scholarly journals The impact of early life antibiotic use on atopic and metabolic disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
Semeh Bejaoui ◽  
Michael Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
English Language ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and objectives The impact of antibiotics use early in life on later-in-life morbidities has received substantial attention as explanations for atopic and metabolic disorders with a surge as modern lifestyle diseases. The objective of this study was to perform meta-analyses to determine if antibiotics administration during the first 2 years of infant life is associated with increased risks of atopic or metabolic disorders later in life. Methodology We screened more than 100 English-language prospective and retrospective studies published between January 2002 and March 2020 and assessed study quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. We performed overall and subgroup meta-analyses on 31 high-quality comparable studies on atopic and 23 on metabolic disorders, involving more than 3.5 million children. Results Antibiotic exposure prenatally and during the first 2 years of life significantly impacts the risk of developing atopic and metabolic disorders. Exposure during the first 6 months of life appears most critical, consistent with this being the time when the microbiome is most susceptible to irreversible perturbations. The presence of dose−response associations and stronger impacts of broad- than narrow-spectrum antibiotics further point to effects being mediated by microbiota-induced changes. Conclusions and implications Our findings support that antibiotics use is a mismatch to modernity that can negatively affect the symbiotic associations we rely on for proper immune function and metabolism. Improving our understanding of these associations, the underlying proximate mechanisms and the impact of antibiotics use on future human−symbiont evolution will be important to improve human health. Lay Summary The use of antibiotics in infancy has been suggested to increase the risks of atopic and metabolic disorders later in life. Through meta-analyses of more than 100 studies of >3.5 million children, we confirm these risks, and show that patterns are consistent with effects being due to microbiota-driven changes.

Assessment of parental knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotic use in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Thejaswini Karanth ◽  
Someswar Deb ◽  
Lal Ruatpuii Zadeng ◽  
Rajeswari Ramasamy ◽  
Teena Nazeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective to assess the impact of pharmacist assisted counselling in improving Parental Knowledge, Attitude and Practice [KAP] towards antibiotic use in children. A Prospective, Educational Interventional Study was conducted in 200 subjects, from the randomly chosen communities in Bangalore. The investigators did door to door visit. The primary demographics data of parents and their children were collected using standard Case Report Form (CRF), and the baseline towards antibiotic use in Children was obtained from parents using validated Questionnaire. In the presence of both parents, only one was supposed to answer the Questionnaire. Pharmacist assisted parent centred interventional counselling was provided with the help of Patient Information Leaflet1s (PIL). Follow-up and post interventional KAP assessment were done after two months from the baseline measurement. The changes in parental KAP towards antibiotics use in children were being assessed by comparing the Pretest and Posttest responses using statistical analysis. The knowledge of parents towards antibiotic use in children was medium to good in the baseline KAP assessment; however, in the majority of the participating parents it was not satisfactory in attitude and practice domains. A statistically significant improvement was seen in the KAP of parents towards antibiotic use in children after the pharmacist assisted interventional counselling. Thus, Investigators could bring excellent changes in the knowledge part; whereas the result for changes in the Attitude and Practice was good to medium respectively.

A New Taxonomy for Technology-Enabled Diabetes Self-Management Interventions: Results of an Umbrella Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682110364
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Greenwood ◽  
Michelle L. Litchman ◽  
Diana Isaacs ◽  
Julia E. Blanchette ◽  
Jane K. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
English Language ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Diabetes Outcomes ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technology Attributes

Background: A 2017 umbrella review defined the technology-enabled self-management (TES) feedback loop associated with a significant reduction in A1C. The purpose of this 2021 review was to develop a taxonomy of intervention attributes in technology-enabled interventions; review recent, high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses to determine if the TES framework was described and if elements contribute to improved diabetes outcomes; and to identify gaps in the literature. Methods: We identified key technology attributes needed to describe the active ingredients of TES interventions. We searched multiple databases for English language reviews published between April 2017 and April 2020, focused on PwD (population) receiving diabetes care and education (intervention) using technology-enabled self-management (comparator) in a randomized controlled trial, that impact glycemic, behavioral/psychosocial, and other diabetes self-management outcomes. AMSTAR-2 guidelines were used to assess 50 studies for methodological quality including risk of bias. Results: The TES Taxonomy was developed to standardize the description of technology-enabled interventions; and ensure research uses the taxonomy for replication and evaluation. Of the 26 included reviews, most evaluated smartphones, mobile applications, texting, internet, and telehealth. Twenty-one meta-analyses with the TES feedback loop significantly lowered A1C. Conclusions: Technology-enabled diabetes self-management interventions continue to be associated with improved clinical outcomes. The ongoing rapid adoption and engagement of technology makes it important to focus on uniform measures for behavioral/psychosocial outcomes to highlight healthy coping. Using the TES Taxonomy as a standard approach to describe technology-enabled interventions will support understanding of the impact technology has on diabetes outcomes.

Understanding Burden in Caregivers of Adults With Dysphagia: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Daniella Rangira ◽  
Hiba Najeeb ◽  
Samantha E. Shune ◽  
Ashwini Namasivayam-MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Social Life ◽  
English Language ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: A previous review suggested that dysphagia is negatively associated with burden in caregivers of community-dwelling older adults. Other literature suggests similar patterns of burden may be found across adult patient populations. The current study, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, was conducted to determine the impact of dysphagia on caregivers of adults, regardless of etiology. Method: Five electronic databases were searched using terms based on a review by Namasivayam-MacDonald and Shune (2018) but included all adults rather than only older adults. Searches were limited to English-language empirical studies discussing caregiver burden, included caregivers of adult care recipients, had some care recipients with dysphagia, did not include palliative care, and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Results: The search yielded 1,112 unique abstracts, of which 17 were accepted. Across studies, caregiver burden was found to increase due to dysphagia in care recipients. Commonly reported dysphagia-related causes of burden included changes in meal preparation, disruption in lifestyle, effects on social life, lack of support, insertion of feeding tubes, and fear of aspiration. In general, dysphagia-related caregiver burden was a common experience across caregivers, regardless of patient population, caregiver age, and relationship between caregiver and care recipient. Meta-analyses suggest 71% of caregivers of adults with dysphagia experience some degree of burden. Conclusions: These findings support that dysphagia negatively impacts caregiver burden and suggests sources of burden that clinicians can address within dysphagia management to support caregivers. However, more research is needed to better delineate sources of burden, especially those specific to various dysphagia etiologies, to better meet the needs of our patients.

The management of public libraries during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review through PRISMA method

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Kostagiolas ◽  
Anna Katsani
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
International Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Paradigms ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the literature regarding the impact of global coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) pandemic on PLs and their management responses during COVID-19 pandemic as well as for the post-pandemic era.Design/methodology/approachThe systematic literature review is based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method and includes publications in the English language published at online scholarly resources during the period of COVID-19 outbreak, i.e. from January 2020 to June 2021.FindingsThe number of the eligible and relevant studies for the COVID-19 impact on PLs was 79, which were included in the literature review profiling and in the qualitative analysis.Originality/valueThe systematic review provides a useful overview of existing PL management paradigms that could be contemplated at an organizational, national or international level while developing a strategy for public libraries in the post-pandemic era.

scholarly journals The Antibiotic Use in Osteomyelitis Infection: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 720-723
Author(s):  
Panji Sananta ◽  
Thomas Erwin Christian Junus Huwae ◽  
Daniel Ronadi ◽  
Lasa Dhakka Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Acute Osteomyelitis ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Long Bone Osteomyelitis

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone. One of the therapies for osteomyelitis is antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic treatment has evolved substantially, but bone infections are still a challenge. Antimicrobial therapy is also difficult, caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms.  Therefore, a systematic review is needed to assess antibiotic use in osteomyelitis infection. Method: Articles were searched using Pubmed with keywords “antibiotics”, “osteomyelitis”, and its combination. The authors used five years publication date and English language to select the appropriate journal. Result: The author identified 13 relevant articles with antibiotics use in osteomyelitis. All of the cases were about chronic osteomyelitis and osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Osteomyelitis in other sites of long bones needs longer duration treatment than long bone osteomyelitis. In acute osteomyelitis in children, antibiotic treatment can switch from IV to oral antibiotics. Furthermore, chronic osteomyelitis needs longer treatment to resolve than acute osteomyelitis. Conclusion: Antibiotics still mainstay treatment with surgery for osteomyelitis treatment. With acute, children, and long bone only need shorter treatment than chronic, adult, and non-long bone osteomyelitis.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Practices of English Language Teaching: A Meta-Analysis of Meta-Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Hamad H. Alsowat
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

This meta-analysis aims at investigating the impact of English language teaching practices on language outcomes. The literature search yielded 90 meta-analyses that were published between January, 1995 and December, 2019. The current study analyzed 90 meta-analysis and these studies comprised 3496 studies, 7870 effect sizes and nearly 700,000 students. Three moderator variables were examined: year of publication, setting and educational level. The results showed that a) language learning strategies had medium impact on language outcomes in general and generated the largest impact on speaking (d=0.90), b) technology-based language learning had medium impact on language outcomes in general and generated the largest impact on vocabulary (d=0.98), c) explicit instruction had medium impact on language outcomes in general and generated the largest impact on grammar (d=1.26), d) mobile-based language learning had small impact on language outcomes in general and generated the largest impact on listening (d=0.73), and e) setting and educational level significantly moderated the impact of teaching practices on language outcomes. The findings were discussed and implication and future research were proposed.

scholarly journals Is antibiotics overuse justified when immediate intervention is not possible? A rapid evidence review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Nour Ibrahim ◽  
Ziad Noujeim ◽  
Georges Aoun ◽  
Abbass El-Outa
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Dental Conditions

Introduction: This review revisits clinical use of antibiotics for most common acute oro-dental conditions; we aim to provide evidence governing antibiotics use when access to oral healthcare is not available, as during the ongoing outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Materials and methods: In this rapid review, articles were retrieved after conducting a search on PubMed and Google Scholar. Relevant publications were selected and analyzed. Most recent systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses and societal guidelines were selected. Data were extracted, grouped, and synthesized according to the respective subtopic analysis. Results and discussion: There was evidence supporting the use of antibiotics in common oro-dental conditions as temporary measure when immediate care is not accessible, such as in case of localized oral swellings as well as to prevent post-extraction complications. No sufficient evidence could be found in support of antibiotic use for pain resulting from pulpal origin. Conclusion: Antibiotic use may be justified to defer treatment temporarily or reduce risk of complications in case of localized infection and tooth extraction, when no access to immediate dental care is possible. Graphical abstract:

scholarly journals Impacts of Pharmacy Intervention on Appropriateness of Antibiotics Use in Pneumonia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 786-792
Author(s):  
Azizah Nasution ◽  
Khairunnisa Khairunnisa ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Pharmacy Intervention ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Group ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

AIM: This study analyzed the impact of pharmacy intervention on appropriateness of antibiotics use in the treatment of inpatients with pneumonia admitted to Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. METHODS: This cohort study analyzed appropriateness of antibiotic use in the treatment of in-patients with pneumonia without interventions or baseline group (n = 33) admitted to USU Hospital year 2018 and 3-month period admission with pharmacy intervention (n = 42) year 2019. Characteristics of the patients and antibiotics provided to both groups were descriptively analyzed. The appropriateness of antibiotics use in both groups was analyzed based on their medical conditions, culture and sensitivity tests, and trustable literatures, and then categorized applying Gyssens method regarding dose, intervals, routes, length of provision, effectivity, and costs. The significant difference in inappropriate use of antibiotics between groups with and without interventions was analyzed applying unpaired t-test (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). RESULTS: Most of the pneumonia patients in both groups were male. Mean age of the patients (years) in group: without intervention, 60.20 ± 15.48; with intervention, 60.48 ± 14.76. The three most widely provided antibiotics were ceftriaxone, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. Incidence of inappropriate use of antibiotics per patient in group: without intervention, 0.66; with intervention, 0.33. The inappropriate use of antibiotics reduced significantly in group with intervention, p = 0.049. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy intervention is crucial to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia.

Experience of Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Pharmacy Students in the University of Kerbala

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sahib ◽  
Saif Abbas ◽  
Karar Hasson ◽  
Mohammed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. Antibiotics dispensing without prescription, misuse of antibiotics are considered as a major cause of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance causes extra health care cost and leads to loss of productivity; also patients with resistant infections are more expensive and difficult to treat. Many strategies and steps can be taken at all levels of society to reduce the impact and limit the spread of resistance. The pharmacist has effective role in averting antibiotic resistance. Methodology: A questioner form was designed to assess student’s knowledge, attitude and perception about antibiotic use and resistance, 146 pharmacy students from the fourth stage and fifth stage in the University of Kerbala, were selected randomly. Result: A total number of 146 students, (70 from the fourth stage and 76 from the fifth stage) were participated in this study of both sexes (30 male: 116 female). About 82% of students understand what the antibiotic resistance term mean. 87% of students knew that antibiotics shouldn’t be used for common cold. 84% of students did not stop taking antibiotics until taken all of the antibiotics as directed. 34% of students usually consult a doctor before starting an antibiotic. Less than 23% of students did not stop taking antibiotic when any side effect appears. Conclusion: Based on results obtained in this study that done in Kerbala University / College of Pharmacy it has been concluded that students were of high level in knowledge and perception about antibiotics use and resistance, but the students were of lower level in attitudes, lower percent of student have good attitude toward antibiotics use.

Scope of Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Pediatrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1291-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Grammatico-Guillon ◽  
Lukman Abdurrahim ◽  
Kimberley Shea ◽  
Pascal Astagneau ◽  
Stephen Pelton
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

This review of pediatric antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) summarized the antibiotic prescribing interventions and their impact on antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. We reviewed studies of pediatric ASP, including the search terms “antimicrobial stewardship,” “antibiotic stewardship,” “children,” and “pediatric.” The articles’ selection and review were performed independently by 2 investigators, according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Twenty-one studies were included, from the past 15 years, increasing after the 2007 IDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America) guidelines for ASP with a large variability of the programs, and the virtual exclusive focus on inpatient settings (90%): 16 formalized ASP and 5 non-ASP actions. A reduction in antibiotic prescribing in ASP has been demonstrated in the studies reporting pediatric ASP, but only one ASP showed a significant impact on antimicrobial resistance. However, the impact on antibiotic consumption in pediatrics demonstrated the important contribution of these strategies to improve antibiotic use in children, without complications or negative issues.

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