior T. retusum to lineatin, while for T. lineatum and T. rufitarsus it had an apparent positive additive or synergistic effect. No behavioral response occurred to conophthorin. The results provide evidence for semiochemical-based reproductive isolation between T. retusum and T. betulae, and between these two angiosperm-infesting species and the two conifer-infesting species. They do not explain how isolation could be maintained between T. lineatum and T. rufitarsus.

Semiochemical-mediated aggregation of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron betulae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kühnholz ◽  
Regine Gries ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Enantiomeric Ratio ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

AbstractPorapak Q-captured volatiles from both sexes of Trypodendron betulae Swaine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) excised from newly attacked logs of paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marshall (Betulaceae), as well as volatiles from unattacked birch logs, were analysed by coupled gas chromatographic electroantennographic detection analysis. Active compounds were identified by gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy. The enantiomeric ratio of 6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol (linalool oxide pyranoid) was determined using a Cyclodex B column. Field-trapping experiments disclosed that the female-produced aggregation pheromone of T. betulae is a blend of the (3S,6R)-trans- and (3R,6R)-cis-linalool oxide pyranoid. Trap catches were synergistically increased when the pheromone was combined with both the host volatile ethanol and with conophthorin, which was found in female beetles as well as host volatiles. Use of linalool oxide pyranoid reproductively isolates T. betulae from sympatric Trypodendron Stephens species for which only (+)-lineatin has been identified as an aggregation pheromone.

LINEATIN ENANTIOMER PREFERENCE, FLIGHT PERIODS, AND EFFECT OF PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION AND TRAP LENGTH ON THREE SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF TRYPODENDRON (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Lindgren ◽  
S.E.R. Hoover ◽  
A.M. MacIsaac ◽  
C.I. Keeling ◽  
K.N. Slessor
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Concentration

AbstractThe effects of lineatin enantiomer ratios, lineatin release rate, and trap length on catches and the flight periods of three sympatric species of Trypodendron Stephens were investigated in field bioassays using multiple-funnel traps. The ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron betulae Swaine, was caught in similar numbers in baited traps and blank control traps, showing that this species does not respond to lineatin. Our results confirmed that Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) is attracted only to (+)-lineatin. Trypodendron rufitarsus (Kirby) and Trypodendron retusum (LeConte) were shown to utilize lineatin and like T. lineatum were caught only when (+)-lineatin was present. These results indicate that lineatin does not govern reproductive isolation among these three species. There was no effect by (+)-lineatin release rate within the range tested. The flight of T. rufitarsus commenced earlier and ceased before the peak of the T. lineatum flight, suggesting that temporal separation may be an important component of reproductive isolation between these two species. The flight period of T. retusum was similar to that of T. lineatum. Host odours may aid in reproductive isolation of these two species. Enantiomer blend did not significantly affect sex ratio in any species; however, sex ratio differed among species, indicating that different species responded differently to the traps or that natural sex ratios differ. Catches of T. rufitarsus and T. retusum increased with trap length when pheromone release per trap was held constant and when release was held constant relative to trap length. Trap length and release rate did not affect sex ratio.

Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Differences in Floral Morphology Between Two Species of Monkeyflower (Mimulus)

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
H D Bradshaw ◽  
Kevin G Otto ◽  
Barbara E Frewen ◽  
John K McKay ◽  
Douglas W Schemske
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract Conspicuous differences in floral morphology are partly responsible for reproductive isolation between two sympatric species of monkeyflower because of their effect on visitation of the flowers by different pollinators. Mimulus lewisii flowers are visited primarily by bumblebees, whereas M. cardinalis flowers are visited mostly by hummingbirds. The genetic control of 12 morphological differences between the flowers of M. lewisii and M. cardinalis was explored in a large linkage mapping population of F2 plants (n = 465) to provide an accurate estimate of the number and magnitude of effect of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing each character. Between one and six QTLs were identified for each trait. Most (9/12) traits appear to be controlled in part by at least one major QTL explaining ≥25% of the total phenotypic variance. This implies that either single genes of individually large effect or linked clusters of genes with a large cumulative effect can play a role in the evolution of reproductive isolation and speciation.

Comparative morphology of two sympatric Pareledone species from South Georgia

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather I. Daly ◽  
Paul G. Rodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Buccal Mass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sharp Point ◽  
Trophic Niches

Morphometric data were collected for 410 specimens of Pareledone turqueti and P. polymorpha caught around South Georgia. The two species differ in beak morphology and in the male hectocotylus. The species have similar appearances although there is a small but significant difference in the mantle length/body mass relationship for females, with P. polymorpha having a relatively longer mantle. There is no significant difference in the arm length/body mass relationship between species or sexes (p>0.05), except in the case of arm IV of females. There is an interspecific significant difference between sucker number on arms I and II of males, arms I–IV of females, and between hood length and mass of the buccal mass (p<0.05), with P. turqueti having relatively lower sucker numbers, a longer hood length and greater buccal mass mass. The beak of P. turqueti is similar to that of Eledone spp. but P. polymorpha has a small, fine beak with the rostral tip ending in an elongated, sharp point. Differences in beak and buccal mass suggest that these sympatric species occupy distinct trophic niches and that the differing morphology of the male hectocotylus is a factor in reproductive isolation.

Reproductive Isolation in Sympatric Species of Dayflying Moths (Hemileuca: Saturniidae)

Evolution ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Collins ◽  
Paul M. Tuskes
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sympatric Species

Distinguishing ten sympatric species of fiddler crab (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using a suite of phenotypic characteristics

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5026 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-506
Author(s):  
LAURA A. MICHIE ◽  
R. S. K. BARNES ◽  
PAUL F. CLARK ◽  
WAYNE A. BENNETT ◽  
SIMON M. CRAGG
Keyword(s):  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
Major Cheliped

Ten species of fiddler crab are reported inhabiting the intertidal zone of a shore on Kaledupa Island, Indonesia. This is one of the highest recorded numbers of fiddler crab species living in sympatry, equating to over two-thirds of those known from the Wallacea biogeographic region and more than half of all those recorded from Indonesia. The descriptions to identify and distinguish these ten species are provided using a suite of characters e.g., carapace, major cheliped, male gonopods, gastric mills, life colouration in males and females, and notes on their ecology and distribution. Specimens were observed and collected in the Wakatobi National Park, near the village of Ambeua on Kaledupa island, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Gastric mills are described for the first time for Gelasimus jocelynae, Paraleptuca crassipes, Tubuca coarctata, T. demani and T. dussumieri. A tabulation of anatomical features and colouration for all species in this study is provided as a support for field studies. It identifies features that support the recently proposed taxonomic revision of fiddler crabs by Shih et al. (2016).  

Reproductive biology of two sympatric colubrid snakes, Chironius flavolineatus and Chironius quadricarinatus, from the Brazilian Cerrado domain

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Richard Pinto ◽  
Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques ◽  
Ronaldo Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe reproductive biology of Chironius flavolineatus and C. quadricarinatus from the Brazilian Cerrado domain is described, including sexual maturity, female fecundity, and reproductive cycles of males and females. Egg-laying is recorded here for the first time for C. quadricarinatus. Males of both species attain sexual maturity with a smaller snout-vent length than females. Females of C. flavolineatus have an extended reproductive cycle with egg production during the wet season, whereas males exhibit year-round sperm production. Chironius quadricarinatus has continuous reproductive cycles in both sexes. Differences in reproductive pattern between these two sympatric species are probably related to phylogenetic constraints on intrageneric lineages of Chironius.

The complete description of larval stages of the lobster shrimpLeonardsaxius amurensis(Kobjakova, 1937) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Axiidae) identified by DNA barcoding

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena S. Kornienko ◽  
Darya D. Golubinskaya ◽  
Olga M. Korn ◽  
Svetlana N. Sharina
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
First Time

The complete larval development of the lobster shrimpLeonardsaxius amurensis(Kobjakova, 1937) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Axiidae) is described and illustrated for the first time. The first zoeae of this species were collected from the plankton samples and reared in the laboratory before moulting to the megalopa. A molecular genetic analysis based on comparison of partial mitochondrial COI, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA sequence data confirmed the identity of axiid larvae found in the plankton andL. amurensisadults collected in the same area. The larval development ofL. amurensisincludes five zoeal stages and a single megalopa. Zoeae I ofL. amurensisare characterized by the presence of one short posterodorsal spine on the fifth pleonite in contrast to the larvae of related sympatric speciesBoasaxius princepshaving four posterodorsal spines on the pleonites 2–5.Leonardsaxius amurensisoccupies an intermediate position between lobster shrimps with abbreviated pelagic development (2–3 zoeal stages) and species with long development (up to eight zoeal stages). Thus, the number of zoeal stages in the family Axiidae varies widely, similarly to that in the families Callianassidae and Upogebiidae.

Pheromonal Production of and Response to Optically Active Epoxydienes in Some Geometrid Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth ◽  
G. Szőcs ◽  
W. Francke ◽  
F. Schmidt ◽  
P. Philipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Specificity ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Chiral Gas Chromatography

In pheromone extracts of calling female Chiasma clathrata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a defoliator pest of alfalfa, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene and (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene was identified. Chiral gas chromatography using a modified cyclodextrin and synthetic reference samples proved the natural epoxide to show (3R, 4S)-configuration. In field trapping tests, only the pure (3R, 4S)-enantiom er of the epoxide attracted males. The addition of the triene component was synergistic. Males of the sympatric species Tephrina arenacearia Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) were caught only in traps with baits containing the (3S, 4R)-enantiomer [together with a previously described minor component, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis- 6,7-epoxyheptadecadiene]. In trapping tests conducted in a different biotope, Abraxas grossulariata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) males were attracted by the (3S, 4R)-enantiomer, whereas the (3R, 4S)-enantiomer attracted a close relative, Abraxas sylvata Scop. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The present results suggest that one of the key mechanisms responsible for pheromone specificity among both the two alfalfa geometrids and the two A braxas species in their respective biotops, may be the use of different enantiomers of the same polyenederived epoxide as a sex pheromone component. It is probable that this discrimination mechanism is widespread among moth species utilizing epoxide pheromone components

scholarly journals Composition of a Monoterpenoid-rich Essential Oil from the Rhizome of Zingiber officinale from North Western Himalayas

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suphla Gupta ◽  
Pankaj Pandotra ◽  
Gandhi Ram ◽  
Rajneesh Anand ◽  
Ajai Prakash Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Western

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the rhizome of ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe), collected from Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India, was determined by gas chromatography and GC-MS. Fifty-one compounds, representing 95.1% of the oil, were identified. The oil was characterized by relatively large amounts of the monoterpenoids 1,8-cineole (10.9%), linalool (4.8%), borneol (5.6%), α-terpineol (3.6%), neral (8.1%), geraniol (14.5%), geranial (9.5%), trans-dimethoxy citral (5.0%) and geranyl acetate (6.3%). Five compounds, namely trans-linalool oxide, trans-linalool oxide acetate, ( Z)-dimethoxycitral, ( E)-dimethoxy citral and epi-zingiberenol are reported for the first time in oil of ginger.

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