Intra-Couple (Dis)Similarity in Gender Role Attitudes and the Transition to Parenthood in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Hudde ◽  
Henriette Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
German Family ◽  
First Child ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper tests whether couples in which partners hold dissimilar gender role attitudes are less likely to have a first child together compared to couples in which both partners share similar attitudes. The study contributes to micro-level research on gender role attitudes and fertility, which has examined the content of one partner’s attitudes, but not the fit of both partners’ views. We analyse unique panel data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) collected between 2008 and 2017, which includes information on the attitudes of both partners in a couple. Results show that couples whose members have dissimilar gender role attitudes are substantially and significantly less likely to have a child together over time. This observation holds independently of both partners’ individual attitudes and holds against a number of robustness checks.

scholarly journals Homogamy in Gender Role Attitudes Among Young Couples: Evidence from Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-428
Author(s):  
Ansgar Hudde
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Relationship Stability ◽  
Relationship Dynamics ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Romantic partners’ similarity in gender role attitudes affects important outcomes such as sharing of housework, relationship stability, or fertility. However, there is little knowledge about how similar romantic partners are in these attitudes. Using dyadic panel data from German couples (sourced from pairfam), this study puts the degree of homogamy in gender role attitudes among young couples into perspective by comparing real couples with two types of counterfactuals. To create these counterfactuals, I re-mate couples in two ways: (a) randomly and (b) in such a way that similarity in attitudes between partners is maximized. Real couples differ only slightly from randomly mated couples, which suggests rather weak attitudinal similarity. Using longitudinal information, I further test the mechanisms that determine the degree of homogamy: there is strong evidence for alignment over time and for lower rates of separation among homogamous couples, but no evidence for homogamy as a by-product of assortative mating on other variables. This paper offers methodological and substantial contributions to the literature: it presents a method for intuitive assessment of the degree of homogamy with multiple variables simultaneously. It also shows that in Germany, macro-level diversity in attitudes largely translates into dissimilar attitudes between partners—with important implications for relationship dynamics.

Gender Role Attitudes of American Mothers and Daughters Over Time

1999 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Rollins Bohannon ◽  
Priscilla White Blanton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Maternal employment and gender role attitudes: dissonance among British men and women in the transition to parenthood

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Schober ◽  
Jacqueline Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Economic Constraints

This study examines how changes in gender role attitudes of couples after childbirth relate to women’s paid work and the type of childcare used. Identifying attitude-practice dissonances matters because how they get resolved influences mothers’ future employment. Previous research examined changes in women’s attitudes and employment, or spouses’ adaptations to each others’ attitudes. This is extended by considering how women and men in couples simultaneously adapt to parenthood in terms of attitude and behavioural changes and by exploring indirect effects of economic constraints. Structural equation models and regression analysis based on the British Household Panel Survey (1991-2007) are applied. The results suggest that less traditional attitudes among women and men are more likely in couples where women’s postnatal labour market participation and the use of formal childcare contradict their traditional prenatal attitudes. Women’s prenatal earnings have an indirect effect on attitude change of both partners through incentives for maternal employment.

scholarly journals Gender-role attitudes and behavior across the transition to parenthood.

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabra L. Katz-Wise ◽  
Heather A. Priess ◽  
Janet S. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Are Adolescents Addicted to Smartphones?

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Geunyong Park ◽  
Jisun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Externality ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Rational Addiction Model ◽  
Over Time

This empirical study shows how people use their smartphones by employing the rational addiction model of Becker and Murphy. The analysis uses micro-level panel data on the monthly usage of smartphone applications (so-called “apps”) derived from 10,337 users in South Korea, from 2012 to 2016. The authors find that smartphone users are “addicted” to mobile phone apps, in the sense that their prior usage has significantly influenced their current use. Nonetheless, people in the sample seem to use their smartphones in a forward-looking manner, adjusting consumption over time to maximize their utility. On the other hand, the study's result rejects the conventional belief that younger individuals behave more myopically than older ones. Furthermore, only the mother's smartphone use was found to generate a positive externality for her children.

Men’s and Women’s Gender-Role Attitudes across the Transition to Parenthood: Accounting for Child’s Gender

Social Forces ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Perales ◽  
Yara Jarallah ◽  
Janeen Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes

scholarly journals The Changing Association Between Homeownership and the Transition to Parenthood

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Tocchioni ◽  
Ann Berrington ◽  
Daniele Vignoli ◽  
Agnese Vitali
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Event History ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mortgage Credit ◽  
First Child ◽  
Micro Level

Abstract The literature suggests a positive link between homeownership and the transition to parenthood. However, in recent decades, couples' preference for becoming homeowners before having their first child has been undermined by rising housing unaffordability and housing uncertainty. An archetypal example is Britain, where homeownership rates among young adults have fallen substantially as a result of low wages, unemployment, reductions in the availability of mortgage credit, and rising house prices. This situation has produced a housing crisis. Using longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008) and the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2016), we apply multilevel, discrete-time event-history techniques to a sample of women aged 18–42. We investigate whether and how the link between homeownership and entering parenthood has changed in Britain in recent decades. Our findings reveal that in comparison with the 1990s, the likelihood of becoming a parent has declined among homeowners, whereas childbearing rates among private renters have remained stable. Thus, owner-occupiers and private renters have become more similar in terms of their likelihood of entering parenthood. Overall, our findings question the classical micro-level assumption of a positive link between homeownership and transition to parenthood, at least among Britain's “Generation Rent.” These findings are subsequently interpreted in terms of increased housing uncertainty.

Gender-Role Attitudes in University Students in the United States, Slovenia, and Croatia

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Hanson Frieze ◽  
Anuš;ka Ferligoj ◽  
Tina Kogovšek ◽  
Tanja Rener ◽  
Jasna Horvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
Frequent Attendance ◽  
Religious Services ◽  
Over Time

Determinants of gender-role attitudes were examined in samples of university students from Pittsburgh in the United States, Ljubljana in Slovenia, and Osijek in Croatia. Surveys including items from the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and the Neosexism Scale were administered to a total of 1,544 U.S. students, 912 Slovene students, and 996 Croatian students between the years of 1991 and 2000. As predicted, men held less egalitarian or more sexist attitudes about the appropriate roles for women and men, and those with more frequent attendance at religious services held more sexist attitudes. No changes in attitudes were found for women over time, but Slovene males were found to become more traditional over time.

Are Adolescents Addicted to Smartphones?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geunyong Park ◽  
Jisun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Positive Externality ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Rational Addiction Model ◽  
Over Time

This empirical study shows how people use their smartphones by employing the rational addiction model of Becker and Murphy. The analysis uses micro-level panel data on the monthly usage of smartphone applications (so-called “apps”) derived from 10,337 users in South Korea, from 2012 to 2016. The authors find that smartphone users are “addicted” to mobile phone apps, in the sense that their prior usage has significantly influenced their current use. Nonetheless, people in the sample seem to use their smartphones in a forward-looking manner, adjusting consumption over time to maximize their utility. On the other hand, the study's result rejects the conventional belief that younger individuals behave more myopically than older ones. Furthermore, only the mother's smartphone use was found to generate a positive externality for her children.

scholarly journals Does Parental Investment Shape Adult Children’s Fertility Intentions? Findings From a German Family Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O. Tanskanen ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
German Family ◽  
First Child ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Over Time

Parents can play an important role in the childbearing plans of adult children. However, studies testing whether changes in parental investment are associated with subsequent changes in fertility intentions over time are lacking. We investigated whether parental investment, measured as contact frequency, emotional closeness, financial support, and childcare, is associated with adult children’s intentions to have a first and a second, or subsequent, child within the next 2 years. These associations were studied in four different parent-adult child dyads based on the sex of parents and adult children (i.e, mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, father-son). The participants are from the German Family Panel, which is a longitudinal survey of younger and middle-aged adults with eight follow-up waves. We exploited within-person (or fixed-effect) regression models, which concentrated an individual’s variation over time (i.e., whether changes in parental investment frequencies are associated with subsequent changes in adult children’s fertility intentions). It was detected that increased emotional closeness between fathers and daughters was associated with increased adult daughter’s intentions to have a first child but father-daughter contact decreased daughter’s intentions to have another child, and maternal financial support decreased son’s intentions to have a first child. Overall, statistically nonsignificant associations outweighed significant ones. Although it is often assumed that parental investment is an important factor influencing the childbearing decisions of adult children, the present findings indicate that parental investment may not increase adult children’s intentions to have a/another child in Germany.

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