scholarly journals The Common Natural Products (S)-α-Terpineol and (E)-2-Hexenol are Important Pheromone Components of Megacyllene antennata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1547-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F Mitchell ◽  
Ann M Ray ◽  
Lawrence M Hanks ◽  
Jocelyn G Millar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Aromatic Alcohols ◽  
The Common ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Woody Tissues

Abstract We report here the pheromone of Megacyllene antennata (White) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a species native to southwestern North America whose larvae feed in woody tissues of mesquite (Prosopis species; Fabaceae). Adult males sex-specifically produced a blend of eight common natural products, including the monoterpene alcohol (S)-α-terpineol; the monoterpenes (S)-limonene and terpinolene; the aromatic alcohols (R)-1-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethanol; and (E)-2-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol. Individual males produced the components in varying amounts, but (S)-α-terpineol and (E)-2-hexenal were always present and together constituted the majority of the blend. A synthetic reconstruction of the complete blend attracted both males and females of M. antennata during field bioassays, as did all subsets of the blend that included (S)-α-terpineol and (E)-2-hexenol. Adults were most strongly attracted to blends of the latter two compounds when in ratios approaching parity. Neither of the compounds were present in the bouquet of volatiles emitted by host plants of the larvae.

The Diet of the Common Toad (Bufo bufo) around a Pond in Mid-Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Gittins
Keyword(s):  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Common Toad ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Toad Bufo Bufo

AbstractThere was no significant difference between the number of food items obtained by stomach-flushing toads caught in pitfall traps and from the dissection of corpses found on nearby roads. The frequencies of the different food categories were similar using the two methods. 97 % of the toads entering the pond in the spring had not recently fed, whereas 25% of toads leaving the pond had started to feed. Sloughed skin was found in 7% of stomachs. Vegetable matter was found in 15% of stomachs and inorganic matter in 6% of stomachs. The diet of the toad was found to be very varied, and the main food items were beetles, collembolans, millipedes, harvestmen and spiders. The diets of males, females and young toads were very similar, and only slight changes in diet were observed throughout the year. The size of food items ranged from 1 mm to 40 mm with most around 7 mm. There was no significant relationship between the size of the food item and the size of the toad for adult males and females, but there was for juveniles.

Baeomyia n.g. (Diptera: Tachinidae): descriptions and notes about phylogenetic and zoogeographic relationships

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387-1396
Author(s):  
James E. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Type Species ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Baeomyia n.g. is described for a group of small (2–3 mm long) tachinids belonging to the Siphona group of the Siphonini. All known specimens were collected in western North America, with two species recorded from southern British Columbia (Baeomyia xanthogaster n. sp. and Baeomyia juniperi n. sp.) and three species recorded from desert localities in the American Southwest (type-species Baeomyia hurdi (Reinhard), Baeomyia antennata n. sp. and Baeomyia sonorensis n. sp.). Keys to adult males and females are provided for separation of species. Systematics of the Siphonini and Siphona group are reviewed, including a discussion of the synapomorphies upon which each is defined. Baeomyia species are inferred to form a monophyletic taxon within the Siphona group on the basis of five synapomorphies, though the relationship between the genus and other Siphona group taxa is unresolved. The apparent disjunction of Baeomyia species into northern and southern ranges may be the result of relatively recent speciation events, because differences among species are slight. A detailed zoogeographic analysis of the distribution pattern must await further phylogenetic data.

Somatic characteristics and reproduction of common vole, Microtus arvalis (Microtus arvalis

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
The Common ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractReproduction potential and biometry of somatic characteristics of the common vole Microtus arvalis were evaluated and discussed. The results were processed on the basis of an extensive material (2,171 individuals) from the whole territory of Slovakia (315 sites situated at altitudes from 100 to 1500 m above sea level). Among the somatic characteristics studied, the highest variability was found in body length and the smallest in hind foot length. Highly significant differences were also found between the foot length of adult males and females. Populations of M. arvalis at low altitudes were less numerous than at higher altitudes. Altitudinal differences in average embryo numbers in female uteri as well as differences in follicle length in males during the reproductive season were also observed.

scholarly journals Short-Term Dynamics Reveals Seasonality in a Subtropical Heliconius Butterfly

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thadeu Sobral-Souza ◽  
Ronaldo Bastos Francini ◽  
Murilo Guimarães ◽  
Woodruff Withman Benson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Over Time

Although tropical insect populations are generally regarded as constant and stable over time, some of these tropical populations, including butterflies, may fluctuate according to precipitation and temperature variation, specialized feeding patterns, and density-dependent factors. Heliconiini butterfly populations are generally regarded as stable over time because of the presence of host-plants and absence of diapause. However, peaks of abundance occur in subtropical Heliconius populations, and opposite trends concerning stability are found in the literature. Here we further investigate the dynamics of subtropical Heliconius butterflies by assessing a population of the species Heliconius sara apseudes from southeastern Brazil. We estimated individual apparent survival probability and population growth rate while accounting for the imperfect detectability of individuals using mark-recapture models to evaluate the population dynamics. Adult males presented slightly higher weekly survival estimates than females. Contrary to the common pattern described in the literature for Heliconius populations we observed a rapid decline on the adult population by the end of the mating season, possibly leading to local extinction. We discuss the potential drivers for such dynamics.

THE LYGUS BUGS (GENUS LYGUS HAHN) OF NORTH AMERICA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (S95) ◽  
pp. 5-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Kelton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Equal Sign ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Synonyms

AbstractThe genus Lygus Hahn is revised for North America. The new synonyms (to the left of the equal sign) are: ceanothi var. deliticus Knight = humeralis Knight; convexicollis var. coloratus Knight and dolichorhynchus Stanger = convexicollis Reuter; nigritus Knight = ravus Stanger; brindleyi and fultoni Knight = robustus (Uhler); superiorensis Knight = columbiensis Knight; frisoni Knight = rubroclarus Knight; nigrosignatus Knight = elisus Van Duzee; ultranubilus Knight and epelys Hussey = nubilus Van Duzee; and nubilosus Knight and usingeri Stanger = nubilatus Knight. The 34 species known to occur in North America are: abroniae Van Duzee, aeratus Knight, atriflavus Knight, atritibialis Knight, borealis (Kelton), bradleyi Knight, ceanothi Knight, columbiensis Knight, convexicollis Reuter, desertinus Knight, elisus Van Duzee, hesperus Knight, humeralis Knight, lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), mexicanus Kelton, nigropallidus Knight, nubilatus Knight, nubilus Van Duzee, oregonae Knight, perplexus Stanger, plagiatus (Uhler), potentillae Kelton, ravus Stanger, robustus (Uhler), rolfsi Knight, rubroclarus Knight, rubrosignatus Knight, rufidorsus (Kelton), shulli Knight, solidaginis (Kelton), striatus Knight, unctuosus (Kelton), vanduzeei Knight, and varius Knight.Species are redescribed, seasonal variations in size and colour are discussed, and distribution maps and host plants are included. The adult males are illustrated and a key for their identification is given.

REVISION OF THE COSTATE SPECIES OF ALTICA MÜLLER OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent LeSage
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
North America North

AbstractEight species and seven subspecies of costate Altica are described and illustrated. Lectotypes are designated for Altica alni Harris, A. ambiens LeConte, A. prasina LeConte, A. subplicata LeConte, and Graptodera plicipennis Mannerheim. A neotype is designated for Altica bimarginata Say. Two subspecies are recognized for A. ambiens, three for A. bimarginata, and two for A. prasina. Graptodera plicipennis is removed from synonymy and given a new subspecific status under Altica bimarginata, and A. populi Brown is given a new subspecific status under A. prasina. Altica latiplicata Blake is placed in synonymy with A. ambiens LeConte. Altica bimarginata labradorensis LeSage is described as a new subspecies of A. bimarginata. Keys are given for males and females, and data are provided on distribution, host plants, biology, parasites, predators, and economic importance of these species.

The taxonomic status of the Japanese citrus flower-bud midge, Contarinia okadai (Miyoshi) comb. n., and of the citrus blossom midge, C. citri Barnes (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Harris ◽  
J. Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Status ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractA gall midge that attacks citrus flower buds in south-western Japan is redescribed under the name Contarinia okadai (Miyoshi) comb. n. and is compared with C. citri Barnes, which was originally described from cultivated citrus in Mauritius. C. okadai, for which a neotype is designated, is distinguished from C. citri by morphological characters of the adult males and females and of the larvae. The known host-plants, biology and distribution of C. okadai are recorded, and new Japanese and English names for the species are proposed. The status of records of C. citri from Sicily, Cyprus, Israel, India, China and Hong Kong is discussed, and the need for further taxonomic research is stressed.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

Size-At-Age Variability and Sexual Dimorphism of Morphometric Characteristics in the Late Ontogenesis of the Marsh Frog, Pelophylax Ridibundus (Anura, Ranidae), from Terrytory of Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
V. N. Peskov ◽  
N. A. Petrenko ◽  
V. Yu. Reminnyi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Linear Body

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.

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