Homogamy in Gender Role Attitudes Among Young Couples: Evidence from Germany

Abstract Romantic partners’ similarity in gender role attitudes affects important outcomes such as sharing of housework, relationship stability, or fertility. However, there is little knowledge about how similar romantic partners are in these attitudes. Using dyadic panel data from German couples (sourced from pairfam), this study puts the degree of homogamy in gender role attitudes among young couples into perspective by comparing real couples with two types of counterfactuals. To create these counterfactuals, I re-mate couples in two ways: (a) randomly and (b) in such a way that similarity in attitudes between partners is maximized. Real couples differ only slightly from randomly mated couples, which suggests rather weak attitudinal similarity. Using longitudinal information, I further test the mechanisms that determine the degree of homogamy: there is strong evidence for alignment over time and for lower rates of separation among homogamous couples, but no evidence for homogamy as a by-product of assortative mating on other variables. This paper offers methodological and substantial contributions to the literature: it presents a method for intuitive assessment of the degree of homogamy with multiple variables simultaneously. It also shows that in Germany, macro-level diversity in attitudes largely translates into dissimilar attitudes between partners—with important implications for relationship dynamics.

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Intra-Couple (Dis)Similarity in Gender Role Attitudes and the Transition to Parenthood in Germany

European Sociological Review ◽

10.1093/esr/jcaa024 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ansgar Hudde ◽

Henriette Engelhardt

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Gender Role ◽

Transition To Parenthood ◽

Gender Role Attitudes ◽

German Family ◽

First Child ◽

Micro Level ◽

Over Time

Abstract This paper tests whether couples in which partners hold dissimilar gender role attitudes are less likely to have a first child together compared to couples in which both partners share similar attitudes. The study contributes to micro-level research on gender role attitudes and fertility, which has examined the content of one partner’s attitudes, but not the fit of both partners’ views. We analyse unique panel data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) collected between 2008 and 2017, which includes information on the attitudes of both partners in a couple. Results show that couples whose members have dissimilar gender role attitudes are substantially and significantly less likely to have a child together over time. This observation holds independently of both partners’ individual attitudes and holds against a number of robustness checks.

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Gender Role Attitudes of American Mothers and Daughters Over Time

The Journal of Social Psychology ◽

10.1080/00224549909598371 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 173-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Judy Rollins Bohannon ◽

Priscilla White Blanton

Keyword(s):

Gender Role ◽

Gender Role Attitudes ◽

Mothers And Daughters ◽

Over Time

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Gender-Role Attitudes in University Students in the United States, Slovenia, and Croatia

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1111/1471-6402.00105 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 256-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Irene Hanson Frieze ◽

Anuš;ka Ferligoj ◽

Tina Kogovšek ◽

Tanja Rener ◽

Jasna Horvat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

University Students ◽

Gender Role ◽

Gender Role Attitudes ◽

The United States ◽

Attitudes Toward Women ◽

Sexist Attitudes ◽

Frequent Attendance ◽

Religious Services ◽

Over Time

Determinants of gender-role attitudes were examined in samples of university students from Pittsburgh in the United States, Ljubljana in Slovenia, and Osijek in Croatia. Surveys including items from the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and the Neosexism Scale were administered to a total of 1,544 U.S. students, 912 Slovene students, and 996 Croatian students between the years of 1991 and 2000. As predicted, men held less egalitarian or more sexist attitudes about the appropriate roles for women and men, and those with more frequent attendance at religious services held more sexist attitudes. No changes in attitudes were found for women over time, but Slovene males were found to become more traditional over time.

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Financial Inclusion and Tax Revenue: Evidence From Europe

International Journal of Financial Research ◽

10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Bassam Al-Own ◽

Tareq Bani-Khalid

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Credit Card ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

European Countries ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Bank Account ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

This paper aimed to investigate the relationship between financial inclusion and tax revenue using measures from the Global Findex database for a sample of 28 European countries between 2011- 2017. The data were analysed using panel data methodology. The number of people who are financially included in this observed period might increase over time, which would create more income and in turn lead to higher tax contributions to the government. We found strong evidence to suggest that financial inclusion represents one of the determinants of tax revenue in European countries. Results of the analysis show positive and significant impact of financial inclusion as measured by Bank account (% of age +15) and credit card ownership (% age 15+) on tax revenues measures. The results are robust using several sources of taxation. The findings suggest that higher financial inclusion is associated with more tax revenue. These results should be of great interest to regulators and policymakers to take advantage of the developments on financial inclusion.

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Gender Equality Mood across States and over Time

State Politics & Policy Quarterly ◽

10.1177/1532440017712792 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julianna Koch ◽

Danielle M. Thomsen

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Gender Role ◽

Gender Equality ◽

State Level ◽

Gender Role Attitudes ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

Research Areas ◽

Over Time

This article provides a new measure of state-level attitudes toward gender roles. Our series, gender equality mood, spans from 1972 to 2010 and is the first measure to capture variation in gender-role attitudes across states and over time. The series is created using two leading techniques for opinion estimation: multilevel regression and poststratification and survey aggregation. We conclude by discussing several research areas in which our measure of gender equality mood may be especially useful.

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What shapes gender attitudes among adolescent girls and boys? Evidence from the UDAYA Longitudinal Study in India

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248766

Author(s):

Sangram Kishor Patel ◽

K. G. Santhya ◽

Nicole Haberland

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Gender Role ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Gender Role Attitudes ◽

Gender Attitudes ◽

Middle Income ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

The Individual ◽

Over Time

Introduction The role of gender norms in shaping education and work opportunities, distribution of power and resources, and health and wellbeing is well recognised. However, rigorous studies in low- and middle-income countries on when and how norms change over time and what factors shape adolescents’ and young adult’s gender attitudes are limited. This paper explores the factors that determine adolescents’ gender attitudes, as well as patterns in gender attitude shifts over time among younger and older adolescent boys and girls in India. Data and methods Data presented in this paper were drawn from a unique longitudinal study of adolescents aged 10–19 (Understanding the lives of adolescent and young adults–UDAYA study) in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in India, conducted during 2015–2016 (wave 1) and 2018–2019 (wave 2). The analysis presented in this paper drew on data from 4,428 boys and 7,607 girls who were aged 10–19 and unmarried at wave 1 and interviewed at both rounds of the survey. We used univariate and bivariate analyses to examine changes in adolescents’ gender role attitudes over time and the association between explanatory variables and gender role attitudes. We also used linear fixed effects regression models to identify factors that shape adolescents’ gender role attitudes. Results Gender role attitudes became more egalitarian over time among boys and girls, except among the older cohort of boys in our study. Among both younger and older cohorts, girls/young women held more egalitarian views than boys/young men and this pattern held over time for both cohorts. Factors that influenced gender role attitudes differed for younger and older adolescents, particularly among boys. While some predictors differed for boys and girls, there were substantial similarities as well. Gender attitudes were affected by factors at the individual, family, peer, and societal levels, as well as by community engagement. Conclusions Our findings show that it is possible to shift gender attitudes toward greater equity and, in so doing, contribute to improved health and rights.

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