Aortic valve replacement-induced changes in native T1 are related to prognosis in severe aortic stenosis: T1 mapping cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Chang Hwang ◽  
Hyung-Kwan Kim ◽  
Jun-Bean Park ◽  
Eun-Ah Park ◽  
Whal Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Normal Myocardium ◽  
Diffuse Fibrosis ◽  
Native T1 ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Aims Native T1 times from T1 mapping cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are associated with myocardial fibrosis in aortic stenosis (AS). We investigated whether changing patterns in native T1 predict clinical outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in severe AS patients. Methods and results Forty-three patients with severe AS (65.9 ± 8.1 years; 24 men) who underwent T1 mapping CMR at baseline and 1 year after AVR were prospectively enrolled. Upper limit of native T1 from healthy volunteers was used to define normal myocardium and diffuse fibrosis (native T1 < 1208.4 and ≥1208.4 ms, respectively). Participants were categorized into Group 1 (pre- and post-AVR normal myocardium; n = 11), Group 2 (pre-AVR diffuse fibrosis and post-AVR normal myocardium; n = 18), and Group 3 (post-AVR diffuse fibrosis; n = 14). Native T1 significantly decreased 1 year after AVR (pre-AVR, 1233.8 ± 49.7 ms; post-AVR, 1189.1 ± 58.4 ms; P < 0.001), which was associated with left ventricular (LV) mass regression (△native T1 vs. △LV mass index, r = 0.454, P = 0.010) and systolic function improvement (△native T1 vs. △LV ejection fraction, r = −0.379, P = 0.012). Group 2 showed greater functional improvements, whereas these benefits were blunted in Group 3. Group 3 had significantly worse outcomes than Group 1 [hazard ratio (HR), 9.479, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.176–76.409; P = 0.035] and Group 2 (HR 3.551, 95% CI 1.178–10.704; P = 0.024). Conclusion AVR-induced changes in native T1 values are associated with LV systolic functional changes as well as prognosis in severe AS. Post-AVR T1 mapping CMR can be used as an imaging biomarker.

P5273Trabecular complexity as a subclinical structural alteration in Fabry cardiomyopathy: a cardiac magnetic resonance study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lazzeroni ◽  
A Camporeale ◽  
F Moroni ◽  
S Garibaldi ◽  
S Pica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Heart involvement represents the main cause of death in Fabry Disease (FD), thus its early detection is important to define the optimal therapeutic strategy. Recently, a disproportionate increase in myocardial trabeculation has been described in FD by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), even in early (prehypertrophic) stage of the disease. In addition, CMR with T1 mapping can identity the presence of myocardial sphingolipid storage (causing lowering of native T1 values) in more than 50% of FD patients with no LVH. However, it is not clear whether a relationship exists between trabecular complexity and sphingolipid storage in FD. Aim To explore the association between myocardial trabecular complexity, quantified by endocardial border fractal analysis, and sphingolipid storage, described by CMR T1 mapping, in different stages of Fabry cardiomyopathy. Methods Study population included 60 subjects: 15 FD patients with no detectable signs of cardiac involvement (no LVH, normal T1; 2 M, age 30.6±14; Group 1); 15 FD patients with early sphingolipid storage (no LVH, low T1; 9 M, age 33±9.6; Group 2); 15 FD patients with LVH (11 M, age 53.5±9.6; Group 3); 15 healthy controls (9 M, age 34±10). Patients and controls underwent CMR with T1 mapping; disease severity was quantified using Mainz Severity Score Index (MSSI). Myocardial trabecular fractal dimension was evaluated, blinded to patients'characteristics, on short axis cine images using the Image J dedicated plug-in FracLac, deriving the following parameters: total, basal, mid-ventricular and apical fractal dimensions. Results Total fractal dimension was higher in all Fabry groups compared to controls. Indeed, a gradient of total fractal dimension was observed, with this parameter gradually increasing from healthy controls to Groups 3 (1.27±0.02 in controls vs 1.29±0.02 in Group 1 vs 1.30±0.02 in Group 2 vs 1.34±0.02 in Group 3; p<0.001) (Figure 1A). Interestingly, both total and basal fractal dimensions were significantly higher in Group 1 compared to controls (1.27±0.02 vs 1.29±0.02, p=0.044 and 1.26±0.04 vs 1.30±0.03; p=0.007, respectively). Moreover, considering the total population, fractal dimension showed significant correlations with: i) T1 values (r=−0.567; p<0.001 - Figure 1B); ii) LV mass (r=0.674, p<0.001); iii) trabecular mass expressed as percentage of global LV mass (r=0.611; p<0.001); iv) MSSI (r=0.535; p<0.001). Conclusion Cardiac involvement in FD is characterized by a progressive increase in fractal dimension of endocardial trabeculae (Figure 1C). Both total and basal myocardial trabeculation are increased in Fabry patients even before the presence of detectable sphingolipid storage, thus representing a very early sign of cardiac involvement.

Use of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Cardiac AL Amyloidosis - An Analysis of "Presumed" and "Endomyocardial Biopsy-Proven" Disease.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 5085-5085
Author(s):  
Christine I. Chen ◽  
Diego Delgado ◽  
Laveena Munshi ◽  
Adriana Luk ◽  
Andrew Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endomyocardial Biopsy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Al Amyloidosis ◽  
Cardiac Amyloid ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Al Amyloid ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: The gold standard for diagnosis of cardiac involvement in systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the identification of Congo red amyloid infiltrates on endomyocardial biopsy. As this procedure is invasive, inconvenient, and expensive, the combination of clinical cardiac findings and standard 2D echocardiography (echo) is typically used as a surrogate approach. We sought to evaluate this approach by reviewing clinical and echo parameters in systemic AL amyloid pts with endomyocardial biopsy-proven involvement in comparison to pts with presumed cardiac involvement (echo abnormalities) and those with no clinical or echo findings of cardiac involvement. Methods: A retrospective chart review of AL amyloid pts referred to either the cardiology or myeloma services at our institution between 1996 and 2005 was performed. Ninety-six pts with available clinical and echo data were identified: 13 with endomyocardial biopsy-proven AL amyloid (group 1); 55 with systemic AL amyloid (histologically-proven on non-cardiac biopsy) and “presumed” cardiac disease with echo abnormalities (group 2); 28 with systemic AL amyloid without cardiac disease (no clinical cardiac findings or echo abnormalities)(group 3). Results: There were no differences between the 3 groups in the following demographic and laboratory parameters: age, gender, lab (Hb, platelets, PT/PTT, albumin, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine, LDH), and light chain subtype. Clinically, groups 1 and 2 (both confirmed and presumed cardiac amyloid) were similar with more frequent multiorgan involvement (&gt;2 organs: 69% group 1;71% group 2;14% group 3; p=0.0009) and presence of liver disease (31% group 1, 51% group 2; 3.5% group 3; p=0.038) than group 3. This may reflect multiorgan impairment resulting from nonspecific cardiac dysfunction. Although frequency of GI and neurologic involvement were similar in all groups, group 1 had less renal involvement (38%) vs group 2 (69%) and group 3 (60%); p=0.059. In particular, nephrotic range proteinuria was significantly less frequent in group 1 (7.6%) vs group 2 (49%) and group 3 (53%); p=0.0035. Echocardiograms performed in both confirmed (group 1) and presumed cardiac amyloid patients (group 2) showed classic findings of infiltrative cardiomyopathy: increased posterior wall thickness, IVS, LV mass, LV mass index, LV end diastolic dimension, E/A ratio (results not present in group 3). When group 1 was compared to group 2, significant differences in ejection fraction (mean 48% vs 58%; p=0.0087) remained. Contrary to the literature, OS from diagnosis did not differ between cardiac or non-cardiac groups. Conclusions: Differences in clinical and echocardiographic parameters exist between patients with histologically confirmed cardiac amyloid and those presumed to have cardiac involvement by echo. This suggests that the reliance upon echo in the diagnosis of cardiac involvement is faulty and despite the risks and inconvenience, endomyocardial biopsy for diagnosis remains the gold standard. At our centre, we routinely perform endomyocardial biopsies (with electron microscopy) and right heart catheterization on all referred systemic AL amyloid patients with a set panel of investigations including 2D echo, cardiac MRI, serum BNP and troponins. This approach will enable us to better evaluate these surrogate diagnostic tools against the gold standard.

Effects of Peritoneal Rest on Peritoneal Transport and Peritoneal Membrane Thickening in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Lim Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Kim ◽  
Jun-Hong Kim ◽  
Seog-Jae Kim ◽  
Chan-Duck Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Peritoneal Transport ◽  
Intraperitoneal Instillation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Group 1

Objective To evaluate the effects of peritoneal rest on peritoneal transport and morphology in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis. Design Twenty-four rats (Sprague-Dawley, male, 250 300 g) were divided into three groups: group 1 (control, n = 6) without dialysis, group 2 (n = 9) sacrificed immediately after 3 weeks of dialysis, and group 3 (n = 9) sacrificed after 4 weeks of peritoneal rest after 3 weeks of dialysis. Both dialysis groups were dialyzed twice daily with an intraperitoneal instillation volume of 25 mL of 3.86% dextrose solution for 3 weeks. Peritonitis was induced by supplementing the dialysis fluid with lipopolysaccharide (5 μg/mL) on days 8, 10, and 12 in both dialysis groups. Peritoneal equilibration tests were performed on each animal at baseline. The equilibration tests were repeated at the 4th and the 8th week of dialysis. Morphometric analyses of the peritoneal membrane were carried out in tissue specimens obtained at the time of sacrifice. Results The DIDo ratio for glucose at two hours in groups 2 and 3 at the beginning of week 4 was significantly lower than at baseline, indicating an increase in peritoneal permeability to glucose after 3 weeks of dialysis. DIDo in group 3 at the beginning of week 8, after 4 weeks of peritoneal rest, was significantly higher than at week 4. The drain volume in groups 2 and 3 at week 4 was significantly lower than at baseline; however, the drain volume in group 3 at week 8 was significantly higher than at week 4. The thickness of the parietal peritoneal membrane in group 3 was significantly greater than in group 1 and less than in group 2 (group 1, 11.4 ± 7.6 μm; group 2, 37.5 ± 18.4 μm; group 3,21.4 ± 12.1 μm). Conclusions Peritoneal rest improves ultrafiltration in rats by decreasing the hyperpermeability of glucose and also reduces the degree of peritoneal thickening. These data suggest that dialysis -induced changes in peritoneal transport and morphology are reversible under the conditions of peritoneal rest in this experimental model.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Isles ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
B M Rankin ◽  
C D Forbes ◽  
N Lucie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

Features of postoperative period in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: phlebectomy versus thermal ablation

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
E. Burleva ◽  
O. Smirnov ◽  
S. Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the course of the postoperative period after phlebectomy and thermal ablation in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities in the system of the great saphenous vein (GSV) with class C2 of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) — CEAP class C2. Materials and methods: 455 patients (455 limbs) with CEAP class C2. Group 1 (n = 154) received stripping + minimally invasive phlebectomy; Group 2 — endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of GSV trunk + sclerotherapy of varicose veins; 3 group (n = 150) — radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the GSV + sclerotherapy. All patients were united by a single tactical solution — the elimination of pathological vertical reflux in GSV. In each group, patients were with similar hemodynamic profile were selected (Group 1 = 63; Group 2 = 61; Group 3 = 61). The course of the postoperative period (from 2 days to 2 months) was compared for pain (visual analog scale — VAS), clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, degree of satisfaction (Darvall questionnaire), and duration of disability. Statistical processing was carried out using Excel programs for Windows XP, MedCalc® (version 11.4.2.0., Mariakerke, Belgium). Results: Postoperative pain is more pronounced (during day 1 for Group 1–4.0, Group 2–3.0, Group 3–2.0) and more prolonged (up to 4 days) after open surgeries (p < 0.05). The dynamics of the clinical symptoms of CVI (including varicose syndrome and use of compression therapy) could not be fully evaluated in connection with the ongoing sclerotherapy procedures for patients of Groups 2 and 3. Satisfaction of patients with aesthetic aspects was higher than expected in all groups. Reliable statistical differences proved decrease in days of disability (Group 1–14; Group 2–4; Group 3–3) and earlier return to physical activities and work in patients after thermal ablation in comparison with phlebectomy. Conclusion: The study shows that all three methods for eliminating vertical reflux in the GSV can be proposed for a large category of patients with CEAP of class C3 and C2. Medical and social rehabilitation of patients using endovascular thermal ablation technologies proceeds faster, which is beneficial both for the patients and for society.

Analysis of the quality of early diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases in students of educational institutions of Khabarovsk (according to the data of preventive examinations)

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sinus Tachycardia ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Conduction Disturbances ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

To identify the prevalence of early pathology of cardiovascular diseases, a survey of 400 200 girls) in the age group 15 and 17 years old was conducted as a part of routine medical of the level of blood pressure (BP) was carried out, with the calculation of the average level pressure on the basis of three separate measurements estimated by percentile tables for a registration of a standard resting ECG in 12 leads. According to the results of the survey, into 3 groups: with an increase in blood pressure above 95 ‰ (group 1 – 16 people), which recorded in males (p<0,05); Group 2 (67 people) – adolescents with a normal blood pressure level and group 3 of adolescents with a decrease in blood pressure below 5 ‰ changes in the form of rhythm and conduction disturbances were noted in almost every a predominance of sinus tachycardia in the first group. In the third group of adolescents, form of ectopic rhythm and pacemaker migration were significantly more frequently only 78 % of adolescents were referred for consultation and in-depth examination by a pediatric cardiologist.

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

Cholinesterase Activities and Oxidative Stress in Cattle Experimentally Exposed to Nitrate/Nitrite in Cultivated Pasture with Different Fertilization Schemes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Christ ◽  
Aleksandro Schafer Da Silva ◽  
Mateus Eloir Grabriel ◽  
Luan Cleber Henker ◽  
Renan Augusto Cechin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cholinesterase Activities ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Group 1

  Background: Nitrate and nitrite poisoning is associated with pasture intake that has high nitrate levels and leads to acute methemoglobinemia. Pasture may accumulate nitrate under certain conditions, such as excessively fertilized soil or en­vironmental conditions that enhance the N absorption (rain preceded by a period of drought). After ingestion of plants, this substrate reaches the rumen and, in physiological conditions, is reduced to nitrite and afterward to ammonia. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in cholinesterase activities and oxidative stress caused by subclinical poisoning for nitrate and nitrite in cattle fed with Pennisetum glaucum in three different fertilization schemes. Materials, Methods & Results: In order to perform the experimental poisoning, the pasture was cultivated in three dif­ferent paddocks: with nitrogen topdressing (urea; group 1), organic fertilizer (group 2) or without fertilizer (group 3; control). Nitrate accumulation in forage was evaluated by the diphenylamine test. After food fasting of 12 h, nine bovine were randomly allocated to one of the experimental groups and fed with fresh forage (ad libitum) from respective pad­dock. In different time points from beginning of pasture intake (0, 2, 4, 6 and 9 h) heart rate and respiratory frequency were assessed, as well as mucous membrane color and behavioral changes. Blood samples from jugular vein into vials with and without anticoagulant were collected. From blood samples, serum nitrite levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme activity were evaluated, as well as oxidative stress through the following param­eters: levels of nitrate/nitrite (NOx), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), beyond the antioxidant system by enzyme activity measurement of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The diphenylamine test was positive to group 1 and 2, so that the pasture presented 3.16 mg/kg, 2.98 mg/kg and 1.67 mg/kg of nitrate for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, cows from group 1 demonstrated increased (P < 0.05) nitrite levels in serum, compared to other groups, and greater heart rate after 9 h (P < 0.05). The AChE and BChE activity in group 1 showed significant increase (P < 0.05) at 4 and 6 h (AChE), and 4 and 9 h (BChE) compared to group 3. Also, NOx levels were lower at 6 and 9 h (P < 0.05) and at 9 h (P < 0.05) for animals of group 1 and 2, respectively, when compared to group 3. Furthermore, in the group 1 levels of ROS and TBARS were significantly higher (P < 0.05) after 2 and 4 h, and 6 and 9 h compared to other groups, respectively. The CAT activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) with 2 and 4 h of the experiment, but on the other hand, decreased at 6 and 9 h in group 1. Nevertheless, the animals from group 2 presented only a significant reduction in this enzyme activity at 9 h. Furthermore, SOD activity was reduced in animals of groups 1 (P < 0.05) at 4, 6 and 9 h, compared to other groups. Discussion: It was concluded that the nitrate and nitrite poisoning by pasture intake cultivated and fertilized with urea leads to increased levels of serum nitrite, as well as the cholinesterase activity and causes oxidative stress in cattle. It is conjectured that the cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress may assist in understanding the pathophysiology of changes caused by poisoning.Keywords: plant toxicology, poisoning, methemoglobin, cholinergic system, oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-338
Author(s):  
Ogbutor Udoji Godsday ◽  
Nwangwa Eze Kingsley ◽  
Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka ◽  
Chukwuemeka Ephraim ◽  
Ezunu Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isometric Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (p = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (p = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (p = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (p = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (p = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (p = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (p = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (p = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained.

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